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Ãæáí Çáäåì áÔÑÍ ÇáãäÊåì ÇáãÚÑæÝ ÈÔÑÍ ãäÊåì ÇáÅÑÇÏÇÊ [ÈóÇÈõ äóæóÇÞöÖö ÇáúæõÖõæÁö]
ÌóãúÚõ äóÇÞöÖóÉò ÈöãóÚúäóì äóÇÞöÖò. Åäú Þöíáó: áóÇ íõÌúãóÚõ ÝóÇÚöáñ
æóÕúÝðÇ ãõØúáóÞðÇ Úóáóì ÝóæóÇÚöáó ÅáøóÇ
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ãóÇ ÔóÐøó Ãóæú ÌóãúÚõ äóÇÞöÖò Åäú ÎõÕøó
ÇáúãóäúÚõ ÈöæóÕúÝö ÇáúÚóÇÞöáö¡ Úóáóì ãóÇ ÇÎúÊóÇÑóåõ ÌóãóÇÚóÉñ (æóåöíó
ãõÝúÓöÏóÇÊõåõ) Ãóíú ÇáúæõÖõæÁö¡ ÌõãúáóÉñ ãõÚúÊóÑöÖóÉñ áöáÊøóÝúÓöíÑö ;
áöÃóäøó ÇáäøóÞúÖó ÍóÞöíÞóÉñ Ýöí ÇáúÈöäóÇÁö: æóÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáõåõ Ýöí
ÇáúãóÚóÇäöí ßóäóÞúÖö ÇáúæõÖõæÁö¡ æóÇáúÚöáøóÉõ: ãóÌóÇÒñ (ËóãóÇäöíóÉñ)
ÈöÇáöÇÓúÊöÞúÑóÇÁö ÃóÍóÏõåóÇ (ÇáúÎóÇÑöÌõ æóáóæú) ßóÇäó (äóÇÏöÑðÇ)
ßóÇáÑøöíÍö ãöäú ÇáúÞõÈõáö æóÇáÏøõæÏö æóÇáúÍóÕóì ãöäú ÇáÏøõÈõÑö¡
ÝóíóäúÞõÖõ ßóÇáúãõÚúÊóÇÏö¡ æóåõæó ÇáúÈóæúáõ æóÇáúÛóÇÆöØõ æóÇáÑøöíÍõ ãöäú
ÇáÏøõÈõÑö¡ áöÍóÏöíËö «ÝóÇØöãóÉó ÈöäúÊö ÃóÈöí ÍõÈóíúÔò ÃóäøóåóÇ ßóÇäóÊú
ÊõÓúÊóÍóÇÖõ¡ ÝóÓóÃóáóÊú ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó
ÝóÞóÇáó: ÅÐóÇ ßóÇäó Ïóãõ ÇáúÍóíúÖö ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÃóÓúæóÏõ íõÚúÑóÝõ ÝóÅöÐóÇ
ßóÇäó ßóÐóáößó ÝóÃóãúÓößöí Úóäú ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö æóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúÂÎóÑõ
ÝóÊóæóÖøóÆöí æóÕóáøöí ÝóÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó Ïóãõ ÚöÑúÞò» . ÑóæóÇåõ ÃóÈõæ
ÏóÇæõÏ æóÇáÏøóÇÑóÞõØúäöíø¡ æóÞóÇáó ÅÓúäóÇÏõåõ ßõáøõåõãú ËöÞóÇÊñ.
ÝóÃóãóÑóåóÇ ÈöÇáúæõÖõæÁö áößõáøö ÕóáóÇÉò æóÏóãõåóÇ ÛóíúÑõ ãõÚúÊóÇÏò.
æóáöÃóäøóåõ ÎóÇÑöÌñ ãöäú ÓóÈöíáò. ÃóÔúÈóåó ÇáúãõÚúÊóÇÏó æóáöÚõãõæãö
Þóæúáöåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó «áóÇ æõÖõæÁó ÅáøóÇ ãöäú
ÍóÏóËò Ãóæú ÑöíÍò» ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ æóÕóÍøóÍóåõ ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÃóÈöí
åõÑóíúÑóÉó æóåõæó íóÔúãóáõ ÇáÑøöíÍó ãöäú ÇáúÞõÈõáö æóÇáúÍóÕóÇÉö ÊóÎúÑõÌõ
ãöäú ÏõÈõÑöåö äóÌöÓóÉñ (Ãóæú) ßóÇäó ÇáúÎóÇÑöÌõ (ØóÇåöÑðÇ) ßóæóáóÏò ÈöáóÇ
Ïóãò¡ ÝóíóäúÞõÖõ.
(Ãóæú) ßóÇäó (ãõÞóØøóÑðÇ) ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇáØøóÇÁö ãõÔóÏøóÏóÉð¡ ÈöÃóäú ÞóØøóÑó
Ýöí ÅÍúáöíáöåö ÏõåúäðÇ. Ëõãøó ÎóÑóÌó ÝóíóäúÞõÖõ áöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÎúáõæ
Úóäú ÈóáøóÉò äóÌöÓóÉò ÊóÕúÍóÈõåõ¡ ÝóíóÊóäóÌøóÓõ áöäóÌóÇÓóÉö ãóÇ
áóÇÞóÇåõ¡ ÞóØóÚó Èöåö Ýöí ÇáÔøóÑúÍ æóáóæú ÞóØøóÑóåõ Ýöí ÛóíúÑö
ÇáÓøóÈöíáö¡ æóáóãú íóÕöáú Åáóì ãóÍóáøò äóÌöÓò. ßóãóÇ áóæú ÞóØøóÑóåõ Ýöí
ÃõÐõäöåö ÝóæóÕóáó Åáóì ÏöãóÇÛöåö¡ Ëõãøó ÎóÑóÌó ãöäúåóÇ áóãú íõäúÞóÖú
æóßóÐóÇ áóæú ÎóÑóÌó ãöäú Ýóãöåö (Ãóæú) ßóÇäó (ãõÍúÊóÔðì) ÈöÃóäú ÇÍúÊóÔóì
ÞõØúäðÇ Ãóæú äóÍúæóåõ Ýöí ÏõÈõÑöåö Ãóæú ÞõÈõáöåö (æóÇÈúÊóáøó) Ëõãøó
ÎóÑóÌó ÇäúÊóÞóÖó æõÖõæÁõåõ¡ ÓóæóÇÁñ ßóÇäó ØóÑóÝõåõ ÎóÇÑöÌðÇ Ãóæú áóÇ.
æóãóÝúåõæãõåõ: Åäú áóãú íóÈúÊóáøó áóÇ íõäúÞóÖú. ÞóÇáó Ýöí ÔóÑúÍöåö:
æóåõæó ÇáúãóÐúåóÈõ: áöÃóäøóåõ áóíúÓó Èóíúäó ÇáúãóËóÇäóÉö æóÇáúÌóæúÝö
ãóäúÝóÐñ. æóáóãú ÊóÕúÍóÈúåõ äóÌóÇÓóÉñ. Ýóáóãú íõäúÞóÖú ÇäúÊóåóì.
æóãõÞúÊóÖóÇåõ: Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÍúÊóÔóì Ýöí ÏõÈõÑöåö íóäúÞõÖõ ÅÐóÇ ÎóÑóÌó
ãõØúáóÞðÇ.
æóÝöí ÇáúÅöÞúäóÇÚö: íóäúÞõÖõ ÇáúãõÍúÊóÔóì ÅÐóÇ ÎóÑóÌó æóáóæú áóãú
íóÈúÊóáøó (Ãóæú) ßóÇäó (ãóäöíøðÇ ÏóÈøó) Åáóì ÝóÑúÌò Ëõãøó ÎóÑóÌó (Ãóæú)
ãóäöíøðÇ (ÇÓúÊõÏúÎöáó) ÈöäóÍúæö ÞöØúÚóÉò Ýöí ÝóÑúÌò¡ Ëõãøó ÎóÑóÌó
äóÞóÖó. áöÃóäøóåõ ÎóÇÑöÌñ ãöäú ÓóÈöíáò¡ áóÇ íóÎúáõæ Úóäú ÈóáøóÉò
ÊóÕúÍóÈõåõ ãöäú ÇáúÝóÑúÌö.
æóÇáúÍõÞúäóÉõ Åäú ÎóÑóÌóÊú ãöäú ÇáúÝóÑúÌö Ãóæú ÃóÏúÎóáó ÈóÚúÖó
ÇáÒøóÑøóÇÞóÉö äóÞóÖóÊú¡ ÓóæóÇÁñ ßóÇäóÊú Ýöí ÇáúÞõÈõáö Ãóæú Ýöí
ÇáÏøõÈõÑö. æó (áóÇ) íóäúÞõÖõ ÇáúÎóÇÑöÌõ Åäú ßóÇäó (ÏóÇÆöãðÇ) ßóÏóãö
ãõÓúÊóÍóÇÖóÉò æóÓóáóÓö Èóæúáò æóäóÍúæöåö¡ áöáÖøóÑõæÑóÉö (ãöäú ÓóÈöíáò)
ãõÊóÚóáøöÞñ ÈöÇáúÎóÇÑöÌö. æóåõæó ãóÎúÑóÌõ ÇáúÈóæúáö æóÇáúÛóÇÆöØö.
ÝóíóäúÞõÖõ ãóÇ ÎóÑóÌó ãöäúåõ (Åáóì ãóÇ) Ãóíú ãóÍóáøò (íóáúÍóÞõåõ Íõßúãõ
ÇáÊøóØúåöíÑö) áöÃóäøó ãóÇ æóÕóáó
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Åáóíúåö ÇáúÎóÇÑöÌõ ÅÐóÇ áóãú íóáúÍóÞúåõ
Íõßúãõ ÇáÊøóØúåöíÑö ãöäú ÇáúÎóÈóËö áóãú íóáúÍóÞú ÓóÈóÈóåõ Íõßúãõ
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(æóáóæú) áóãú íõäúÞóáú ÇáúÎóÇÑöÌõ¡ Èóáú ßóÇäó (ÈöÙõåõæÑö ãóÞúÚóÏóÉò
Úõáöãó ÈóáóáõåóÇ) äóÕøðÇ.
ÝóÅöäú áóãú íõÚúáóãú ÈóáóáõåóÇ áóãú íóáúÒóãúåõ ÇáúæõÖõæÁõ ÞóÇáó Ýöí
ÇáúÝõÑõæÚö: æóßóÐóÇ ØóÑóÝõ ãõÕúÑóÇäò æóÑóÃúÓõ ÏõæÏóÉò. æ (áóÇ) íóäúÞõÖõ
(íóÓöíÑõ äóÌóÓò) ÎóÑóÌó (ãöäú ÃóÍóÏö ÝóÑúÌóíú) Ãóíú ÞõÈõáóíú (ÎõäúËóì
ãõÔúßöáò ÛóíúÑó Èóæúáò æóÛóÇÆöØò) áöáÔøóßøö Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÞöÖö. æóåõæó
ÇáúÎõÑõæÌõ ãöäú ÝóÑúÌò ÃóÕúáöíøò.
ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúÎóÇÑöÌõ ßóËöíÑðÇ Ãóæú ÈóæúáðÇ Ãóæú ÛóÇÆöØðÇ Ãóæú ÎóÑóÌó
ÇáäøóÌöÓóÇäö Ãóæú ÇáØøóÇåöÑõ ãöäúåõãóÇ. äóÞóÖó (æóãóÊóì ÇÓúÊóÏøó
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ßóÇäó ÇáúãõäúÝóÊöÍõ (ÃóÓúÝóáó ÇáúãóÚöÏóÉö áóãú íóËúÈõÊú áóåõ) Ãóíú
ÇáúãõäúÝóÊöÍö (Íõßúãõ) ÇáúãóÎúÑóÌö (ÇáúãõÚúÊóÇÏö) Èóáú åöíó ÈóÇÞöíóÉñ
áóåõ (ÝóáóÇ äóÞúÖó ÈöÑöíÍò ãöäúåõ) æóáóÇ ÈöãóÓøöåö¡ æóáóÇ ÈöÎõÑõæÌö
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ÈöáóÇ ÅäúÒóÇáò æóÊóÞóÏøóãó áóÇ íóÌúÒöí Ýöíåö ÇÓúÊöÌúãóÇÑñ (ÇáËøóÇäöí
ÎõÑõæÌõ Èóæúáò Ãóæú ÛóÇÆöØò ãöäú ÈóÇÞöí ÇáúÈóÏóäö) ÛóíúÑö
ÇáÓøóÈöíáóíúäö.
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ÇáúÛóÇÆöØõ Ãóæú íóÓöíÑðÇ (Ãóæú) ÎõÑõæÌõ (äóÌóÇÓóÉò ÛóíúÑöåöãóÇ) Ãóíú
ÛóíúÑö ÇáúÈóæúáö æóÇáúÛóÇÆöØö ãöäú ÈóÇÞöí ÇáúÈóÏóäö (ßóÞóíúÁò æóáóæú)
ÎóÑóÌó ÇáúÞóíúÁõ (ÈöÍóÇáóÉò) ÈöÃóäú ÔóÑöÈó äóÍúæó ãóÇÁò æóÞóÐóÝóåõ
ÈöÕöÝóÊöåö¡ áöÃóäøó äóÌóÇÓóÊóåõ ÈöæõÕõæáöåö Åáóì ÇáúÌóæúÝö áóÇ
ÈöÇÓúÊöÍóÇáóÊöåö (ÝóÇÍöÔóÉð) äóÚúÊñ áöäóÌóÇÓóÉò (Ýöí äóÝúÓö ßõáøö ÃóÍóÏò
ÈöÍóÓóÈöåö) .
Ñõæöíó äóÍúæõåõ Úóäú ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò ÞóÇáó ÇáúÎóáøóÇáõ: ÇáøóÐöí
ÇÓúÊóÞóÑøóÊú Úóáóíúåö ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉõ: Ãóäøó ÇáúÝóÇÍöÔó ãóÇ íóÓúÊóÝúÍöÔõåõ
ßõáøõ ÅäúÓóÇäò Ýöí äóÝúÓöåö. áóÇ ãóÇ íóÓúÊóÝúÍöÔõåõ ÛóíúÑõåõ áöÞóæúáö
ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó «ÏóÚú ãóÇ íóÑöíÈõßó Åáóì
ãóÇ áóÇ íóÑöíÈõßó» æóáöÃóäøó ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑó ÍóÇáö ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö ÈöãóÇ
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ÞóÇÁó ÝóÊóæóÖøóÃó. ÞóÇáó ÝóáóÞöíÊõ ËóæúÈóÇäó Ýöí ãóÓúÌöÏö ÏöãöÔúÞó
ÝóÓóÃóáúÊõåõ. ÝóÞóÇáó: ÕóÏóÞó¡ ÃóäóÇ ÓóßóÈúÊõ áóåõ æóÖõæÁóåõ» ÑóæóÇåõ
ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ. æóÞóÇáó: åóÐóÇ ÃóÕóÍøõ ÔóíúÁò Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÈóÇÈö.
Þöíáó áöÃóÍúãóÏó: ÍóÏöíËõ ËóæúÈóÇäó ËóÈóÊó ÚöäúÏóßó¿ ÞóÇáó: äóÚóãú
(æóáóæú) ßóÇäó ÎõÑõæÌõ ÇáäøóÌóÇÓóÉö ÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉö ãöäú ÈóÇÞöí ÇáúÈóÏóäö
(ÈöÞõØúäóÉò Ãóæú äóÍúæöåóÇ) ßóÎöÑúÞóÉò (Ãóæú) ßóÇäó (ÈöãóÕøö ÚóáóÞò)
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Ìõäõæäò Ãóæú
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ÈöÑúÓóÇãò¡ ßóËöíÑðÇ ßóÇäó Ãóæú ÞóáöíáðÇ
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ãóÑúÝõæÚðÇ «ÇáúÚóíúäõ æößóÇÁõ ÇáÓøóåö Ýóãóäú äóÇãó ÝóáúíóÊóæóÖøóÃú»
ÑóæóÇåõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ æóÃóÈõæ ÏóÇæõÏ æóÇÈúäõ ãóÇÌóåú.
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ÇáúÚóíúäóÇäö ÇõÓúÊõØúáöÞó ÇáúæößóÇÁõ» ÑóæóÇåõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ
æóÇáÏøóÇÑóÞõØúäöíø " æóÇáÓøóåõ " ÍóáúÞóÉõ ÇáÏøõÈõÑö. æóÓõÆöáó ÃóÍúãóÏõ
Úóäú ÇáúÍóÏöíËóíúäö ÝóÞóÇáó: ÍóÏöíËõ Úóáöíøò ÃóËúÈóÊõ æóÃóÞúæóì æóÝöí
ÅíÌóÇÈö ÇáúæõÖõæÁö ÈöÇáäøóæúãö ÊóäúÈöíåñ Úóáóì æõÌõæÈöåö ÈöãóÇ åõæó
ÂßóÏõ ãöäúåõ ßóÇáúÌõäõæäö æóÇáÓøõßúÑö. æóáöÃóäøó Ðóáößó ãóÙöäøóÉõ
ÇáúÍóÏóËö ÝóÃõÞöíãó ãóÞóÇãóåõ.
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æóáóãú íóÎúÑõÌú ãöäúåõ ÔóíúÁñ ÅáúÍóÇÞðÇ ÈöÇáúÛóÇáöÈö (ÅáøóÇ äóæúãõ
ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó) ßóËöíÑðÇ ßóÇäó Ãóæú
íóÓöíÑðÇ. áöÃóäøó äóæúãóåõ ßóÇäó íóÞóÚõ Úóáóì Úóíúäóíúåö Ïõæäó ÞóáúÈöåö¡
ßóãóÇ ÕóÍøó Úóäúåõ.
(æó) ÅáøóÇ Çáäøóæúãõ (ÇáúíóÓöíÑõ ÚõÑúÝðÇ ãöäú ÌóÇáöÓò) «áöÍóÏöíËö ÃóäóÓò
ßóÇäó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈõ ÇáÑøóÓõæáö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Úóáóì
ÚóåúÏöåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó íóäúÊóÙöÑõæäó ÇáúÚöÔóÇÁó
ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉó ÍóÊøóì ÊóÎúÝöÞó ÑõÁõæÓõåõãú¡ Ëõãøó íõÕóáøõæäó æóáóÇ
íóÊóæóÖøóÆõæäó» ÑóæóÇåõ ÃóÈõæ ÏóÇæõÏ¡ æóáöÃóäøóåõ íóßúËõÑõ æõÞõæÚõåõ
ãöäú ãõäúÊóÙöÑöí ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö¡ ÝóÚõÝöíó Úóäúåõ áöáúãóÔóÞøóÉö.
æóÅöäú ÑóÃóì ÑõÄúíóÇ Ýóåõæó ßóËöíÑñ¡ æóÚóäúåõ áóÇ¡ æóåöíó ÃóÙúåóÑõ¡
æóÅöäú ÎóØóÑó ÈöÈóÇáöåö ÔóíúÁñ áóÇ íóÏúÑöí ÃóÑõÄúíóÇ Ãóæú ÍóÏöíËõ
äóÝúÓò¿ ÝóáóÇ äóÞúÖó.
(æó) ÅáøóÇ ÇáúíóÓöíÑõ ÚõÑúÝðÇ ãöäú (ÞóÇÆöãò) áöÍóÏöíËö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò
áóãøóÇ ÈóÇÊó ÚöäúÏó ÎóÇáóÊöåö ãóíúãõæäóÉó. ÑóæóÇåõ ãõÓúáöãñ. æóáöÃóäøóåõ
íõÔúÈöåõ ÇáúÌóÇáöÓó Ýöí ÇáÊøóÍóÝøõÙö æóÇÌúÊöãóÇÚö ÇáúãóÎúÑóÌö.
æóÑõÈøóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúÞóÇÆöãõ ÃóÈúÚóÏó ãöäú ÇáúÍóÏóËö (áóÇ) Åäú ßóÇäó
Çáäøóæúãõ ÇáúíóÓöíÑõ (ãóÚó ÇÍúÊöÈóÇÁò Ãóæú ÇÊøößóÇÁò Ãóæú ÇÓúÊöäóÇÏò)
ÝóíóäúÞõÖõ ãõØúáóÞðÇ ßóäóæúãö ÇáúãõÖúØóÌöÚö. æóÚõáöãó ãöäúåõ: ÇáäøóÞúÖõ
ÈöÇáúíóÓöíÑö ÃóíúÖðÇ ãöäú ÑóÇßöÚò æóÓóÇÌöÏò.
(ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚõ: ãóÓøõ ÝóÑúÌö ÂÏóãöíøò) Ïõæäó ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáúÍóíóæóÇäóÇÊö¡
ÊóÚóãøóÏóåõ Ãóæú áóÇ¡ ÐóßóÑðÇ Ãóæú ÃõäúËóì¡ ÕóÛöíÑðÇ Ãóæú ßóÈöíÑðÇ
(æóáóæú) ßóÇäó ÇáúÝóÑúÌõ ÇáúãóãúÓõæÓö (ÏõÈõÑðÇ) áöÃóÍóÏò ãöãøóäú ÐõßöÑó.
ÃóãøóÇ ãóÓøõ ÇáÐøóßóÑö ÝóáöÍóÏöíËö ÈõÓúÑóÉó ÈöäúÊö ÕóÝúæóÇäó ãóÑúÝõæÚðÇ
«ãóäú ãóÓøó ÐóßóÑóåõ ÝóáúíóÊóæóÖøóÃú» ÑóæóÇåõ ãóÇáößñ æóÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ
æóÃóÍúãóÏõ¡ æóÕóÍøóÍóåõ ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ. æóÞóÇáó: ÍóÓóäñ ÕóÍöíÍñ¡ æóÇÈúäõ
ãóÇÌóåú æóÕóÍøóÍóåõ ÇÈúäõ ãóÚöíäò. æóÞóÇáó ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ: ÃóÕóÍøõ ÔóíúÁò
Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÈóÇÈö ÍóÏöíËõ ÈõÓúÑóÉó. æóÚóäú ÌóÇÈöÑò ãöËúáõåõ. ÑóæóÇåõ
ÇÈúäõ ãóÇÌóåú æóÇáúÃóËúÑóãõ.
æóÃóãøóÇ ãóÓøõ ÛóíúÑö ÇáÐøóßóÑö ÝóáöÚõãõæãö Þóæúáöåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ
Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «ãóäú ãóÓøó ÝóÑúÌóåõ ÝóáúíóÊóæóÖøóÃú» ÑóæóÇåõ ÇÈúäõ
ãóÇÌóåú æóÇáúÃóËúÑóãõ æóÕóÍøóÍóåõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ æóÃóÈõæ ÒõÑúÚóÉó. æóáöÍóÏöíËö
ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÔõÚóíúÈò Úóäú ÃóÈöíåö Úóäú ÌóÏøöåö «ÃóíøõãóÇ ÇãúÑóÃóÉò
ãóÓøóÊú ÝóÑúÌóåóÇ ÝóáúÊóÊóæóÖøóÃú» ÑóæóÇåõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ. æóÅöÐóÇ ÇäúÊóÞóÖó
ÈöãóÓøö ÝóÑúÌö äóÝúÓöåö ãóÚó ÏõÚóÇÁö ÇáúÍóÇÌóÉö Åáóíúåö æóÌóæóÇÒöåö.
ÝóãóÓøõ ÝóÑúÌö ÛóíúÑöåö
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Ãóæúáóì.
æóÝöí ÈóÚúÖö ÃóáúÝóÇÙö ÍóÏöíËö ÈõÓúÑóÉó " ãóäú ãóÓøó ÇáÐøóßóÑó
ÝóáúíóÊóæóÖøóÃú " ÝóíóÔúãóáõ ßõáøó ÐóßóÑò (Ãóæú) ßóÇäó ÇáúãóãúÓõæÓõ
ÝóÑúÌõåõ (ãóíøöÊðÇ) áöãóÇ ÓóÈóÞó¡ æóáöÈóÞóÇÁö ÍõÑúãóÊöåö (ãõÊøóÕöáò)
ÕöÝóÉñ áöÝóÑúÌò. ÝóáóÇ äóÞúÖó ÈöãóÓøò ãõäúÝóÕöáò áöÐóåóÇÈö ÍõÑúãóÊöåö
ÈöÞóØúÚöåö (ÃóÕúáöíøò) ÕöÝóÉñ ÃóíúÖðÇ. ÝóáóÇ íóäúÞõÖõ ãóÓøõ ÒóÇÆöÏò
æóáóÇ ÃóÍóÏõ ÝóÑúÌóíú ÎõäúËóì ãõÔúßöáò áöÇÍúÊöãóÇáö ÒöíóÇÏóÊöåö.
(æóáóæú) ßóÇäó ÇáúÝóÑúÌõ (ÃóÔóáøó) áóÇ äóÝúÚó Ýöíåö áöÈóÞóÇÁö ÇÓúãöåö
æóÍõÑúãóÊöåö (Ãóæú) ßóÇäó ÇáúãóãúÓõæÓõ (ÞõáúÝóÉð) ÈöÖóãøö ÇáúÞóÇÝö
æóÓõßõæäö ÇááøóÇãö ÞóÇáó Ýöí ÇáúÞóÇãõæÓö: æóÊõÍóÑøóßõ: ÌöáúÏóÉõ
ÇáÐøóßóÑö. áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÏóÇÎöáóÉñ Ýöí ãõÓóãøóì ÇáÐøóßóÑö æóÍõÑúãóÊöåö ãóÇ
ÇÊøóÕóáóÊú Èöåö (Ãóæú) ßóÇäó ÇáúãóãúÓõæÓõ (ÞõÈõáóíú ÎõäúËóì ãõÔúßöáò)
áöÃóäøó ÃóÍóÏóåõãóÇ ÝóÑúÌñ ÃóÕúáöíøñ¡ ÝóíóäúÞõÖõ ãóÓøõåõ¡ ßóãóÇ áóæú
áóãú íóßõäú ãóÚóåõ ÒóÇÆöÏñ (Ãóæú) ßóÇäó ãóÓøõ ÛóíúÑö ÎõäúËóì ãöäú
ÎõäúËóì (áöÔóåúæóÉò ãóÇ áöáóÇãöÓö ãöËúáöåö) ÈöÃóäú ãóÓøó ÐóßóÑñ ÐóßóÑó
ÇáúÎõäúËóì áöÔóåúæóÉò¡ æóÇáúÃõäúËóì ÞõÈõáóåõ ÇáøóÐöí íõÔúÈöåõ ÝóÑúÌóåóÇ
áöÔóåúæóÉò.
ÝóíõäúÞóÖõ æõÖõæÁõ ÇááøóÇãöÓö¡ áöÊóÍóÞøõÞö ÇáäøóÞúÖö Èößõáøö ÍóÇáò.
ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó áöÛóíúÑö ÔóåúæóÉò ÝóáóÇ äóÞúÖó. áöÇÍúÊöãóÇáö ÇáÒøöíóÇÏóÉö
æóÅöäú ãóÓøó ÎõäúËóì ÞõÈõáó ÎõäúËóì ÂÎóÑó¡ Ãóæú ÞõÈõáóíú äóÝúÓöåö
ÇäúÊóÞóÖó æõÖõæÁõåõ áöÊóíóÞøõäö ÇáäøóÞúÖö¡ æóÅöäú ãóÓøó ÃóÍóÏóåõãóÇ
ÝóáóÇ¡ æóãóÓøõ ÏõÈõÑöåö ßóÏõÈõÑö ÛóíúÑöåö. áöÃóäøóåõ ÃóÕúáöíøñ Èößõáøö
ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑò. æóÅöäú ÊóæóÖøóÃó ÎõäúËóì æóáóãóÓó ÃóÍóÏó ÝóÑúÌóíúåö æóÕóáøóì
ÇáÙøõåúÑó¡ Ëõãøó ÃóÍúÏóËó æóÊóØóåøóÑó¡ æóáóãóÓó ÇáúÂÎóÑó æóÕóáøóì
ÇáúÚóÕúÑó Ãóæú ÝóÇÆöÊóÉð. áóÒöãóåõ ÅÚóÇÏóÊõåõãóÇ¡ Ïõæäó ÇáúæõÖõæÁö.
ÞóÇáóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÅöäúÕóÇÝö (ÈöíóÏò) ãõÊóÚóáøöÞñ ÈöãóÓøó. ÝóáóÇ äóÞúÖó ÅÐóÇ
ãóÓøóåõ ÈöÛóíúÑöåóÇ¡ áöÍóÏöíËö ÃóÍúãóÏó æóÇáÏøóÇÑóÞõØúäöíø " ãóäú
ÃóÝúÖóì ÈöíóÏöåö Åáóì ÐóßóÑöåö " æóáöÃóäøó ÛóíúÑó ÇáúíóÏö áóíúÓó ÈöÂáóÉò
áöáúãóÓøö (æóáóæú) ßóÇäóÊú ÇáúíóÏõ (ÒóÇÆöÏóÉð) áöÚõãõæãö ãóÇ ÓóÈóÞó¡
æóáóÇ ÝóÑúÞó Èóíúäó ÈóØúäö ÇáúßóÝøö æóÙóåúÑöåóÇ æóÍóÑúÝöåóÇ¡ áöÃóäøóåõ
ÌõÒúÁñ ãöäúåóÇ. ÃóÔúÈóåó ÈóØúäóåóÇ (ÎóáóÇ ÙõÝúÑò) ÝóáóÇ íóäúÞõÖõ ãóÓøõåõ
ÈöÇáÙøõÝúÑö ; áöÃóäøóåõ Ýöí Íõßúãö ÇáúãõäúÝóÕöáö (Ãóæú) ãóÓøó (ÇáÐøóßóÑó
ÈöÝóÑúÌö ÛóíúÑöåö) Ãóíú ÅÐóÇ ãóÓøó ÈöÐóßóÑöåö ÝóÑúÌðÇ ÛóíúÑó ÇáÐøóßóÑö
ÇäúÊóÞóÖó æõÖõæÁõåõ ; áöÃóäøóåõ ÃóÝúÍóÔõ ãöäú ãóÓøöåö ÈöÇáúíóÏö.
æóÚõáöãó ãöäúåõ: Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ äóÞúÖó ÈöãóÓøö ÐóßóÑò ÈöÐóßóÑò. æóáóÇ
ÏõÈõÑò ÈöÏõÈõÑò. æóáóÇ ÞõÈõáö ÇãúÑóÃóÉò ÈöÞõÈõáö ÃõÎúÑóì Ãóæú ÏõÈõÑöåóÇ
(ÈöáóÇ ÍóÇÆöáò) ãõÊóÚóáøöÞñ ÈöãóÓøó¡ áöÞóæúáöåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö
æóÓóáøóãó: «ãóäú ÃóÝúÖóì ÈöíóÏöåö Åáóì ÐóßóÑöåö áóíúÓó Ïõæäóåõ ÓöÊúÑñ
ÝóÞóÏú æóÌóÈó Úóáóíúåö ÇáúæõÖõæÁõ» ÑóæóÇåõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ æóÇáÏøóÇÑóÞõØúäöíø.
ÝóÅöäú ãóÓøó ÈöÍóÇÆöáò ÝóáóÇ äóÞúÖó¡ æó (áóÇ) íóäúÞõÖõ ãóÓøõ (ãóÍóáøö)
ÐóßóÑò (ÈóÇÆöäò) áöÃóäøóåõ áóíúÓó ÈöÝóÑúÌò æóßóÐóÇ ãóÓøõ ÇáúÈóÇÆöäö
áöÐóåóÇÈö ÍõÑúãóÊöåö ßóãóÇ íõÝúåóãõ ãöãøóÇ ÓóÈóÞó.
(æó) áóÇ íóäúÞõÖõ ãóÓøõ (ÔõÝúÑóíú ÇãúÑóÃóÉò Ïõæäó ãóÎúÑóÌò) áöÃóäøó
ÇáúÝóÑúÌó ãóÎúÑóÌõ ÇáúÍóÏóËö¡ áóÇ ãóÇ ÞóÇÑóÈóåõ. æóÔõÝúÑóÇ ÇáúÝóÑúÌö¡
ÈöÖóãøö ÇáÔøöíäö ÇáúãõÚúÌóãóÉö æóÅöÓúßóÇäö ÇáúÝóÇÁö: ÍóÇÝøóÊóÇåõ. æóáóÇ
äóÞúÖó ÈöãóÓøö ÇáúÃõäúËóíóíúäö æóáóÇ
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ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáúÝóÑúÌóíúäö.
(ÇáúÎóÇãöÓõ: áóãúÓõ ÐóßóÑò Ãóæú ÃõäúËóì ÇáúÂÎóÑó) Ãóíú áóãóÓó ÐóßóÑñ
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áóÇãóÓúÊõãú ÇáäøöÓóÇÁó} [ÇáãÇÆÏÉ: 6] æóÎóÕøó ÇáúÂíóÉ ÈöãóÇ ÅÐóÇ ßóÇäó
áöÔóåúæóÉò ÌóãúÚðÇ Èóíúäó ÇáúÂíóÉö æóÇáúÃóÎúÈóÇÑö. æóáöÍóÏöíËö ÚóÇÆöÔóÉ
ÞóÇáóÊú: «ÝóÞóÏúÊ ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áóíúáóÉð
ãöäú ÇáúÝöÑóÇÔö¡ ÝóÇáúÊóãóÓóÊúåõ¡ ÝóæóÞóÚóÊú íóÏöí Úóáóì ÈóØúäö
ÞóÏóãóíúåö¡ æóåõæó Ýöí ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö¡ æóåõãóÇ ãóäúÕõæÈóÊóÇäö» ÑóæóÇåõ
ãõÓúáöãñ¡ æóäóÕúÈõåõãóÇ Ïóáöíáñ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ íõÕóáøöí.
«æóÚóäúåóÇ ßõäúÊ ÃóäóÇãõ Èóíúäó íóÏóíú ÇáÑøóÓõæáö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ
Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÑöÌúáóÇíó Ýöí ÞöÈúáóÊöåö. ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÓóÌóÏó ÛóãóÒóäöí
ÝóÞóÈóÖúÊ ÑöÌúáöí» ãõÊøóÝóÞñ Úóáóíúåö. æóÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ Ãóäøóåõ ÈöáóÇ
ÍóÇÆöáò ; áöÃóäøó ÇáúÃóÕúáó ÚóÏóãõåõ æóáöÃóäøó ÇááøóãúÓó áóíúÓó
ÈöÍóÏóËò. æóÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó ÏóÇÚò Åáóíúåö ÝóÇÚúÊõÈöÑóÊú ÇáúÍóÇáóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí
ÊóÏúÚõæ ÝöíåóÇ Åáóíúåö. æóåöíó ÍóÇáõ ÇáÔøóåúæóÉö. æóÞöíÓó Úóáóíúåö ãóÓøõ
ÇáúãóÑúÃóÉö ÇáÑøóÌõáó æóãóÊóì áóãú íóäúÞõÖú ãóÓøõ ÃõäúËóì ÇõÓúÊõÍöÈøó
ÇáúæõÖõæÁõ äóÕøðÇ (ÈöáóÇ ÍóÇÆöáò) ãõÊóÚóáøöÞñ ÈöáóãúÓò ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó
ÈöÍóÇÆöáò áóãú íóäúÞõÖú. áöÃóäøóåõ áóãú íóáúãöÓú ÇáúÈóÔóÑóÉó ÃóÔúÈóåó
áóãúÓó ÇáËøöíóÇÈö.
æóÇáÔøóåúæóÉõ ÈöãõÌóÑøóÏöåóÇ áóÇ ÊõæÌöÈõ ÇáúæõÖõæÁó ßóãóÇ áóæú æõÌöÏóÊú
ãöäú ÛóíúÑö áóãúÓò (æóáóæú) ßóÇäó ÇááøóãúÓõ (È) ÚõÖúæò (ÒóÇÆöÏò
áöÒóÇÆöÏò) ßóÇáúíóÏö Ãóæú ÇáÑøöÌúáö Ãóæú ÇáúÃõÕúÈõÚö ÇáÒøóÇÆöÏóÉö
ßóÇáúÃóÕúáöíøö (Ãóæú) ßóÇäó ÇááøóãúÓõ áöÚõÖúæò (ÃóÔóáøó) áóÇ äóÝúÚó
Ýöíåö Ãóæú Èöåö (Ãóæú) ßóÇäó ÇááøóãúÓõ áö (ãóíøöÊò) áöáúÚõãõæãö.
æóßóãóÇ íóÌöÈõ ÇáúÛõÓúáõ ÈöæóØúÁö ÇáúãóíøöÊö (Ãóæú) ßóÇäó ÇááøóãúÓõ á
(åóÑöãò Ãóæú ãóÍúÑóãò) áöãóÇ ÓóÈóÞó æ (áóÇ) íóäúÞõÖõ ãóÓøñ ãõØúáóÞðÇ á
(ÔóÚúÑò æóÙõÝúÑò æóÓöäøò) æóáóÇ ÇááøóãúÓõ ÈöåóÇ ; áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÊóäúÝóÕöáõ
Ýöí ÍóÇáö ÇáÓøóáóÇãóÉö ÃóÔúÈóåó áóãúÓó ÇáÏøóãúÚö æóáöÐóáößó áóÇ íóÞóÚõ
ØóáóÇÞñ æóäóÍúæõåõ ÃóæúÞóÚó ÈöåóÇ.
(æó) áóÇ íóäúÞõÖõ áóãúÓõ (ãóäú) áóåóÇ¡ Ãóæú áóåõ (Ïõæäó ÓóÈúÚò)
áöÃóäøóåõ áóíúÓó ãóÍóáøðÇ áöáÔøóåúæóÉö.
(æó) áóÇ áóãúÓõ (ÑóÌõáò áöÃóãúÑóÏó) æóåõæó ÇáÔøóÇÈøõ¡ ØóÑøó ÔóÇÑöÈõåõ
æóáóãú ÊóäúÈõÊú áöÍúíóÊõåõ. ÞóÇáóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÞóÇãõæÓö¡ æóáóæú áöÔóåúæóÉò.
æóßóÐóÇ ãóÓøõ ÇãúÑóÃóÉò ÇãúÑóÃóÉð æóáóæú áöÔóåúæóÉò¡ áöÚóÏóãö ÊóäóÇæõáö
ÇáäøóÕøö áóåõ (æóáóÇ Åäú æóÌóÏó ãóãúÓõæÓñ ÝóÑúÌõåõ Ãóæú ãóáúãõæÓñ
ÔóåúæóÉð) íóÚúäöí áóÇ íóäúÊóÞöÖõ æõÖõæÁõ ãóãúÓõæÓò ÝóÑúÌõåõ ÈöÔóåúæóÉò.
æóÅöäú æõÌöÏóÊú ãöäúåõ ÔóåúæóÉñ¡ æóáóÇ æõÖõæÁõ ãóáúãõæÓò ÈóÏóäõåõ
áöÔóåúæóÉò¡ æóáóæú æõÌöÏóÊú ãöäúåõ ÔóåúæóÉñ. Èóáú íóÎúÊóÕøõ ÇáäøóÞúÖõ
ÈöÇáúãóÇÓøö æóÇááøóÇãöÓö¡ áöÚóÏóãö ÊóäóÇæõáö ÇáäøóÕøö áóåõãóÇ. æóáóÇ
äóÞúÖó ÃóíúÖðÇ ÈöÇäúÊöÔóÇÑò ÈöÝößúÑò Ãóæú ÊóßúÑóÇÑö äóÙóÑò.
(ÇáÓøóÇÏöÓõ: ÛóÓúáõ ãóíøöÊò) ãõÓúáöãðÇ ßóÇäó Ãóæú ßóÇÝöÑðÇ¡ ÕóÛöíÑðÇ
Ãóæú ßóÈöíÑðÇ ÐóßóÑðÇ Ãóæú ÃõäúËóì. áöÃóäøó ÇÈúäó ÚõãóÑó æóÇÈúäó
ÚóÈøóÇÓò ßóÇäóÇ íóÃúãõÑóÇäö ÛóÇÓöáó ÇáúãóíøöÊö ÈöÇáúæõÖõæÁö æóÚóäú ÃóÈöí
åõÑóíúÑóÉó " ÃóÞóáøõ ãóÇ Ýöíåö ÇáúæõÖõæÁõ " æóáóãú íõÚúáóãú áóåõãú
ãõÎóÇáöÝñ ãöäú ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö æóáöÃóäøó ÇáúÛóÇÓöáó áóÇ íóÓúáóãõ ÛóÇáöÈðÇ
ãöäú ãóÓøö ÚóæúÑóÉö ÇáúãóíøöÊö. ÝóÃõÞöíãó ãóÞóÇãóåõ¡ ßóÇáäøóæúãö ãóÚó
ÇáúÍóÏóËö (Ãóæú) ÛóÓúáõ (ÈóÚúÖöåö) Ãóíú ÇáúãóíøöÊö¡ æóáóæú Ýöí ÞóãöíÕò¡
æó (áóÇ) íõäúÊóÞóÖõ æõÖõæÁõåõ (Åäú íóãøóãóåõ) Ãóíú ÇáúãóíøöÊó áöÚõÐúÑò¡
ÇÞúÊöÕóÇÑðÇ Úóáóì ÇáúæóÇÑöÏö.
(1/73)
æóÛóÇÓöáõ ÇáúãóíøöÊö¡ ãóäú íõÞóáøöÈõåõ
æóíõÈóÇÔöÑõåõ¡ áóÇ ãóäú íóÕõÈøõ ÇáúãóÇÁó æóäóÍúæóåõ (ÇáÓøóÇÈöÚõ: Ãóßúáõ
áóÍúãö ÅÈöáò) Úóáöãóåõ Ãóæú Ìóåöáóåõ¡ äöíÆðÇ ßóÇäó Ãóæú ãóØúÈõæÎðÇ¡
ÚóÇáöãðÇ ÈöÇáúÍóÏöíËö Ãóæú áóÇ. áöÍóÏöíËö ÇáúÈóÑóÇÁö Èúäö ÚóÇÒöÈò «Ãóäøó
ÇáÑøóÓõæáó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÓõÆöáó ÃóäóÊóæóÖøóÃõ ãöäú
áõÍõæãö ÇáúÅöÈöáö¿ ÞóÇáó: äóÚóãú. Þöíáó: ÃóäóÊóæóÖøóÃõ ãöäú áõÍõæãö
ÇáúÛóäóãö¿ ÞóÇáó: áóÇ» ÑóæóÇåõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ æóÃóÈõæ ÏóÇæõÏ æóÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ
æóÇÈúäõ ãóÇÌóåú.
æóÚóäú ÌóÇÈöÑö Èúäö ÓóãõÑóÉó ãóÑúÝõæÚðÇ ãöËúáóåõ. ÑóæóÇåõ ãõÓúáöãñ.
ÞóÇáó ÃóÍúãóÏõ: Ýöíåö ÍóÏöíËóÇäö ÕóÍöíÍóÇäö¡ ÍóÏöíËõ ÇáúÈóÑóÇÁö
æóÍóÏöíËõ ÌóÇÈöÑö Èúäö ÓóãõÑóÉó.
ÞóÇáó ÇáúÎóØøóÇÈöíøö: ÐóåóÈó Åáóì åóÐóÇ ÚóÇãøóÉõ ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáúÍóÏöíËö.
æóÏóÚúæóì ÇáäøóÓúÎö Ãóæú Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó ÈöÇáúæõÖõæÁö ÛóÓúáõ
ÇáúíóÏóíúäö ãóÑúÏõæÏóÉñ.
æóÞóÏú ÃóØóÇáó Ýöíåö Ýöí ÔóÑúÍöåö æó " ÅÈöáñ " ÈößóÓúÑóÊóíúäö
æóÊõÓóßøóäõ ÇáúÈóÇÁõ. ÞóÇáó Ýöí ÇáúÞóÇãõæÓö: æóÇÍöÏñ íóÞóÚõ Úóáóì
ÇáúÌóãúÚö. æóáóíúÓó ÈöÌóãúÚò æóáóÇ ÇÓúãö ÌóãúÚò. æóÌóãúÚõåõ ÂÈóÇáñ
(ÊóÚóÈøõÏðÇ) ÝóáóÇ íóÊóÚóÏøóì Åáóì ÛóíúÑöåö (ÝóáóÇ äóÞúÖó) ÈöÃóßúáö ãóÇ
Óöæóì áóÍúãö ÇáúÅöÈöáö ãöäú ÇááøõÍõæãö¡ ÓóæóÇÁñ ßóÇäóÊú ãõÈóÇÍóÉð Ãóæú
ãõÍóÑøóãóÉð æóáóÇ äóÞúÖó (ÈöÊóäóÇæõáö ÈóÞöíøóÉö ÃóÌúÒóÇÆöåóÇ) Ãóíú
ÇáúÅöÈöáö¡ ßóÓóäóÇãöåóÇ æóÞóáúÈöåóÇ æóßóÈöÏöåóÇ æóØöÍóÇáöåóÇ æóßóÑöÔöåóÇ
æóãöÕúÑóÇäöåóÇ. áöÃóäøó ÇáäøóÕøó áóãú íóÊóäóÇæóáúåóÇ.
(æó) áóÇ äóÞúÖó ÃóíúÖðÇ È (ÔõÑúÈö áóÈóäöåóÇ æó) ÔõÑúÈö (ãóÑóÞö
áóÍúãöåóÇ) áöÃóäøó ÇáúÃóÎúÈóÇÑó ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóÉó ÅäøóãóÇ æóÑóÏóÊú Ýöí
ÇááøóÍúãö. æóÇáúÍõßúãõ Ýöíåö ÛóíúÑõ ãóÚúÞõæáö ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÝóÇÞúÊóÕóÑó
Ýöíåö Úóáóì ãóæúÑöÏö ÇáäøóÕøö (ÇáËøóÇãöäõ: ÇáÑøöÏøóÉõ) Úóäú
ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ áöÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: {áóÆöäú ÃóÔúÑóßúÊó áóíóÍúÈóØóäøó
Úóãóáõßó} [ÇáÒãÑ: 65] æóÞóæúáõåõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó
«ÇáØøõåõæÑõ ÔóØúÑõ ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö» æóÇáÑøöÏøóÉõ ÊõÈúØöáõ ÇáúÅöíãóÇäó
ÝóæóÌóÈó Ãóäú ÊõÈúØöáó ãóÇ åõæó ÔóØúÑõåõ.
æóÞóÇáó ÇáúÞóÇÖöí: áóÇ ãóÚúäóì áöÌóÚúáöåóÇ ãöäú ÇáäøóæóÇÞöÖö¡ ãóÚó
æõÌõæÈö ÇáØøóåóÇÑóÉö ÇáúßõÈúÑóì¡ íóÚúäöí ÅÐóÇ ÚóÇÏó áöáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ ÅÐú
æõÌõæÈõ ÇáúÛõÓúáö ãõáóÇÒöãñ áöæõÌõæÈö ÇáúæõÖõæÁö¡ ßóãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ
ÈöÞóæúáöåö (æóßõáøõ) (ãóÇ ÃóæúÌóÈó ÛõÓúáðÇ) (ÛóíúÑó ãóæúÊò ßóÅöÓúáóÇãò
æóÇäúÊöÞóÇáö ãóäöíøò æóäóÍúæöåöãóÇ) ßóÍóíúÖò æóäöÝóÇÓò (ÃóæúÌóÈó
æõÖõæÁðÇ)
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúãóíøöÊõ ÝóáóÇ íóÌöÈõ æõÖõæÁõåõ¡ Èóáú íõÓóäøõ¡ æóÚõáöãó
ãöãøóÇ ÓóÈóÞó: Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ äóÞúÖó ÈöäóÍúæö ßóÐöÈò æóÛöíÈóÉò æóÑóÝóËò
æóÞóÐúÝò. äóÕøðÇ¡ æóáóÇ ÈöÞóåúÞóåóÉò ÈöÍóÇáò. æóáóÇ ÈöÃóßúáö ãóÇ
ãóÓøóÊúåõ ÇáäøóÇÑõ. áóßöäú íõÓóäøõ ÇáúæõÖõæÁõ ãöäú ßóáóÇãò ãõÍóÑøóãò
ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó. æóãöäú ãóÓøö ÇáúãóÑúÃóÉö ÍóíúËõ ÞõáúäóÇ áóÇ íõæÌöÈõ
ÇáúæõÖõæÁó.
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ÇáúÞóåúÞóåóÉö ÖóÚøóÝóåõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ æóÚóÈúÏõ ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäõ ãóåúÏöíøò
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íóÖúÍóßó ÍóÊøóì íóÍúÕõáó ãöäú ÖóÍößöåö ÍóÑúÝóÇäö.
ÐóßóÑóåõ ÇÈúäõ ÚóÞöíáò (æóáóÇ äóÞúÖó ÈöÅöÒóÇáóÉö ÔóÚúÑò æóäóÍúæöåö)
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[ÝóÕúáñ Ýöí ÇáÔøóßøö Ýöí ÇáØøóåóÇÑóÉö
æóãóÇ íóÍúÑõãõ ÈöÍóÏóËò æóÃóÍúßóÇãõ ÇáúãõÕúÍóÝö]
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ÇáúÞóÇãõæÓö: ÇáÔøóßøõ ÎöáóÇÝõ ÇáúíóÞöíäö (Ýöí ØóåóÇÑóÉò) ÈóÚúÏó
ÊóíóÞøõäö ÍóÏóËò (Ãóæú) Ôóßøó Ýöí (ÍóÏóËò) ÈóÚúÏó ÊóíóÞøõäö ØóåóÇÑóÉò
(æóáóæú) ßóÇäó Ôóßøõåõ Ðóáößó (Ýöí ÛóíúÑö ÕóáóÇÉò Èóäóì Úóáóì íóÞöíäöåö)
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Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÇáÑøóÌõáõ íõÎóíøóáõ Åáóíúåö Ãóäøóåõ íóÌöÏõ
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ÇáúÃóãúÑóÇäö ÈöÇáÔøóßøö¡ ÝóæóÌóÈó ÓõÞõæØõåõãóÇ ßóÈóíøöäóÊóíúäö
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ÇáúãõÊóÏóÇÚöíóíúäö ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÇáúÞöÈúáóÉö.
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Èöåö æóÞóØóÚóÊú ÈöÃóäøó ÞóØúÚóåóÇ Èöåö ÕóÍöíÍñ. ÞóÇáóåõ ÇáúãõæóÝøóÞõ Ýöí
ãõÞóÏøöãóÉö ÇáÑøóæúÖóÉö. æóÓóãøóì ãóÇ åõäóÇ íóÞöíäðÇ ÈóÚúÏó æõÑõæÏö
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(æóÅöäú ÊóíóÞøóäóåõãóÇ) Ãóíú ÇáúÍóÏóËó æóÇáØøóåóÇÑóÉó¡ Ãóíú ÊóíóÞøóäó
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(æóÌóåöáó ÃóÓúÈóÞóåõãóÇ) ÈöÃóäú áóãú íóÏúÑö: ÇáúÍóÏóËó ÞóÈúáó
ÇáØøóåóÇÑóÉö Ãóæú ÈöÇáúÚóßúÓö (ÝóÅöäú Ìóåöáó ÞóÈúáóåõãóÇ) ÈöÃóäú áóãú
íóÏúÑö: åóáú ßóÇäó ãõÍúÏöËðÇ Ãóæú ãõÊóØóåøöÑðÇ ÞóÈúáó ÇáÔøõÑõæÞö¿
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æóÇáúÃóÕúáõ ÈóÞóÇÄõåõ áöÃóäøó æõÌõæÏó íóÞöíäö ÇáØøóåóÇÑóÉö Ýöí ÇáúÍóÇáö
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ÚóáöãóåóÇ áöãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó¡ æóßóÐóÇ áóæú ÊóíóÞøóäó ØóåóÇÑóÉð æóÝöÚúáó
ÍóÏóËò¡ Ãóæú ÍóÏóËðÇ æóÝöÚúáó ØóåóÇÑóÉò ÝóÞóØú¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÃóÕúáó Ãóäøó
ãóÇ ÊóíóÞøóäóåõ åõæó ãóÇ ßóÇäó Úóáóíúåö ÞóÈúáó Ðóáößó¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó
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ÇáúãóÊúäö æóãóÇ ÔõØöÈó ãöäúåõ Ýöí ÇáúÍóÇÔöíóÉö
(æóÅöäú ÊóíóÞøóäó Ãóäøó ÇáØøóåóÇÑóÉó Úóäú ÍóÏóËò æóáóãú íóÏúÑö:
ÇáúÍóÏóËó Úóäú ØóåóÇÑóÉò Ãóæú áóÇ) æóÌóåöáó ÃóÓúÈóÞóåõãóÇ (ÝóãõÊóØóåøöÑñ
ãõØúáóÞðÇ) ãõÍúÏöËðÇ ßóÇäó ÞóÈúáó Ðóáößó Ãóæú ãõÊóØóåøöÑðÇ¡
áöÊóíóÞøõäöåö ÑóÝúÚó ÇáúÍóÏóËö ÈöÇáØøóåóÇÑóÉö æóÔóßøöåö Ýöí æõÌõæÏöåö
ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ
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íóÏúÑö: ÇáØøóåóÇÑóÉó Úóäú ÍóÏóËò Ãóæú áóÇ (ÈöÚóßúÓöåóÇ) Ýóíóßõæäõ
ãõÍúÏöËðÇ ãõØúáóÞðÇ¡ ÓóæóÇÁñ ßóÇäó ÞóÈúáó Ðóáößó ãõÍúÏöËðÇ Ãóæú
ãõÊóØóåøöÑðÇ áöÊóíóÞøõäöåö äóÞúÖó ÇáØøóåóÇÑóÉö ÈöÇáúÍóÏóËö æóÔóßøöåö Ýöí
ÇáØøóåóÇÑóÉö ÈóÚúÏóåõ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ßõáøõåõ ÅÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáÔøóßøõ ÞóÈúáó
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ÈöÚóíúäöåö (Ãóæú ÔóÇãøöí ÑöíÍò ãöäú ÃóÍóÏöåöãóÇ áóÇ ÈöÚóíúäöåö) áöÃóäøó
ßõáøó æóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåõãóÇ áóãú íóÊóÍóÞøóÞú ãöäúåõ¡ Ýóåõæó ãõÊóíóÞøöäõ
ÇáØøóåóÇÑóÉö ÔóÇßøñ Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏóËö
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ÝóÑúÌóåõ) áöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÚúáóãõ ÃóíøóåõãóÇ ãóÓøó ÇáúÃóÕúáöíøó ãöäú
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ÇáØøóåóÇÑóÉõ Úóáóì ÃóÍóÏöåöãóÇ áóÇ ÈöÚóíúäöåö (ÇáúÂÎóÑó Ãóæú ÕóÇÝøóåõ
æóÍúÏóåõ ÃóÚóÇÏóÇ) ÕóáóÇÊóåõãóÇ¡ áöÊóíóÞøõäö ßõáøò ãöäúåõãóÇ Ãóäøó
ÃóÍóÏóåõãóÇ ãõÍúÏöËñ.
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áöíóÒõæáó ÇáöÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏõ ÇáøóÐöí ÈóØóáóÊú
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æóáóÇ íõßóÝøóÑõ ãóäú Õóáøóì ãõÍúÏöËðÇ (æó) íóÍúÑõãõ ÃóíúÖðÇ Èöåö
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æóÓóáøóãó «ÇáØøóæóÇÝõ ÈöÇáúÈóíúÊö ÕóáóÇÉñ¡ ÅáøóÇ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóÈóÇÍó
Ýöíåö ÇáúßóáóÇãó» ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ.
(æó) íóÍúÑõãõ Èöåö ÃóíúÖðÇ (ãóÓøõ ãõÕúÍóÝò æóÈóÚúÖöåö) æóáóæú ãöäú
ÕóÛöíÑò. áöÞóæúáöåö ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ æóÊóÚóÇáóì: {áóÇ íóãóÓøõåõ ÅáøóÇ
ÇáúãõØóåøóÑõæäó} [ÇáæÇÞÚÉ: 79] .
æóáöÍóÏöíËö ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÍóÒúãò Úóäú ÃóÈöíåö Úóäú
ÌóÏøöåö «Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ßóÊóÈó Åáóì
Ãóåúáö Çáúíóãóäö ßöÊóÇÈðÇ. æóÝöíåö: áóÇ íóãóÓøõ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó ÅáøóÇ
ØóÇåöÑñ» ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáúÃóËúÑóãõ æóÇáäøóÓóÇÆöíøõ æóÇáÏøóÇÑóÞõØúäöíø
ãõÊøóÕöáðÇ. æóÇÍúÊóÌøó Èöåö ÃóÍúãóÏõ. æóÑóæóÇåõ ãóÇáößñ ãõÑúÓóáðÇ
(ÍóÊøóì ÌöáúÏóåõ) Ãóíú ÇáúãõÕúÍóÝö (æóÍóæóÇÔöíåö) æóãóÇ Ýöíåö ãöäú
æóÑóÞò ÃóÈöíÖó¡ áöÃóäøóåõ íóÔúãóáõåõ ÇÓúãõ ÇáúãõÕúÍóÝö¡ æóíóÏúÎõáõ Ýöí
ÈóíúÚöåö (ÈöíóÏò æóÛóíúÑöåóÇ) ßóÕóÏúÑöåö ÅÐú ßõáøõ ÔóíúÁò áóÇÞóì ÔóíúÆðÇ
ÝóÞóÏú ãóÓøóåõ (ÈöáóÇ ÍóÇÆöáò) ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÈöÍóÇÆöáò áóãú íóÍúÑõãú
áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÓø ÅÐóäú áöáúÍóÇÆöáö.
æó (áóÇ) íóÍúÑõãõ Úóáóì ãõÍúÏöËò (Íóãúáõåõ ÈöÚöáóÇÞóÉò æóÝöí ßöíÓò
æóßõãøò) ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ãóÓøò¡ ßóÍóãúáöåö Ýöí ÑóÍúáöåö. áöÃóäøó Çáäøóåúíó
æóÑóÏó Ýöí ÇáúãóÓøö¡ æóÇáúÍóãúáõ áóíúÓó ÈöãóÓøò.
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Ãóíú Èößõãøöåö (Ãóæú ÈöÚõæÏò) áöãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó æóáóÇ íóÍúÑõãõ Úóáóì
ãõÍúÏöËò ÃóíúÖðÇ (ãóÓøõ ÊóÝúÓöíÑò) æóäóÍúæöåö ßóßõÊõÈö ÝöÞúåò
æóÑóÓóÇÆöáó ÝöíåóÇ ÂíóÇÊñ ãöäú ÞõÑúÂäò ; áöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ íóãóÓøõ
ãõÕúÍóÝðÇ.
(æó) áóÇ íóÍúÑõãõ Úóáóíúåö ÃóíúÖðÇ ãóÓøõ (ãóäúÓõæÎò ÊöáóÇæóÊõåõ)
æóãóÃúËõæÑò Úóäú Çááøóåö ßóÇáÊøóæúÑóÇÉö æóÇáúÅöäúÌöíáö¡ æóáóÇ Íóãúáõ
ÑõÞðì æóÊóÚóÇæöíÐó ÝöíåóÇ ÞõÑúÂäñ æóáóÇ ãóÓøõ ËóæúÈò ÑõÞøöãó ÈöÞõÑúÂäò
Ãóæú ÝöÖøóÉò äõÞöÔóÊú Èöåö.
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Ýöíåö ÞõÑúÂäñ) ãöäú ãóÍóáøò ÎóÇáò ãöäú ÇáúßöÊóÇÈóÉö Ïõæäó ÇáúãóßúÊõæÈö.
æóÅöäú ÑõÝöÚó ÇáúÍóÏóËõ Úóäú ÚõÖúæò áóãú íóÌõÒú ãóÓøõ ÇáúãõÕúÍóÝö Èöåö
ÞóÈúáó ßóãóÇáö ØóåóÇÑóÊöåö
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ÈöäóÌöÓò ÇåÜ.
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æóÇáöÇÊøößóÇÁõ Úóáóíúåö.
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ÞóÇáó ÇáÔøóíúÎõ ÊóÞöíøõ ÇáÏøöíäö: ÅÌúãóÇÚðÇ¡ ÝóíóÌöÈõ ÅÒóÇáóÊõåõ
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ÊóÚúáöíÞõ ÔóíúÁò Ýöíåö ÞõÑúÂäñ íõåóÇäõ Èöåö.
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æóíõÏóÇÓõ.
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ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÇáúÌóæúÒöíøö: Ðóáößó áóÕöíóÇäóÊöåö æóÊóÚúÙöíãöåö. .
æóÑõæöíó Ãóäøó ÚõËúãóÇäó ÏóÝóäó ÇáúãóÕóÇÍöÝó Èóíúäó ÇáúÞóÈúÑö
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æóßóÐóÇ ßõÊõÈõ Úöáúãò ÝöíåóÇ ÞõÑúÂäñ ÊóÚúÙöíãðÇ (æó) ßõÑöåó (ÊóÎóØøöíåö)
æóßóÐóÇ Ñóãúíõåõ ÈöÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÈöáóÇ æóÖúÚò æóáóÇ ÍóÇÌóÉò ÊóÏúÚõæ Åáóíúåö¡
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ÈößóáóÇãö ÇáúÃóÈúÑóÇÑö.
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æóÃóÎúÐõåõ ÇåÜ.
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æóÇÓúÊóÍóÈøóåõ ÇáúÂãöÏöíøõ) áöÃóäøóåõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ
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