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[ÞöÕøóÉõ ÍöÒúÞöíáó]
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ÞöÕøóÉõ ÍöÒúÞöíáó
ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Ãóáóãú ÊóÑó Åöáóì ÇáøóÐöíäó ÎóÑóÌõæÇ ãöäú ÏöíóÇÑöåöãú æóåõãú ÃõáõæÝñ ÍóÐóÑó ÇáúãóæúÊö ÝóÞóÇáó áóåõãõ Çááøóåõ ãõæÊõæÇ Ëõãøó ÃóÍúíóÇåõãú Åöäøó Çááøóåó áóÐõæ ÝóÖúáò Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö æóáóßöäøó ÃóßúËóÑó ÇáäøóÇÓö áóÇ íóÔúßõÑõæäó} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 243] . ÞóÇáó ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó¡ Úóäú æóåúÈö Èúäö ãõäóÈøöåò¡ Åöäøó ßóÇáöÈó Èúäó íõæÝóäøóÇ áóãøóÇ ÞóÈóÖóåõ Çááøóåõ Åöáóíúåö ÈóÚúÏó íõæÔóÚó¡ ÎóáóÝó Ýöí Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó ÍöÒúÞöíáó Èúäó ÈõæÐóì¡ æóåõæó ÇÈúäõ ÇáúÚóÌõæÒö¡ æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÏóÚóÇ áöáúÞóæúãö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÐóßóÑóåõãõ Çááøóåõ Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈöåö¡ ÝöíãóÇ ÈóáóÛóäóÇ: {Ãóáóãú ÊóÑó Åöáóì ÇáøóÐöíäó ÎóÑóÌõæÇ ãöäú ÏöíóÇÑöåöãú æóåõãú ÃõáõæÝñ ÍóÐóÑó ÇáúãóæúÊö} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 243] ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó ÝóÑøõæÇ ãöäó ÇáúæóÈóÇÁö¡ ÝóäóÒóáõæÇ ÈöÕóÚöíÏò ãöäó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó áóåõãõ Çááøóåõ: ãõæÊõæÇ. ÝóãóÇÊõæÇ ÌóãöíÚðÇ¡ ÝóÍóÙóÑõæÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ÍóÙöíÑóÉð Ïõæäó ÇáÓøöÈóÇÚö¡ ÝóãóÖóÊú Úóáóíúåöãú ÏõåõæÑñ ØóæöíáóÉñ¡ ÝóãóÑøó Èöåöãú ÍöÒúÞöíáõ¡ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ ÝóæóÞóÝó Úóáóíúåöãú ãõÊóÝóßøöÑðÇ¡ ÝóÞöíáó áóåõ: ÃóÊõÍöÈøõ Ãóäú íóÈúÚóËóåõãõ Çááøóåõ æóÃóäúÊó ÊóäúÙõÑõ¿ ÝóÞóÇáó: äóÚóãú. ÝóÃõãöÑó Ãóäú íóÏúÚõæó Êöáúßó ÇáúÚöÙóÇãó Ãóäú ÊóßúÊóÓöíó áóÍúãðÇ¡ æóÃóäú íóÊøóÕöáó ÇáúÚóÕóÈõ ÈóÚúÖõåõ ÈöÈóÚúÖò. ÝóäóÇÏóÇåõãú Úóäú ÃóãúÑö Çááøóåö áóåõ ÈöÐóáößó¡ ÝóÞóÇãó ÇáúÞóæúãõ

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[ÞöÕøóÉõ ÇáúíóÓóÚó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ]
æóÞóÏú ÐóßóÑóåõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ãóÚó ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö¡ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö " ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö " Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: {æóÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó æóÇáúíóÓóÚó æóíõæäõÓó æóáõæØðÇ æóßõáøðÇ ÝóÖøóáúäóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó} [ÇáÃäÚÇã: 86]
[ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö: 86] . æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö " Õ ": {æóÇÐúßõÑú ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó æóÇáúíóÓóÚó æóÐóÇ ÇáúßöÝúáö æóßõáøñ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÎúíóÇÑö} [Õ: 48] . ÞóÇáó ÅöÓúÍóÇÞõ Èúäõ ÈöÔúÑò¡ ÃóÈõæ ÍõÐóíúÝóÉó: ÃóäúÈóÃóäóÇ ÓóÚöíÏñ¡ Úóäú ÞóÊóÇÏóÉó¡ Úóäö ÇáúÍóÓóäö¡ ÞóÇáó: ßóÇäó ÈóÚúÏó ÅöáúíóÇÓó¡ ÇáúíóÓóÚõ - ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ - ÝóãóßóËó ãóÇ ÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ Ãóäú íóãúßõËó; íóÏúÚõæåõãú Åöáóì Çááøóåö ãõÓúÊóãúÓößðÇ ÈöãöäúåóÇÌö ÅöáúíóÇÓó æóÔóÑöíÚóÊöåö¡ ÍóÊøóì ÞóÈóÖóåõ Çááøóåõ¡ ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó¡ Åöáóíúåö¡ Ëõãøó ÎóáóÝó Ýöíåöãõ ÇáúÎõáõæÝõ¡ æóÚóÙõãóÊú Ýöíåöãõ ÇáúÃóÍúÏóÇËõ æóÇáúÎóØóÇíóÇ¡ æóßóËõÑóÊö ÇáúÌóÈóÇÈöÑóÉõ¡ æóÞóÊóáõæÇ ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁó¡ æóßóÇäó Ýöíåöãú ãóáóßñ ÌóÈøóÇÑñ ÚóäöíÏñ ØóÇÛò¡ æóíõÞóÇáõ: Åöäøóåõ ÇáøóÐöí ÊóßóÝøóáó áóåõ Ðõæ ÇáúßöÝúáö Åöäú åõæó ÊóÇÈó æóÑóÇÌóÚó¡ ÏóÎóáó ÇáúÌóäøóÉó; ÝóÓõãøöì ÐóÇ ÇáúßöÝúáö. ÞóÇáó ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó: åõæó ÇáúíóÓóÚõ Èúäõ ÃóÎúØõæÈó.
æóÞóÇáó ÇáúÍóÇÝöÙõ ÃóÈõæ ÇáúÞóÇÓöãö Èúäõ ÚóÓóÇßöÑó¡ Ýöí ÍóÑúÝö ÇáúíóÇÁö ãöäú " ÊóÇÑöíÎöåö ": ÇáúíóÓóÚõ; æóåõæó: ÇáúÃóÓúÈóÇØõ Èúäõ ÚóÏöíøö Èúäö ÔõæÊóáúãó Èúäö ÃóÝúÑóÇËöíãó Èúäö íõæÓõÝó Èúäö íóÚúÞõæÈó Èúäö

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ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó Èúäö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÇáúÎóáöíáö. æóíõÞóÇáõ: åõæó ÇÈúäõ Úóãøö ÅöáúíóÇÓó ÇáäøóÈöíøö¡ ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ. æóíõÞóÇáõ: ßóÇäó ãõÓúÊóÎúÝöíðÇ ãóÚóåõ ÈöÌóÈóáö ÞóÇÓöíõæäó ãöäú ãóáößö ÈóÚúáóÈóßøó¡ Ëõãøó ÐóåóÈó ãóÚóåõ ÅöáóíúåóÇ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÑõÝöÚó ÅöáúíóÇÓõ ÎóáóÝóåõ ÇáúíóÓóÚõ Ýóì Þóæúãöåö¡ æóäóÈøóÃóåõ Çááøóåõ ÈóÚúÏóåõ. ÐóßóÑó Ðóáößó ÚóÈúÏõ ÇáúãõäúÚöãö Èúäõ ÅöÏúÑöíÓó Èúäö ÓöäóÇäò¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöíåö¡ Úóäú æóåúÈö Èúäö ãõäóÈøöåò¡ ÞóÇáó: æóÞóÇáó ÛóíúÑõåõ: ßóÇäó ÇáúÃóÓúÈóÇØõ ÈöÈóÇäúíóÇÓó. Ëõãøó ÐóßóÑó ÇÈúäõ ÚóÓóÇßöÑó ÞöÑóÇÁóÉó ãóäú ÞóÑóÃó: ÇáúíóÓóÚõ¡ ÈöÇáÊøóÎúÝöíÝö æóÈöÇáÊøóÔúÏöíÏö¡ æóãóäú ÞóÑóÃó: " ÇááøóíúÓóÚó "¡ æóåõæó ÇÓúãñ æóÇÍöÏñ áöäóÈöíøò ãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö. ÞõáúÊõ: ÞóÏú ÞóÏøóãúäóÇ ÞöÕøóÉó Ðöí ÇáúßöÝúáö ÈóÚúÏó ÞöÕøóÉö ÃóíøõæÈó¡ ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ; áöÃóäøóåõ ÞóÏú Þöíáó: Åöäøóåõ ÇÈúäõ ÃóíøõæÈó¡ ÝóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ ÈöÇáÕøóæóÇÈö.

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[ÝóÕúáñ]
ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÌóÑöíÑò æóÛóíúÑõåõ: Ëõãøó ãóÑóÌó ÃóãúÑõ Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó¡ æóÚóÙõãóÊú Ýöíåöãõ ÇáúÃóÍúÏóÇËõ æóÇáúÎõØõæÈõ æóÇáúÎóØóÇíóÇ¡ æóÞóÊóáõæÇ ãóäú ÞóÊóáõæÇ ãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö¡ æóÓóáøóØó Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåöãú ÈóÏóáó ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö ãõáõæßðÇ ÌóÈøóÇÑöíäó íóÙúáöãõæäóåõãú¡ æóíóÓúÝößõæäó ÏöãóÇÁóåõãú¡ æóÓóáøóØó Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáúÃóÚúÏóÇÁó ãöäú ÛóíúÑöåöãú ÃóíúÖðÇ. æóßóÇäõæÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÞóÇÊóáõæÇ ÃóÍóÏðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÚúÏóÇÁö¡ íóßõæäõ ãóÚóåõãú ÊóÇÈõæÊõ ÇáúãöíËóÇÞö ÇáøóÐöí ßóÇäó Ýöí ÞõÈøóÉö ÇáÒøóãóÇäö¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÐößúÑõåõ¡ ÝóßóÇäõæÇ íõäúÕóÑõæäó ÈöÈóÑóßóÊöåö¡ æóÈöãóÇ ÌóÚóáó Çááøóåõ Ýöíåö ãöäó ÇáÓøößøöíäóÉö æóÇáúÈóÞöíøóÉö¡ ãöãøóÇ ÊóÑóßó Âáõ ãõæÓóì æóÂáõ åóÇÑõæäó¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó Ýöí ÈóÚúÖö ÍõÑõæÈöåöãú ãóÚó Ãóåúáö ÛóÒøóÉó æóÚóÓúÞóáóÇäó¡ ÛóáóÈõæåõãú Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÞóåóÑõæåõãú Úóáóì ÃóÎúÐöåö¡ ÝóÇäúÊóÒóÚõæåõ ãöäú ÃóíúÏöíåöãú¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ Úóáöãó ÈöÐóáößó ãóáößõ Èóäóì ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó¡ Ýöí Ðóáößó ÇáÒøóãóÇäö¡ ãóÇáóÊú ÚõäõÞõåõ ÝóãóÇÊó ßóãóÏðÇ¡ æóÈóÞöíó Èóäõæ ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó ßóÇáúÛóäóãö ÈöáóÇ ÑóÇÚò¡ ÍóÊøóì ÈóÚóËó Çááøóåõ Ýöíåöãú äóÈöíøðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö íõÞóÇáõ áóåõ: Ôóãúæöíáõ. ÝóØóáóÈõæÇ ãöäúåõ Ãóäú íõÞöíãó áóåõãú ãóáößðÇ áöíõÞóÇÊöáõæÇ ãóÚóåõ ÇáúÃóÚúÏóÇÁó¡ ÝóßóÇäó ãöäú ÃóãúÑöåöãú ãóÇ ÓóäóÐúßõÑõåõ ãöãøóÇ ÞóÕøó Çááøóåõ Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈöåö.
ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÌóÑöíÑò ÝóßóÇäó Èóíúäó æóÝóÇÉö íõæÔóÚó Èúäö äõæäò Åöáóì Ãóäøó ÈóÚúËó Çááøóåõ ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó

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Ôóãúæöíáó Èúäó ÈóÇáóì¡ ÃóÑúÈóÚõãöÇÆóÉö ÓóäóÉò æóÓöÊøõæäó ÓóäóÉð. Ëõãøó ÐóßóÑó ÊóÝúÕöíáóåóÇ ÈöãõÏóÏö Çáúãõáõæßö ÇáøóÐöíäó ãõáøößõæÇ Úóáóíúåöãú¡ æóÓóãøóÇåõãú æóÇÍöÏðÇ æóÇÍöÏðÇ¡ ÊóÑóßúäóÇ ÐößúÑóåõãú ÞóÕúÏðÇ.

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[ÞöÕøóÉõ Ôóãúæöíáó]
ó¡ æóÝöíåóÇ ÈóÏóÃó ÃóãúÑõ ÏóÇæõÏó¡ ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ
åõæó Ôóãúæöíáõ - æóíõÞóÇáõ: ÃóÔúãóæöíáõ - Èúäõ ÈóÇáóì Èúäö ÚóáúÞóãóÉó Èúäö íóÑúÎóÇãó Èúäö Ãóáúíóåúæó Èúäö Êóåúæö Èúäö ÕõæÝó Èúäö ÚóáúÞóãóÉó Èúäö ãóÇÍöËó Èúäö ÚóãõæÕóÇ Èúäö ÚöÒúÑöíóÇ. ÞóÇáó ãõÞóÇÊöáñ: åõæó ãöäú ÐõÑøöíøóÉö åóÇÑõæäó. æóÞóÇáó ãõÌóÇåöÏñ: åõæó ÃóÔúãóæöíáõ Èúäõ åóáúÝóÇÞóÇ. æóáóãú íóÑúÝóÚú Ýöí äóÓóÈöåö ÃóßúËóÑó ãöäú åóÐóÇ¡ ÝóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ.
Íóßóì ÇáÓøõÏøöíøõ ÈöÅöÓúäóÇÏöåö¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò¡ æóÇÈúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò¡ æóÃõäóÇÓò ãöäó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö - æóÇáËøóÚúáóÈöíøö - æóÛóíúÑöåöãú; Ãóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ÛóáóÈóÊö ÇáúÚóãóÇáöÞóÉõ ãöäú ÃóÑúÖö ÛóÒøóÉó æóÚóÓúÞóáóÇäó Úóáóì Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó¡ æóÞóÊóáõæÇ ãöäúåõãú ÎóáúÞðÇ ßóËöíÑðÇ¡ æóÓóÈóæúÇ ãöäú ÃóÈúäóÇÆöåöãú ÌóãúÚðÇ ßóËöíÑðÇ¡ æóÇäúÞóØóÚóÊö ÇáäøõÈõæøóÉõ ãöäú ÓöÈúØö áóÇæöí¡ æóáóãú íóÈúÞó Ýöíåöãú ÅöáøóÇ ÇãúÑóÃóÉñ ÍõÈúáóì¡ ÝóÌóÚóáóÊú ÊóÏúÚõæ Çááøóåó ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó Ãóäú íóÑúÒõÞóåóÇ æóáóÏðÇ ÐóßóÑðÇ¡ ÝóæóáóÏóÊú ÛõáóÇãðÇ ÝóÓóãøóÊúåõ ÃóÔúãóæöíáó¡ æóãóÚúäóÇåõ ÈöÇáúÚöÈúÑóÇäöíøóÉö ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ; Ãóíú ÓóãúÚö Çááøóåõ ÏõÚóÇÆöí¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ

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[ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö: 246 - 251] .

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ÞóÇáó ÃóßúËóÑõ ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó: ßóÇäó äóÈöíøõ åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáúÞóæúãö ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑöíäó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÞöÕøóÉö¡ åõæó Ôóãúæöíáó. æóÞöíáó: ÔóãúÚõæäõ. æóÞöíáó: åõãóÇ æóÇÍöÏñ. æóÞöíáó: íõæÔóÚõ. æóåóÐóÇ ÈóÚöíÏñ; áöãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ ÃóÈõæ ÌóÚúÝóÑö Èúäõ ÌóÑöíÑò Ýöí " ÊóÇÑöíÎöåö "¡ Ãóäøó Èóíúäó ãóæúÊö íõæÔóÚó æóÈóÚúËóÉö Ôóãúæöíáó ÃóÑúÈóÚóãöÇÆóÉö ÓóäóÉò æóÓöÊøöíäó ÓóäóÉð. ÝóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ.
æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ Ãóäøó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáúÞóæúãó áóãøóÇ ÃóäúåóßóÊúåõãõ ÇáúÍõÑõæÈõ¡ æóÞóåúÑóåõãõ ÇáúÃóÚúÏóÇÁõ¡ ÓóÃóáõæÇ äóÈöíøó Çááøóåö Ýöí Ðóáößó ÇáÒøóãóÇäö¡ æóØóáóÈõæÇ ãöäúåõ Ãóäú íõäóÕøöÈó áóåõãú ãóáößðÇ íóßõæäõæäó ÊóÍúÊó ØóÇÚóÊöåö; áöíõÞóÇÊöáõæÇ ãöäú æóÑóÇÆöåö æóãóÚóåõ¡ æóÈóíúäó íóÏóíúåö ÇáúÃóÚúÏóÇÁó¡ ÝóÞóÇáó áóåõãú: {åóáú ÚóÓóíúÊõãú Åöäú ßõÊöÈó Úóáóíúßõãõ ÇáúÞöÊóÇáõ ÃóáøóÇ ÊõÞóÇÊöáõæÇ ÞóÇáõæÇ æóãóÇ áóäóÇ ÃóáøóÇ äõÞóÇÊöáó Ýöí ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 246] Ãóíú: æóÃóíøõ ÔóíúÁò íóãúäóÚõäóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö {æóÞóÏú ÃõÎúÑöÌúäóÇ ãöäú ÏöíóÇÑöäóÇ æóÃóÈúäóÇÆöäóÇ} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 246]

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íóÞõæáõæäó: äóÍúäõ ãóÍúÑõæÈõæäó ãóæúÊõæÑõæäó¡ ÝóÍóÞöíÞñ áóäóÇ Ãóäú äõÞóÇÊöáó Úóäú ÃóÈúäóÇÆöäóÇ ÇáúãóäúåõæÈöíäó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÖúÚóÝöíäó Ýöíåöãú¡ ÇáúãóÃúÓõæÑöíäó Ýöí ÞóÈúÖóÊöåöãú. ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóáóãøóÇ ßõÊöÈó Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáúÞöÊóÇáõ ÊóæóáøóæúÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÞóáöíáðÇ ãöäúåõãú æóÇááøóåõ Úóáöíãñ ÈöÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 246] ßóãóÇ ÐóßóÑó Ýöí ÂÎöÑö ÇáúÞöÕøóÉö¡ Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íõÌóÇæöÒö ÇáäøóåúÑó ãóÚó Çáúãóáößö ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÞóáöíáõ¡ æóÇáúÈóÇÞõæäó ÑóÌóÚõæÇ æóäóßóáõæÇ Úóäö ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö: {æóÞóÇáó áóåõãú äóÈöíøõåõãú Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÞóÏú ÈóÚóËó áóßõãú ØóÇáõæÊó ãóáößðÇ} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 247] ÞóÇáó ÇáËøóÚúáóÈöíøõ: æóåõæó ØóÇáõæÊõ Èúäõ ÞóíúÓö Èúäö ÃóÝöíáó Èúäö ÕóÇÑõæ Èúäö äóÍõæÑóÊó Èúäö ÃóÝöíÍó Èúäö ÃóäöíÓó Èúäö ÈöäúíóÇãöíäó Èúäö íóÚúÞõæÈó Èúäö ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó Èúäö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÇáúÎóáöíáö. ÞóÇáó ÚößúÑöãóÉõ æóÇáÓøõÏøöíøõ: ßóÇäó ÓóÞøóÇÁð. æóÞóÇáó æóåúÈõ Èúäõ ãõäóÈøöåò ßóÇäó ÏóÈøóÇÛðÇ. æóÞöíáó ÛóíúÑõ Ðóáößó. ÝóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ. æóáöåóÐóÇ {ÞóÇáõæÇ Ãóäøóì íóßõæäõ áóåõ Çáúãõáúßõ ÚóáóíúäóÇ æóäóÍúäõ ÃóÍóÞøõ ÈöÇáúãõáúßö ãöäúåõ æóáóãú íõÄúÊó ÓóÚóÉð ãöäó ÇáúãóÇáö} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 247] .
æóÞóÏú ÐóßóÑõæÇ Ãóäøó ÇáäøõÈõæøóÉó ßóÇäóÊú Ýöí ÓöÈúØö áóÇæöí¡ æóÃóäøó Çáúãõáúßó ßóÇäó Ýöí ÓöÈúØö íóåõæÐóÇ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ãöäú ÓöÈúØö ÈöäúíóÇãöíäó¡ äóÝóÑõæÇ ãöäúåõ¡ æóØóÚóäõæÇ Ýöí ÅöãóÇÑóÊöåö Úóáóíúåöãú æóÞóÇáõæÇ: äóÍúäõ ÃóÍóÞøõ ÈöÇáúãõáúßö ãöäúåõ. æóÐóßóÑõæÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÝóÞöíÑñ áóÇ ÓöÚóÉó ãöäó ÇáúãóÇáö ãóÚóåõ¡ ÝóßóíúÝó íóßõæäõ ãöËúáõ åóÐóÇ ãóáößðÇ¿ {ÞóÇáó Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÇÕúØóÝóÇåõ Úóáóíúßõãú æóÒóÇÏóåõ ÈóÓúØóÉð Ýöí ÇáúÚöáúãö æóÇáúÌöÓúãö} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 247]

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Þöíáó: ßóÇäó Çááøóåõ ÞóÏú ÃóæúÍóì Åöáóì Ôóãúæöíáó¡ Ãóäøó Ãóíøó Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó ßóÇäó Øõæáõåõ Úóáóì Øõæáö åóÐöåö ÇáúÚóÕóÇ¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ÍóÖóÑó ÚöäúÏóßó íóÝõæÑõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóÑúäõ ÇáøóÐöí Ýöíåö ãöäú Ïõåúäö ÇáúÞõÏúÓö¡ Ýóåõæó ãöáúßõåõãú. ÝóÌóÚóáõæÇ íóÏúÎõáõæäó æóíóÞöíÓõæäó ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú ÈöÊöáúßó ÇáúÚóÕóÇ¡ Ýóáóãú íóßõäú ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäúåõãú Úóáóì ØõæáöåóÇ Óöæóì ØóÇáõæÊó¡ æóáóãøóÇ ÍóÖóÑó ÚöäúÏó Ôóãúæöíáó ÝóÇÑó Ðóáößó ÇáúÞóÑúäõ ÝóÏóåóäóåõ ãöäúåõ æóÚóíøóäóåõ Çáúãóáößó Úóáóíúåöãú¡ æóÞóÇáó áóåõãú: {Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÇÕúØóÝóÇåõ Úóáóíúßõãú æóÒóÇÏóåõ ÈóÓúØóÉð Ýöí ÇáúÚöáúãö} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 247] ; Þöíáó: Ýöí ÃóãúÑö ÇáúÍõÑõæÈö. æóÞöíáó: Èóáú ãõØúáóÞðÇ. " æóÇáúÌöÓúãö " ; Þöíáó: ÇáØøõæáõ. æóÞöíáó: ÇáúÌóãóÇáõ. æóÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ ãöäó ÇáÓøöíóÇÞö Ãóäøóåõ ßóÇäó ÃóÌúãóáóåõãú æóÃóÚúáóãóåõãú ÈóÚúÏó äóÈöíøöåöãú Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ. {æóÇááøóåõ íõÄúÊöí ãõáúßóåõ ãóäú íóÔóÇÁõ} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 247] Ýóáóåõ ÇáúÍõßúãõ¡ æóáóåõ ÇáúÎóáúÞõ æóÇáúÃóãúÑõ {æóÇááøóåõ æóÇÓöÚñ Úóáöíãñ æóÞóÇáó áóåõãú äóÈöíøõåõãú Åöäøó ÂíóÉó ãõáúßöåö Ãóäú íóÃúÊöíóßõãõ ÇáÊøóÇÈõæÊõ Ýöíåö ÓóßöíäóÉñ ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú æóÈóÞöíøóÉñ ãöãøóÇ ÊóÑóßó Âáõ ãõæÓóì æóÂáõ åóÇÑõæäó ÊóÍúãöáõåõ ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉõ Åöäøó Ýöí Ðóáößó áóÂíóÉð áóßõãú Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ãõÄúãöäöíäó} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 247] æóåóÐóÇ ÃóíúÖðÇ ãöäú ÈóÑóßóÉö æöáóÇíóÉö åóÐóÇ ÇáÑøóÌõáö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍö Úóáóíúåöãú æóíõãúäöåö Úóáóíúåöãú; Ãóäú íóÑõÏøó Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáÊøóÇÈõæÊó ÇáøóÐöí ßóÇäó ÓõáöÈó ãöäúåõãú¡ æóÞóåúÑóåõãõ ÇáúÃóÚúÏóÇÁõ Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÞóÏú ßóÇäõæÇ íõäúÕóÑõæäó Úóáóì ÃóÚúÏóÇÆöåöãú ÈöÓóÈóÈöåö. {Ýöíåö ÓóßöíäóÉñ ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 248] ¡ Þöíáó: ØóÓúÊñ ãöäú ÐóåóÈò ßóÇäó íõÛúÓóáõ Ýöíåö ÕõÏõæÑõ ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö. æóÞöíáó: ÇáÓøößøöíäóÉõ ãöËúáõ ÇáÑøöíÍö ÇáúÎóÌõæÌö. æóÞöíáó: ÕõæÑóÊõåóÇ ãöËúáõ ÇáúåöÑøóÉö¡ ÅöÐóÇ ÕóÑóÎóÊú Ýöí ÍóÇáö ÇáúÍóÑúÈö¡ ÃóíúÞóäó Èóäõæ ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó ÈöÇáäøóÕúÑö. {æóÈóÞöíøóÉñ ãöãøóÇ ÊóÑóßó Âáõ ãõæÓóì æóÂáõ åóÇÑõæäó} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 248]

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Þöíáó: ßóÇäó Ýöíåö ÑõÖóÇÖõ ÇáúÃóáúæóÇÍö æóÔóíúÁñ ãöäó Çáúãóäøö ÇáøóÐöí ßóÇäó íóäúÒöáõ Úóáóíúåöãú ÈöÇáÊøöíåö. {ÊóÍúãöáõåõ ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉõ} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 248] Ãóíú; ÊóÃúÊöíßõãú Èöåö ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉõ íóÍúãöáõæäóåõ æóÃóäúÊõãú ÊóÑóæúäó Ðóáößó ÚöíóÇäðÇ; áöíóßõæäó ÂíóÉð áöáøóåö Úóáóíúßõãú æóÍõÌøóÉð ÈóÇåöÑóÉð Úóáóì ÕöÏúÞö ãóÇ ÃóÞõæáõåõ áóßõãú¡ æóÚóáóì ÕöÍøóÉö æöáóÇíóÉö åóÐóÇ Çáúãóáößö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍö Úóáóíúßõãú¡ æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó: {Åöäøó Ýöí Ðóáößó áóÂíóÉð áóßõãú Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ãõÄúãöäöíäó} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 248] æóÞöíáó: Åöäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ÛóáóÈó ÇáúÚóãóÇáöÞóÉõ Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÇÈõæÊö¡ æóßóÇäó Ýöíåö ãóÇ ÐõßöÑó ãöäó ÇáÓøößøöíäóÉö æóÇáúÈóÞöíøóÉö ÇáúãõÈóÇÑóßóÉö - æóÞöíáó: ßóÇäó Ýöíåö ÇáÊøóæúÑóÇÉõ ÃóíúÖðÇ - ÝóáóãøóÇ ÇÓúÊóÞóÑøó Ýöí ÃóíúÏöíåöãú æóÖóÚõæåõ ÊóÍúÊó Õóäóãò áóåõãú ÈöÃóÑúÖöåöãú¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóÕúÈóÍõæÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÇÈõæÊõ Úóáóì ÑóÃúÓö ÇáÕøóäóãö ÝóæóÖóÚõæåõ ÊóÍúÊóåõ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó Çáúíóæúãõ ÇáËøóÇäöí ÅöÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÇÈõæÊõ ÝóæúÞó ÇáÕøóäóãö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÊóßóÑøóÑó åóÐóÇ ÚóáöãõæÇ Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ÃóãúÑñ ãöäó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÝóÃóÎúÑóÌõæåõ ãöäú ÈóáóÏöåöãú¡ æóÌóÚóáõæåõ Ýöí ÞóÑúíóÉò ãöäú ÞõÑóÇåõãú¡ ÝóÃóÎóÐóåõãú ÏóÇÁñ Ýöí ÑöÞóÇÈöåöãú¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ØóÇáó Úóáóíúåöãú åóÐóÇ ÌóÚóáõæåõ Ýöí ÚóÌóáóÉò æóÑóÈóØõæåóÇ Ýöí ÈóÞóÑóÊóíúäö æóÃóÑúÓóáõæåõãóÇ¡ ÝóíõÞóÇáõ: Åöäøó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉó ÓóÇÞóÊúåõãóÇ ÍóÊøóì ÌóÇÁõæÇ ÈöåöãóÇ ãóáóÃó Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó æóåõãú íóäúÙõÑõæäó¡ ßóãóÇ ÃóÎúÈóÑóåõãú äóÈöíøõåõãú ÈöÐóáößó. ÝóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ Úóáóì Ãóíøö ÕöÝóÉò ÌóÇÁóÊú Èöåö ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉõ¡ æóÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ Ãóäøó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉó ßóÇäóÊú ÊóÍúãöáõåõ ÈöÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú¡ ßóãóÇ åõæó ÇáúãóÝúåõæãõ ãöäó ÇáúÂíóÉö. æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ. æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúÃóæøóáõ ÞóÏú ÐóßóÑóåõ ßóËöíÑñ ãöäó ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó Ãóæú ÃóßúËóÑõåõãú. {ÝóáóãøóÇ ÝóÕóáó ØóÇáõæÊõ ÈöÇáúÌõäõæÏö ÞóÇáó Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãõÈúÊóáöíßõãú ÈöäóåóÑò Ýóãóäú ÔóÑöÈó ãöäúåõ ÝóáóíúÓó ãöäøöí æóãóäú áóãú íóØúÚóãúåõ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ãöäøöí ÅöáøóÇ ãóäö ÇÛúÊóÑóÝó ÛõÑúÝóÉð ÈöíóÏöåö} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 249] ÞóÇáó

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ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈøóÇÓò æóßóËöíÑñ ãöäó ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó: åóÐóÇ ÇáäøóåúÑõ åõæó äóåúÑõ ÇáúÃõÑúÏõäøö. æóåõæó ÇáúãõÓóãøóì ÈöÇáÔøóÑöíÚóÉö¡ ÝóßóÇäó ãöäú ÃóãúÑö ØóÇáõæÊó ÈöÌõäõæÏöåö ÚöäúÏó åóÐóÇ ÇáäøóåúÑö¡ Úóäú ÃóãúÑö äóÈöíøö Çááøóåö áóåõ¡ Úóäú ÃóãúÑö Çááøóåö áóåõ¡ ÇÎúÊöÈóÇÑðÇ æóÇãúÊöÍóÇäðÇ; Ãóäøó ãóäú ÔóÑöÈó ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáäøóåúÑö Çáúíóæúãó ÝóáóÇ íóÕúÍóÈõäöí Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÛóÒúæóÉö¡ æóáóÇ íóÕúÍóÈõäöí ÅöáøóÇ ãóäú áóãú íóØúÚóãúåõ¡ ÅöáøóÇ ÛõÑúÝóÉð Ýöí íóÏöåö. ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóÔóÑöÈõæÇ ãöäúåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÞóáöíáðÇ ãöäúåõãú} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 249] ÞóÇáó ÇáÓøõÏøöíøõ: ßóÇäó ÇáúÌóíúÔõ ËóãóÇäöíäó ÃóáúÝðÇ¡ ÝóÔóÑöÈó ãöäúåõ ÓöÊøóÉñ æóÓóÈúÚõæäó ÃóáúÝðÇ¡ æóÊóÈóÞøóìãóÚóåõ ÃóÑúÈóÚóÉõ ÂáóÇÝò. ßóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó.
æóÞóÏú Ñóæóì ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ Ýöí " ÕóÍöíÍöåö "¡ ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó æóÒõåóíúÑò æóÇáËøóæúÑöíøö¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó¡ Úóäö ÇáúÈóÑóÇÁö Èúäö ÚóÇÒöÈò¡ ÞóÇáó: ßõäøóÇ ÃóÕúÍóÇÈó ãõÍóãøóÏò Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ äóÊóÍóÏøóËõ Ãóäøó ÚöÏøóÉó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÈóÏúÑò Úóáóì ÚöÏøóÉö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ØóÇáõæÊó - ÇáøóÐöíäó ÌóÇæóÒõæÇ ãóÚóåõ ÇáäøóåúÑó¡ æóáóãú íõÌóÇæöÒú ãóÚóåõ ÅöáøóÇ ãõÄúãöäñ - ÈöÖúÚóÉó ÚóÔúÑó æóËóáóÇËõãöÇÆóÉö ãõÄúãöäò æóÞóæúáõ ÇáÓøõÏøöíøö Ãóäøó ÚöÏøóÉó ÇáúÌóíúÔö ßóÇäõæÇ ËóãóÇäöíäó ÃóáúÝðÇ¡ Ýöíåö äóÙóÑñ; áöÃóäøó ÃóÑúÖó ÈóíúÊö ÇáúãóÞúÏöÓö áóÇ ÊóÍúÊóãöáõ Ãóäú íóÌúÊóãöÚó ÝöíåóÇ ÌóíúÔõ ãõÞóÇÊöáóÉò íóÈúáõÛõæäó ËóãóÇäöíäó ÃóáúÝðÇ. æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ. ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóáóãøóÇ ÌóÇæóÒóåõ åõæó æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ ãóÚóåõ ÞóÇáõæÇ áóÇ ØóÇÞóÉó áóäóÇ Çáúíóæúãó ÈöÌóÇáõæÊó æóÌõäõæÏöåö} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 249] Ãóíö; ÇÓúÊóÞóáøõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú æóÇÓúÊóÖúÚóÝõæåóÇ Úóäú ãõÞóÇæóãóÉö ÃóÚúÏóÇÆöåöãú ÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö Åöáóì ÞöáøóÊöåöãú æóßóËúÑóÉö ÚóÏóÏö ÚóÏõæøöåöãú {ÞóÇáó ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÙõäøõæäó Ãóäøóåõãú ãõáóÇÞõæ Çááøóåö ßóãú ãöäú ÝöÆóÉò ÞóáöíáóÉò ÛóáóÈóÊú ÝöÆóÉð ßóËöíÑóÉð ÈöÅöÐúäö Çááøóåö æóÇááøóåõ ãóÚó ÇáÕøóÇÈöÑöíäó} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 249]

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; íóÚúäöí: ËóÈøóÊóåõãõ ÇáÔøõÌúÚóÇäõ ãöäúåõãú æóÇáúÝõÑúÓóÇäõ Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö æóÇáúÅöíÞóÇäö¡ ÇáÕøóÇÈöÑõæäó Úóáóì ÇáúÌöáóÇÏö æóÇáúÌöÏóÇáö æóÇáØøöÚóÇäö. {æóáóãøóÇ ÈóÑóÒõæÇ áöÌóÇáõæÊó æóÌõäõæÏöåö ÞóÇáõæÇ ÑóÈøóäóÇ ÃóÝúÑöÛú ÚóáóíúäóÇ ÕóÈúÑðÇ æóËóÈøöÊú ÃóÞúÏóÇãóäóÇ æóÇäúÕõÑúäóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÞóæúãö ÇáúßóÇÝöÑöíäó} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 250] ØóáóÈõæÇ ãöäó Çááøóåö Ãóäú íõÝúÑöÛó Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáÕøóÈúÑó; Ãóíú íóÛúãõÑóåõãú Èöåö ãöäú ÝóæúÞöåöãú¡ ÝóÊóÓúÊóÞöÑøó ÞõáõæÈõåõãú æóáóÇ ÊóÞúáóÞó¡ æóÃóäú íõËóÈøöÊó ÃóÞúÏóÇãóåõãú Ýöí ãóÌóÇáö ÇáúÍóÑúÈö¡ æóãõÚúÊóÑóßö ÇáúÃóÈúØóÇáö¡ æóÍóæúãóÉö ÇáúæóÛóì¡ æóÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö Åöáóì ÇáäøöÒóÇáö¡ ÝóÓóÃóáõæÇ ÇáÊøóËóÈøõÊó ÇáÙøóÇåöÑó æóÇáúÈóÇØöäó¡ æóÃóäú íõäúÒöáó Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáäøóÕúÑó Úóáóì ÃóÚúÏóÇÆöåöãú æóÃóÚúÏóÇÆöåö¡ ãöäó ÇáúßóÇÝöÑöíäó ÇáúÌóÇÍöÏöíäó ÈöÂíóÇÊöåö æóÂáóÇÆöåö¡ ÝóÃóÌóÇÈóåõãõ ÇáúÚóÙöíãõ ÇáúÞóÏöíÑõ ÇáÓøóãöíÚõ ÇáúÈóÕöíÑõ ÇáúÍóßöíãõ ÇáúÎóÈöíÑõ Åöáóì ãóÇ ÓóÃóáõæÇ æóÃóäóÇáóåõãú ãóÇ Åöáóíúåö Ýöíåö ÑóÛöÈõæÇ æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó: {ÝóåóÒóãõæåõãú ÈöÅöÐúäö Çááøóåö} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 251] Ãóíú; ÈöÍóæúáö Çááøóåö áóÇ ÈöÍóæúáöåöãú¡ æóÈöÞõæøóÉö Çááøóåö æóäóÕúÑöåö áóÇ ÈöÞõæøóÊöåöãú æóÚóÏóÏöåöãú¡ ãóÚó ßóËúÑóÉö ÃóÚúÏóÇÆöåöãú æóßóãóÇáö ÚóÏóÏöåöãú¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóáóÞóÏú äóÕóÑóßõãõ Çááøóåõ ÈöÈóÏúÑò æóÃóäúÊõãú ÃóÐöáøóÉñ ÝóÇÊøóÞõæÇ Çááøóåó áóÚóáøóßõãú ÊóÔúßõÑõæäó} [Âá ÚãÑÇä: 123] .
æóÞóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÞóÊóáó ÏóÇæõÏõ ÌóÇáõæÊó æóÂÊóÇåõ Çááøóåõ Çáúãõáúßó æóÇáúÍößúãóÉó æóÚóáøóãóåõ ãöãøóÇ íóÔóÇÁõ} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 251] Ýöíåö ÏóáóÇáóÉñ Úóáóì ÔóÌóÇÚóÉö ÏóÇæõÏó¡ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ÞóÊóáóåõ ÞóÊúáðÇ ÃóÐóáøó Èöåö ÌõäúÏóåõ æóßóÓøóÑó ÌóíúÔóåõ¡ æóáóÇ ÃóÚúÙóãó ãöäú ÛóÒúæóÉò íóÞúÊõáõ ÝöíåóÇ ãóáößñ ÚóÏõæøóåõ¡ ÝóíóÛúäóãõ ÈöÓóÈóÈö Ðóáößó ÇáúÃóãúæóÇáó ÇáúÌóÒöíáóÉó¡ æóíóÃúÓöÑõ ÇáúÃóÈúØóÇáó

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æóÇáÔøõÌúÚóÇäó æóÇáúÃóÞúÑóÇäó¡ æóÊóÚúáõæ ßóáöãóÉõ ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö Úóáóì ÇáúÃóæúËóÇäö¡ æóíõÏóÇáõ áöÃóæúáöíóÇÁö Çááøóåö Úóáóì ÃóÚúÏóÇÆöåö¡ æóíóÙúåóÑõ ÇáÏøöíäõ ÇáúÍóÞøõ Úóáóì ÇáúÈóÇØöáö æóÃóæúáöíóÇÆöåö. æóÞóÏú ÐóßóÑó ÇáÓøõÏøöíøõ ÝöíãóÇ íóÑúæöíåö Ãóäøó ÏóÇæõÏó¡ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ ßóÇäó ÃóÕúÛóÑó ÃóæúáóÇÏö ÃóÈöíåö¡ æóßóÇäõæÇ ËóáóÇËóÉó ÚóÔóÑó ÐóßóÑðÇ¡ ßóÇäó ÓóãöÚó ØóÇáõæÊõ ãóáößó Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó æóåõæó íõÍóÑøöÖõ Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó Úóáóì ÞóÊúáö ÌóÇáõæÊó æóÌõäõæÏöåö¡ æóåõæó íóÞõæáõ: ãóäú ÞóÊóáó ÌóÇáõæÊó ÒóæøóÌúÊõåõ ÈöÇÈúäóÊöí¡ æóÃóÔúÑóßúÊõåõ Ýöí ãõáúßöí. æóßóÇäó ÏóÇæõÏõ¡ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ íóÑúãöí ÈöÇáúÞóÐøóÇÝóÉö - æóåõæó ÇáúãöÞúáóÇÚõ - ÑóãúíðÇ ÚóÙöíãðÇ¡ ÝóÈóíúäóÇ åõæó ÓóÇÆöÑñ ãóÚó Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó ÅöÐú äóÇÏóÇåõ ÍóÌóÑñ¡ Ãóäú ÎõÐúäöí ÝóÅöäøó Èöí ÊóÞúÊõáõ ÌóÇáõæÊó. ÝóÃóÎóÐóåõ¡ Ëõãøó ÍóÌóÑñ ÂÎóÑõ ßóÐóáößó¡ Ëõãøó ÂÎóÑõ ßóÐóáößó¡ ÝóÃóÎóÐó ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉó Ýöí ãöÎúáóÇÊöåö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÊóæóÇÌóåó ÇáÕøóÝøóÇäö¡ ÈóÑóÒó ÌóÇáõæÊõ æóÏóÚóÇ Åöáóì äóÝúÓöåö¡ ÝóÊóÞóÏøóãó Åöáóíúåö ÏóÇæõÏõ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó áóåõ: ÇÑúÌöÚú¡ ÝóÅöäøöí ÃóßúÑóåõ ÞóÊúáóßó. ÝóÞóÇáó: áóßöäøöí ÃõÍöÈøõ ÞóÊúáóßó. æóÃóÎóÐó Êöáúßó ÇáúÃóÍúÌóÇÑó ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉó ãöäú ãöÎúáóÇÊöåö ÝóæóÖóÚóåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÞóÐøóÇÝóÉö Ëõãøó ÃóÏóÇÑóåóÇ¡ ÝóÕóÇÑóÊö ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉõ ÍóÌóÑðÇ æóÇÍöÏðÇ¡ Ëõãøó Ñóãóì ÈöåóÇ ÌóÇáõæÊó ÝóÝóáóÞó ÑóÃóÓóåõ¡ æóÝóÑøó ÌóíúÔõåõ ãõäúåóÒöãðÇ¡ ÝóæóÝøóì áóåõ ØóÇáõæÊõ ÈöãóÇ æóÚóÏóåõ; ÝóÒóæøóÌóåõ ÇÈúäóÊóåõ æóÃóÌúÑóì Íõßúãóåõ Ýöí ãõáúßöåö¡ æóÚóÙõãó ÏóÇæõÏõ¡ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ ÚöäúÏó Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó¡ æóÃóÍóÈøõæåõ æóãóÇáõæÇ Åöáóíúåö ÃóßúËóÑó ãöäú ØóÇáõæÊó¡ ÝóÐóßóÑõæÇ Ãóäøó ØóÇáõæÊó ÍóÓóÏóåõ æóÃóÑóÇÏó ÞóÊúáóåõ¡ æóÇÍúÊóÇáó Úóáóì Ðóáößó¡ Ýóáóãú íóÕöáú Åöáóíúåö¡ æóÌóÚóáó ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁõ íóäúåóæúäó ØóÇáõæÊó Úóäú ÞóÊúáö ÏóÇæõÏó¡ ÝóÊóÓóáøóØó Úóáóíúåöãú ÝóÞóÊóáóåõãú¡ ÍóÊøóì áóãú íóÈúÞó ãöäúåõãú ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÞóáöíáõ¡ Ëõãøó ÍóÕóáó áóåõ ÊóæúÈóÉñ æóäóÏóãñ æóÅöÞúáóÇÚñ ÚóãøóÇ ÓóáóÝó ãöäúåõ¡ æóÌóÚóáó íõßúËöÑõ ãöäó ÇáúÈõßóÇÁö¡

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æóíóÎúÑõÌõ Åöáóì ÇáúÌóÈøóÇäóÉö ÝóíóÈúßöí ÍóÊøóì íóÈõáøó ÇáËøóÑóì ÈöÏõãõæÚöåö¡ ÝóäõæÏöíó ÐóÇÊó íóæúãò ãöäó ÇáúÌóÈøóÇäóÉö: Ãóäú íóÇ ØóÇáõæÊõ¡ ÞóÊóáúÊóäóÇ æóäóÍúäõ ÃóÍúíóÇÁñ¡ æóÂÐóíúÊóäóÇ æóäóÍúäõ ÃóãúæóÇÊñ. ÝóÇÒúÏóÇÏó áöÐóáößó ÈõßóÇÄõåõ æóÎóæúÝõåõ¡ æóÇÔúÊóÏøó æóÌóáõåõ¡ Ëõãøó ÌóÚóáó íóÓúÃóáõ Úóäú ÚóÇáöãò íóÓúÃóáõåõ Úóäú ÃóãúÑöåö¡ æóåóáú áóåõ ãöäú ÊóæúÈóÉò¡ ÝóÞöíáó áóåõ: æóåóáú ÃóÈúÞóíúÊó ÚóÇáöãðÇ¿ ÍóÊøóì Ïõáøó Úóáóì ÇãúÑóÃóÉò ãöäó ÇáúÚóÇÈöÏóÇÊö¡ ÝóÃóÎóÐóÊúåõ ÝóÐóåóÈóÊú Èöåö Åöáóì ÞóÈúÑö íõæÔóÚó¡ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ ÞóÇáõæÇ: ÝóÏóÚóÊö Çááøóåó ÝóÞóÇãó íõæÔóÚõ ãöäú ÞóÈúÑöåö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: ÃóÞóÇãóÊö ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉõ¿ ÝóÞóÇáóÊú: áóÇ æóáóßöäøó åóÐóÇ ØóÇáõæÊõ íóÓúÃóáõßó: åóáú áóåõ ãöäú ÊóæúÈóÉò¿ ÝóÞóÇáó: äóÚóãú¡ íóäúÎóáöÚõ ãöäó Çáúãõáúßö¡ æóíóÐúåóÈõ ÝóíõÞóÇÊöáõ Ýöí ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö ÍóÊøóì íõÞúÊóáó. Ëõãøó ÚóÇÏó ãóíøöÊðÇ. ÝóÊóÑóßó Çáúãõáúßó áöÏóÇæõÏó¡ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ æóÐóåóÈó æóãóÚóåõ ËóáóÇËóÉó ÚóÔóÑó ãöäú ÃóæúáóÇÏöåö¡ ÝóÞóÇÊóáõæÇ Ýöí ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö ÍóÊøóì ÞõÊöáõæÇ. ÞóÇáõæÇ: ÝóÐóáößó Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÂÊóÇåõ Çááøóåõ Çáúãõáúßó æóÇáúÍößúãóÉó æóÚóáøóãóåõ ãöãøóÇ íóÔóÇÁõ} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 251] åóßóÐóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ ÇÈúäõ ÌóÑöíÑò Ýöí " ÊóÇÑöíÎöåö " ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ÇáÓøõÏøöíøö ÈöÅöÓúäóÇÏöåö. æóÝöí ÈóÚúÖö åóÐóÇ äóÙóÑñ æóäóßóÇÑóÉñ. æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ.
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