ÇáÈÏÇíÉ æÇáäåÇíÉ¡ Ø. ÏÇÑ åÌÑ
[ÈóÇÈõ ÐößúÑö ÌóãóÇÚóÉò ãöäú ÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö
Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó ÈóÚúÏó ãõæÓóì Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ]
[ÞöÕøóÉõ ÍöÒúÞöíáó]
Ëõãøó äõÊúÈöÚõåõãú ÈöÐößúÑö ÏóÇæõÏó æóÓõáóíúãóÇäó¡ ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ
ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ. ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÌóÑöíÑò¡ Ýöí " ÊóÇÑöíÎöåö ": áóÇ ÎöáóÇÝó
Èóíúäö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÃóÎúÈóÇÑö ÇáúãóÇÖöíäó¡ æóÃõãõæÑö
ÇáÓøóÇáöÝöíäö ãöäú ÃõãøóÊöäóÇ¡ æóÛóíúÑöåöãú; Ãóäøó ÇáúÞóíøöãó
ÈöÃõãõæÑö Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó ÈóÚúÏó íõæÔóÚó¡ ßóÇáöÈõ Èúäõ íõæÝóäøóÇ.
íóÚúäöí ÃóÍóÏó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ãõæÓóì¡ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ æóåõæó ÒóæúÌõ
ÃõÎúÊöåö ãóÑúíóãó¡ æóåõæó ÃóÍóÏõ ÇáÑøóÌõáóíúäö ÇááøóÐóíúäö ãöãøóäú
íóÎóÇÝõæäó Çááøóåó¡ æóåõãóÇ íõæÔóÚõ¡ æóßóÇáöÈõ æóåõãóÇ ÇáúÞóÇÆöáóÇäö
áöÈóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó Íöíäó äóßóáõæÇ Úóäö ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö: {ÇÏúÎõáõæÇ
Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáúÈóÇÈó ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÏóÎóáúÊõãõæåõ ÝóÅöäøóßõãú ÛóÇáöÈõæäó
æóÚóáóì Çááøóåö ÝóÊóæóßøóáõæÇ Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ãõÄúãöäöíäó} [ÇáãÇÆÏÉ:
23] . ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÌóÑöíÑò Ëõãøó ãöäú ÈóÚúÏöåö ßóÇäó ÇáúÞóÇÆöãõ
ÈöÃõãõæÑö Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó ÍöÒöÞúíáó Èúäó ÈõæÐóì. æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí
ÏóÚóÇ Çááøóåó ÝóÃóÍúíóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÎóÑóÌõæÇ ãöäú ÏöíóÇÑöåöãú æóåõãú
ÃõáõæÝñ ÍóÐóÑó ÇáúãóæúÊö.
(2/279)
ÞöÕøóÉõ ÍöÒúÞöíáó
ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Ãóáóãú ÊóÑó Åöáóì ÇáøóÐöíäó ÎóÑóÌõæÇ ãöäú
ÏöíóÇÑöåöãú æóåõãú ÃõáõæÝñ ÍóÐóÑó ÇáúãóæúÊö ÝóÞóÇáó áóåõãõ Çááøóåõ
ãõæÊõæÇ Ëõãøó ÃóÍúíóÇåõãú Åöäøó Çááøóåó áóÐõæ ÝóÖúáò Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö
æóáóßöäøó ÃóßúËóÑó ÇáäøóÇÓö áóÇ íóÔúßõÑõæäó} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 243] . ÞóÇáó
ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó¡ Úóäú æóåúÈö Èúäö ãõäóÈøöåò¡ Åöäøó ßóÇáöÈó
Èúäó íõæÝóäøóÇ áóãøóÇ ÞóÈóÖóåõ Çááøóåõ Åöáóíúåö ÈóÚúÏó íõæÔóÚó¡
ÎóáóÝó Ýöí Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó ÍöÒúÞöíáó Èúäó ÈõæÐóì¡ æóåõæó ÇÈúäõ
ÇáúÚóÌõæÒö¡ æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÏóÚóÇ áöáúÞóæúãö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÐóßóÑóåõãõ
Çááøóåõ Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈöåö¡ ÝöíãóÇ ÈóáóÛóäóÇ: {Ãóáóãú ÊóÑó Åöáóì
ÇáøóÐöíäó ÎóÑóÌõæÇ ãöäú ÏöíóÇÑöåöãú æóåõãú ÃõáõæÝñ ÍóÐóÑó ÇáúãóæúÊö}
[ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 243] ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó ÝóÑøõæÇ ãöäó ÇáúæóÈóÇÁö¡
ÝóäóÒóáõæÇ ÈöÕóÚöíÏò ãöäó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó áóåõãõ Çááøóåõ:
ãõæÊõæÇ. ÝóãóÇÊõæÇ ÌóãöíÚðÇ¡ ÝóÍóÙóÑõæÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ÍóÙöíÑóÉð Ïõæäó
ÇáÓøöÈóÇÚö¡ ÝóãóÖóÊú Úóáóíúåöãú ÏõåõæÑñ ØóæöíáóÉñ¡ ÝóãóÑøó Èöåöãú
ÍöÒúÞöíáõ¡ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ ÝóæóÞóÝó Úóáóíúåöãú ãõÊóÝóßøöÑðÇ¡
ÝóÞöíáó áóåõ: ÃóÊõÍöÈøõ Ãóäú íóÈúÚóËóåõãõ Çááøóåõ æóÃóäúÊó ÊóäúÙõÑõ¿
ÝóÞóÇáó: äóÚóãú. ÝóÃõãöÑó Ãóäú íóÏúÚõæó Êöáúßó ÇáúÚöÙóÇãó Ãóäú
ÊóßúÊóÓöíó áóÍúãðÇ¡ æóÃóäú íóÊøóÕöáó ÇáúÚóÕóÈõ ÈóÚúÖõåõ ÈöÈóÚúÖò.
ÝóäóÇÏóÇåõãú Úóäú ÃóãúÑö Çááøóåö áóåõ ÈöÐóáößó¡ ÝóÞóÇãó ÇáúÞóæúãõ
(2/280)
ÃóÌúãóÚõæäó¡ æóßóÈøóÑõæÇ ÊóßúÈöíÑóÉó
ÑóÌõáò æóÇÍöÏò. æóÞóÇáó ÃóÓúÈóÇØñ¡ Úóäö ÇáÓøõÏøöíøö¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí
ãóÇáößò¡ æóÚóäú ÃóÈöí ÕóÇáöÍò¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò¡ æóÚóäú ãõÑøóÉó¡
Úóäö ÇÈúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò¡ æóÚóäú ÃõäóÇÓò ãöäó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö¡ Ýöí
Þóæúáöåö: {Ãóáóãú ÊóÑó Åöáóì ÇáøóÐöíäó ÎóÑóÌõæÇ ãöäú ÏöíóÇÑöåöãú
æóåõãú ÃõáõæÝñ ÍóÐóÑó ÇáúãóæúÊö ÝóÞóÇáó áóåõãõ Çááøóåõ ãõæÊõæÇ Ëõãøó
ÃóÍúíóÇåõãú} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 243] ÞóÇáõæÇ: ßóÇäóÊú ÞóÑúíóÉñ íõÞóÇáõ áóåóÇ:
" ÏóÇæóÑúÏóÇäõ "¡ ÞöÈóáó " æóÇÓöØó " æóÞóÚó ÈöåóÇ ÇáØøóÇÚõæäõ
ÝóåóÑóÈó ÚóÇãøóÉõ ÃóåúáöåóÇ¡ ÝóäóÒóáõæÇ äóÇÍöíóÉð ãöäúåóÇ¡ Ýóåóáóßó
ãóäú ÈóÞöíó Ýöí ÇáúÞóÑúíóÉö¡ æóÓóáöãó ÇáúÂÎóÑõæäó¡ Ýóáóãú íóãõÊú
ãöäúåõãú ßóËöíÑñ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÇÑúÊóÝóÚó ÇáØøóÇÚõæäõ¡ ÑóÌóÚõæÇ
ÓóÇáöãöíäó¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÈóÞõæÇ: ÃóÕúÍóÇÈõäóÇ åóÄõáóÇÁö ßóÇäõæÇ
ÃóÍúÒóãó ãöäøóÇ¡ áóæú ÕóäóÚúäóÇ ßóãóÇ ÕóäóÚõæÇ ÈóÞöíäóÇ¡ æóáóÆöäú
æóÞóÚó ÇáØøóÇÚõæäõ ËóÇäöíóÉð áóäóÎúÑõÌóäøó ãóÚóåõãú. ÝóæóÞóÚó Ýöí
ÞóÇÈöáò¡ ÝóåóÑóÈõæÇ æóåõãú ÈöÖúÚóÉñ æóËóáóÇËõæäó ÃóáúÝðÇ¡ ÍóÊøóì
äóÒóáõæÇ Ðóáößó ÇáúãóßóÇäó¡ æóåõæó æóÇÏò ÃóÝúíóÍõ¡ ÝóäóÇÏóÇåõãú
ãóáóßñ ãöäú ÃóÓúÝóáö ÇáúæóÇÏöí¡ æóÂÎóÑõ ãöäú ÃóÚúáóÇåõ: Ãóäú
ãõæÊõæÇ. ÝóãóÇÊõæÇ¡ ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ åóáóßõæÇ¡ æóÈóÞöíóÊú ÃóÌúÓóÇÏõåõãú¡
ãóÑøó Èöåöãú äóÈöíøñ¡ íõÞóÇáõ áóåõ: ÍöÒúÞöíáõ. ÝóáóãøóÇ ÑóÂåõãú
æóÞóÝó Úóáóíúåöãú¡ ÝóÌóÚóáó íóÊóÝóßøóÑõ Ýöíåöãú æóíóáúæöí ÔöÏúÞóíúåö
æóÃóÕóÇÈöÚóåõ¡ ÝóÃóæúÍóì Çááøóåõ Åöáóíúåö: ÊõÑöíÏõ Ãóäú ÃõÑöíóßó
ßóíúÝó ÃõÍúíöíåöãú¿ ÞóÇáó: äóÚóãú. æóÅöäøóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÊóÝóßøõÑõåõ
Ãóäøóåõ ÊóÚóÌøóÈó ãöäú ÞõÏúÑóÉö Çááøóåö Úóáóíúåöãú¡ ÝóÞöíáó áóåõ:
äóÇÏö. ÝóäóÇÏóì: íóÇ ÃóíøóÊõåóÇ ÇáúÚöÙóÇãõ¡ Åöäøó Çááøóåó íóÃúãõÑõßö
Ãóäú ÊóÌúÊóãöÚöí. ÝóÌóÚóáóÊö ÇáúÚöÙóÇãõ
(2/281)
íóØöíÑõ ÈóÚúÖõåóÇ Åöáóì ÈóÚúÖò¡ ÍóÊøóì
ßóÇäóÊú ÃóÌúÓóÇÏðÇ ãöäú ÚöÙóÇãò¡ Ëõãøó ÃóæúÍóì Çááøóåõ Åöáóíúåö;
Ãóäú äóÇÏö: íóÇ ÃóíøóÊõåóÇ ÇáúÚöÙóÇãõ Åöäøó Çááøóåó íóÃúãõÑõßö Ãóäú
ÊóßúÊóÓöí áóÍúãðÇ. ÝóÇßúÊóÓóÊú áóÍúãðÇ¡ æóÏóãðÇ¡ æóËöíóÇÈóåóÇ
ÇáøóÊöí ãóÇÊóÊú ÝöíåóÇ. Ëõãøó Þöíáó áóåõ: äóÇÏö. ÝóäóÇÏóì:
ÃóíøóÊõåóÇ ÇáúÃóÌúÓóÇÏõ¡ Åöäøó Çááøóåó íóÃúãõÑõßö Ãóäú ÊóÞõæãöí.
ÝóÞóÇãõæÇ. ÞóÇáó ÃóÓúÈóÇØñ: ÝóÒóÚóãó ãóäúÕõæÑñ¡ Úóäú ãõÌóÇåöÏò¡
Ãóäøóåõãú ÞóÇáõæÇ Íöíäó ÃõÍúíõæúÇ: ÓõÈúÍóÇäóßó ÑóÈøóäóÇ¡
æóÈöÍóãúÏößó¡ áóÇ Åöáóåó ÅöáøóÇ ÃóäúÊó. ÝóÑóÌóÚõæÇ Åöáóì Þóæúãöåöãú
ÃóÍúíóÇÁð¡ íóÚúÑöÝõæäó Ãóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ ãóæúÊóì¡ ÓóÍúäóÉó ÇáúãóæúÊö
Úóáóì æõÌõæåöåöãú¡ áóÇ íóáúÈóÓõæäó ËóæúÈðÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÚóÇÏó ßóÝóäðÇ
ÏóÓúãðÇ¡ ÍóÊøóì ãóÇÊõæÇ áöÂÌóÇáöåöãõ ÇáøóÊöì ßõÊöÈóÊú áóåõãú. æóÚóäö
ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò; Ãóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ ÃóÑúÈóÚóÉó ÂáóÇÝò. æóÚóäúåõ:
ËóãóÇäöíóÉó ÂáóÇÝò. æóÚóäú ÃóÈöí ÕóÇáöÍò: ÊöÓúÚóÉó ÂáóÇÝò. æóÚóäö
ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò ÃóíúÖðÇ: ßóÇäõæÇ ÃóÑúÈóÚöíäó ÃóáúÝðÇ. æóÚóäú ÓóÚöíÏö
Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÚóÒöíÒö: ßóÇäõæÇ ãöäú Ãóåúáö " ÃóÐóÑöÚóÇÊò ". æóÞóÇáó
ÇÈúäõ ÌõÑóíúÌò¡ Úóäú ÚóØóÇÁò: åóÐóÇ ãóËóáñ. íóÚúäöí Ãóäøóåõ ÓöíÞó
ãóËóáðÇ ãõÈóíøöäðÇ Ãóäøóåõ áóäú íõÛúäöíó ÍóÐóÑñ ãöäú ÞóÏóÑò.
æóÞóæúáõ ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑö ÃóÞúæóì; Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ æóÞóÚó.
æóÞóÏú Ñóæóì ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ æóÕóÇÍöÈóÇ " ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö " ãöäú
ØóÑöíÞö ÇáÒøõåúÑöíøö¡ Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÍóãöíÏö Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö
Èúäö ÒóíúÏö Èúäö ÇáúÎóØøóÇÈö¡ Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö
Çááøóåö Èúäö ÇáúÍóÇÑöËö
(2/282)
Èúäö äóæúÝóáò¡ Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö
ÚóÈøóÇÓò¡ Ãóäøó ÚõãóÑó Èúäó ÇáúÎóØøóÇÈö ÎóÑóÌó Åöáóì ÇáÔøóÇãö¡
ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÈöÓóÑúÛò¡ áóÞöíóåõ ÃõãóÑóÇÁõ ÇáúÃóÌúäóÇÏö¡ ÃóÈõæ
ÚõÈóíúÏóÉó Èúäõ ÇáúÌóÑøóÇÍö¡ æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈõåõ¡ ÝóÃóÎúÈóÑõæåõ Ãóäøó
ÇáúæóÈóÇÁó æóÞóÚó ÈöÇáÔøóÇãö¡ ÝóÐóßóÑó ÇáúÍóÏöíËó. íóÚúäöí Ýöí
ãõÔóÇæóÑóÊöåö ÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑöíäó æóÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑó¡ ÝóÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ
Úóáóíúåö¡ ÝóÌóÇÁóåõ ÚóÈúÏõ ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäõ ÚóæúÝò¡ æóßóÇäó
ãõÊóÛóíøöÈðÇ ÈöÈóÚúÖö ÍóÇÌóÊöåö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: Åöäøó ÚöäúÏöí ãöäú åóÐóÇ
ÚöáúãðÇ; ÓóãöÚúÊõ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó
íóÞõæáõ: «ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÈöÃóÑúÖò æóÃóäúÊõãú ÈöåóÇ¡ ÝóáóÇ ÊóÎúÑõÌõæÇ
ÝöÑóÇÑðÇ ãöäúåõ¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ÓóãöÚúÊõãú Èöåö ÈöÃóÑúÖò; ÝóáóÇ ÊóÞúÏóãõæÇ
Úóáóíúåö» ÝóÍóãöÏó Çááøóåó ÚõãóÑõ Ëõãøó ÇäúÕóÑóÝó.
æóÞóÇáó ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÍóÌøóÇÌñ æóíóÒöíÏõ
ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÞóÇáóÇ: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÇÈúäõ ÃóÈöí ÐöÆúÈò¡ Úóäö ÇáÒøõåúÑöíøö¡
Úóäú ÓóÇáöãò¡ Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÚóÇãöÑö Èúäö ÑóÈöíÚóÉó¡ Ãóäøó
ÚóÈúÏó ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäó ÚóæúÝò ÃóÎúÈóÑó ÚõãóÑõ æóåõæó Ýöí ÇáÔøóÇãö¡
Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «Åöäøó åóÐóÇ
ÇáÓøóÞóãó ÚõÐøöÈó Èöåö ÇáúÃõãóãõ ÞóÈúáóßõãú¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÓóãöÚúÊõãú Èöåö
Ýöí ÃóÑúÖò ÝóáóÇ ÊóÏúÎõáõæåóÇ¡ æóÅöÐóÇ æóÞóÚó ÈöÃóÑúÖò æóÃóäúÊõãú
ÈöåóÇ¡ ÝóáóÇ ÊóÎúÑõÌõæÇ ÝöÑóÇÑðÇ ãöäúåõ» ÞóÇáó: ÝóÑóÌóÚó ÚõãóÑõ ãöäó
ÇáÔøóÇãö. æóÃóÎúÑóÌóÇåõ ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ãóÇáößò Úóäö ÇáÒøõåúÑöíøö¡
ÈöäóÍúæöåö.
ÞóÇáó ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó: æóáóãú íóÐúßõÑú áóäóÇ ãõÏøóÉó áõÈúËö
ÍöÒöÞúíáó Ýöí Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó¡ Ëõãøó Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÞóÈóÖóåõ
Åöáóíúåö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÞõÈöÖó äóÓöíó Èóäõæ ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó ÚóåúÏó Çááøóåö
Åöáóíúåöãú¡ æóÚóÙõãóÊú
(2/283)
Ýöíåöãõ ÇáúÃóÍúÏóÇËõ¡ æóÚóÈóÏõæÇ
ÇáúÃóæúËóÇäó¡ æóßóÇäó Ýöí ÌõãúáóÉö ãóÇ íóÚúÈõÏõæäóåõ ãöäó
ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãö¡ Õóäóãñ íõÞóÇáõ áóåõ: ÈóÚúáñ. ÝóÈóÚóËó Çááøóåõ
Åöáóíúåöãú ÅöáúíóÇÓó Èúäó íóÇÓöíóäó Èúäö ÝöäúÍóÇÕó Èúäö ÇáúÚóíúÒóÇÑö
Èúäö åóÇÑõæäó Èúäö ÚöãúÑóÇäó. ÞõáúÊõ: æóÞóÏú ÞóÏøóãúäóÇ ÞöÕøóÉó
ÅöáúíóÇÓó ÊóÈóÚðÇ áöÞöÕøóÉö ÇáúÎóÖöÑö; áöÃóäøóåõãóÇ íõÞúÑóäóÇäö Ýöí
ÇáÐøößúÑö ÛóÇáöÈðÇ¡ æóáöÃóÌúáö ÃóäøóåóÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÞöÕøóÉö ãõæÓóì Ýöí
ÓõæÑóÉö " ÇáÕøóÇÝøóÇÊö " ÝóÊóÚóÌøóáúäóÇ ÞöÕøóÊóåõ áöÐóáößó.
æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ. ÞóÇáó ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó ÝöíãóÇ ÐõßöÑó
áóåõ Úóäú æóåúÈö Èúäö ãõäóÈøöåò ÞóÇáó: Ëõãøó ÊóäóÈøóÃó Ýöíåöãú
ÈóÚúÏó ÅöáúíóÇÓó¡ æóÕøöíõåõ ÇáúíóÓóÚõ Èúäõ ÃóÎúØõæÈó¡ Úóáóíúåö
ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ. æóåóÐöåö:
(2/284)
[ÞöÕøóÉõ ÇáúíóÓóÚó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ]
æóÞóÏú ÐóßóÑóåõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ãóÚó ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö¡ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö "
ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö " Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: {æóÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó æóÇáúíóÓóÚó æóíõæäõÓó
æóáõæØðÇ æóßõáøðÇ ÝóÖøóáúäóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó} [ÇáÃäÚÇã: 86]
[ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö: 86] . æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö " Õ ": {æóÇÐúßõÑú
ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó æóÇáúíóÓóÚó æóÐóÇ ÇáúßöÝúáö æóßõáøñ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÎúíóÇÑö}
[Õ: 48] . ÞóÇáó ÅöÓúÍóÇÞõ Èúäõ ÈöÔúÑò¡ ÃóÈõæ ÍõÐóíúÝóÉó: ÃóäúÈóÃóäóÇ
ÓóÚöíÏñ¡ Úóäú ÞóÊóÇÏóÉó¡ Úóäö ÇáúÍóÓóäö¡ ÞóÇáó: ßóÇäó ÈóÚúÏó
ÅöáúíóÇÓó¡ ÇáúíóÓóÚõ - ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ - ÝóãóßóËó ãóÇ ÔóÇÁó
Çááøóåõ Ãóäú íóãúßõËó; íóÏúÚõæåõãú Åöáóì Çááøóåö ãõÓúÊóãúÓößðÇ
ÈöãöäúåóÇÌö ÅöáúíóÇÓó æóÔóÑöíÚóÊöåö¡ ÍóÊøóì ÞóÈóÖóåõ Çááøóåõ¡ ÚóÒøó
æóÌóáøó¡ Åöáóíúåö¡ Ëõãøó ÎóáóÝó Ýöíåöãõ ÇáúÎõáõæÝõ¡ æóÚóÙõãóÊú
Ýöíåöãõ ÇáúÃóÍúÏóÇËõ æóÇáúÎóØóÇíóÇ¡ æóßóËõÑóÊö ÇáúÌóÈóÇÈöÑóÉõ¡
æóÞóÊóáõæÇ ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁó¡ æóßóÇäó Ýöíåöãú ãóáóßñ ÌóÈøóÇÑñ ÚóäöíÏñ
ØóÇÛò¡ æóíõÞóÇáõ: Åöäøóåõ ÇáøóÐöí ÊóßóÝøóáó áóåõ Ðõæ ÇáúßöÝúáö Åöäú
åõæó ÊóÇÈó æóÑóÇÌóÚó¡ ÏóÎóáó ÇáúÌóäøóÉó; ÝóÓõãøöì ÐóÇ ÇáúßöÝúáö.
ÞóÇáó ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó: åõæó ÇáúíóÓóÚõ Èúäõ ÃóÎúØõæÈó.
æóÞóÇáó ÇáúÍóÇÝöÙõ ÃóÈõæ ÇáúÞóÇÓöãö Èúäõ ÚóÓóÇßöÑó¡ Ýöí ÍóÑúÝö
ÇáúíóÇÁö ãöäú " ÊóÇÑöíÎöåö ": ÇáúíóÓóÚõ; æóåõæó: ÇáúÃóÓúÈóÇØõ Èúäõ
ÚóÏöíøö Èúäö ÔõæÊóáúãó Èúäö ÃóÝúÑóÇËöíãó Èúäö íõæÓõÝó Èúäö íóÚúÞõæÈó
Èúäö
(2/285)
ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó Èúäö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÇáúÎóáöíáö.
æóíõÞóÇáõ: åõæó ÇÈúäõ Úóãøö ÅöáúíóÇÓó ÇáäøóÈöíøö¡ ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ
ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ. æóíõÞóÇáõ: ßóÇäó ãõÓúÊóÎúÝöíðÇ ãóÚóåõ ÈöÌóÈóáö
ÞóÇÓöíõæäó ãöäú ãóáößö ÈóÚúáóÈóßøó¡ Ëõãøó ÐóåóÈó ãóÚóåõ ÅöáóíúåóÇ¡
ÝóáóãøóÇ ÑõÝöÚó ÅöáúíóÇÓõ ÎóáóÝóåõ ÇáúíóÓóÚõ Ýóì Þóæúãöåö¡
æóäóÈøóÃóåõ Çááøóåõ ÈóÚúÏóåõ. ÐóßóÑó Ðóáößó ÚóÈúÏõ ÇáúãõäúÚöãö Èúäõ
ÅöÏúÑöíÓó Èúäö ÓöäóÇäò¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöíåö¡ Úóäú æóåúÈö Èúäö ãõäóÈøöåò¡
ÞóÇáó: æóÞóÇáó ÛóíúÑõåõ: ßóÇäó ÇáúÃóÓúÈóÇØõ ÈöÈóÇäúíóÇÓó. Ëõãøó
ÐóßóÑó ÇÈúäõ ÚóÓóÇßöÑó ÞöÑóÇÁóÉó ãóäú ÞóÑóÃó: ÇáúíóÓóÚõ¡
ÈöÇáÊøóÎúÝöíÝö æóÈöÇáÊøóÔúÏöíÏö¡ æóãóäú ÞóÑóÃó: " ÇááøóíúÓóÚó "¡
æóåõæó ÇÓúãñ æóÇÍöÏñ áöäóÈöíøò ãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö. ÞõáúÊõ: ÞóÏú
ÞóÏøóãúäóÇ ÞöÕøóÉó Ðöí ÇáúßöÝúáö ÈóÚúÏó ÞöÕøóÉö ÃóíøõæÈó¡
ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ; áöÃóäøóåõ ÞóÏú Þöíáó: Åöäøóåõ ÇÈúäõ
ÃóíøõæÈó¡ ÝóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ ÈöÇáÕøóæóÇÈö.
(2/286)
[ÝóÕúáñ]
ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÌóÑöíÑò æóÛóíúÑõåõ: Ëõãøó ãóÑóÌó ÃóãúÑõ Èóäöí
ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó¡ æóÚóÙõãóÊú Ýöíåöãõ ÇáúÃóÍúÏóÇËõ æóÇáúÎõØõæÈõ
æóÇáúÎóØóÇíóÇ¡ æóÞóÊóáõæÇ ãóäú ÞóÊóáõæÇ ãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö¡
æóÓóáøóØó Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåöãú ÈóÏóáó ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö ãõáõæßðÇ
ÌóÈøóÇÑöíäó íóÙúáöãõæäóåõãú¡ æóíóÓúÝößõæäó ÏöãóÇÁóåõãú¡ æóÓóáøóØó
Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáúÃóÚúÏóÇÁó ãöäú ÛóíúÑöåöãú ÃóíúÖðÇ. æóßóÇäõæÇ
ÅöÐóÇ ÞóÇÊóáõæÇ ÃóÍóÏðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÚúÏóÇÁö¡ íóßõæäõ ãóÚóåõãú ÊóÇÈõæÊõ
ÇáúãöíËóÇÞö ÇáøóÐöí ßóÇäó Ýöí ÞõÈøóÉö ÇáÒøóãóÇäö¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó
ÐößúÑõåõ¡ ÝóßóÇäõæÇ íõäúÕóÑõæäó ÈöÈóÑóßóÊöåö¡ æóÈöãóÇ ÌóÚóáó Çááøóåõ
Ýöíåö ãöäó ÇáÓøößøöíäóÉö æóÇáúÈóÞöíøóÉö¡ ãöãøóÇ ÊóÑóßó Âáõ ãõæÓóì
æóÂáõ åóÇÑõæäó¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó Ýöí ÈóÚúÖö ÍõÑõæÈöåöãú ãóÚó Ãóåúáö
ÛóÒøóÉó æóÚóÓúÞóáóÇäó¡ ÛóáóÈõæåõãú Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÞóåóÑõæåõãú Úóáóì
ÃóÎúÐöåö¡ ÝóÇäúÊóÒóÚõæåõ ãöäú ÃóíúÏöíåöãú¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ Úóáöãó ÈöÐóáößó
ãóáößõ Èóäóì ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó¡ Ýöí Ðóáößó ÇáÒøóãóÇäö¡ ãóÇáóÊú ÚõäõÞõåõ
ÝóãóÇÊó ßóãóÏðÇ¡ æóÈóÞöíó Èóäõæ ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó ßóÇáúÛóäóãö ÈöáóÇ
ÑóÇÚò¡ ÍóÊøóì ÈóÚóËó Çááøóåõ Ýöíåöãú äóÈöíøðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö
íõÞóÇáõ áóåõ: Ôóãúæöíáõ. ÝóØóáóÈõæÇ ãöäúåõ Ãóäú íõÞöíãó áóåõãú
ãóáößðÇ áöíõÞóÇÊöáõæÇ ãóÚóåõ ÇáúÃóÚúÏóÇÁó¡ ÝóßóÇäó ãöäú ÃóãúÑöåöãú
ãóÇ ÓóäóÐúßõÑõåõ ãöãøóÇ ÞóÕøó Çááøóåõ Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈöåö.
ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÌóÑöíÑò ÝóßóÇäó Èóíúäó æóÝóÇÉö íõæÔóÚó Èúäö äõæäò Åöáóì
Ãóäøó ÈóÚúËó Çááøóåõ ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó
(2/287)
Ôóãúæöíáó Èúäó ÈóÇáóì¡ ÃóÑúÈóÚõãöÇÆóÉö
ÓóäóÉò æóÓöÊøõæäó ÓóäóÉð. Ëõãøó ÐóßóÑó ÊóÝúÕöíáóåóÇ ÈöãõÏóÏö
Çáúãõáõæßö ÇáøóÐöíäó ãõáøößõæÇ Úóáóíúåöãú¡ æóÓóãøóÇåõãú æóÇÍöÏðÇ
æóÇÍöÏðÇ¡ ÊóÑóßúäóÇ ÐößúÑóåõãú ÞóÕúÏðÇ.
(2/288)
[ÞöÕøóÉõ Ôóãúæöíáó]
ó¡ æóÝöíåóÇ ÈóÏóÃó ÃóãúÑõ ÏóÇæõÏó¡ ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ
åõæó Ôóãúæöíáõ - æóíõÞóÇáõ: ÃóÔúãóæöíáõ - Èúäõ ÈóÇáóì Èúäö
ÚóáúÞóãóÉó Èúäö íóÑúÎóÇãó Èúäö Ãóáúíóåúæó Èúäö Êóåúæö Èúäö ÕõæÝó
Èúäö ÚóáúÞóãóÉó Èúäö ãóÇÍöËó Èúäö ÚóãõæÕóÇ Èúäö ÚöÒúÑöíóÇ. ÞóÇáó
ãõÞóÇÊöáñ: åõæó ãöäú ÐõÑøöíøóÉö åóÇÑõæäó. æóÞóÇáó ãõÌóÇåöÏñ: åõæó
ÃóÔúãóæöíáõ Èúäõ åóáúÝóÇÞóÇ. æóáóãú íóÑúÝóÚú Ýöí äóÓóÈöåö ÃóßúËóÑó
ãöäú åóÐóÇ¡ ÝóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ.
Íóßóì ÇáÓøõÏøöíøõ ÈöÅöÓúäóÇÏöåö¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò¡ æóÇÈúäö
ãóÓúÚõæÏò¡ æóÃõäóÇÓò ãöäó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö - æóÇáËøóÚúáóÈöíøö -
æóÛóíúÑöåöãú; Ãóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ÛóáóÈóÊö ÇáúÚóãóÇáöÞóÉõ ãöäú ÃóÑúÖö
ÛóÒøóÉó æóÚóÓúÞóáóÇäó Úóáóì Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó¡ æóÞóÊóáõæÇ ãöäúåõãú
ÎóáúÞðÇ ßóËöíÑðÇ¡ æóÓóÈóæúÇ ãöäú ÃóÈúäóÇÆöåöãú ÌóãúÚðÇ ßóËöíÑðÇ¡
æóÇäúÞóØóÚóÊö ÇáäøõÈõæøóÉõ ãöäú ÓöÈúØö áóÇæöí¡ æóáóãú íóÈúÞó Ýöíåöãú
ÅöáøóÇ ÇãúÑóÃóÉñ ÍõÈúáóì¡ ÝóÌóÚóáóÊú ÊóÏúÚõæ Çááøóåó ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó
Ãóäú íóÑúÒõÞóåóÇ æóáóÏðÇ ÐóßóÑðÇ¡ ÝóæóáóÏóÊú ÛõáóÇãðÇ ÝóÓóãøóÊúåõ
ÃóÔúãóæöíáó¡ æóãóÚúäóÇåõ ÈöÇáúÚöÈúÑóÇäöíøóÉö ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ; Ãóíú
ÓóãúÚö Çááøóåõ ÏõÚóÇÆöí¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ
(2/289)
ÊóÑóÚúÑóÚó ÈóÚóËóÊúåõ Åöáóì ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö¡
æóÃóÓúáóãóÊúåõ ÚöäúÏó ÑóÌõáò ÕóÇáöÍò Ýöíåö; íóßõæäõ ÚöäúÏóåõ
áöíóÊóÚóáøóãó ãöäú ÎóíúÑöåö æóÚöÈóÇÏóÊöåö¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÚöäúÏóåõ¡
ÝóáóãøóÇ ÈóáóÛó ÃóÔõÏøóåõ ÈóíúäóãóÇ åõæó ÐóÇÊó áóíúáóÉò äóÇÆöãñ¡
ÅöÐóÇ ÕóæúÊñ íóÃúÊöíåö ãöäú äóÇÍöíóÉö ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö¡ ÝóÇäúÊóÈóåó
ãóÐúÚõæÑðÇ ÝóÙóäøóåõ ÇáÔøóíúÎõ íóÏúÚõæåõ ÝóÓóÃóáóåõ: ÃóÏóÚóæúÊóäöí¿
ÝóßóÑöåó Ãóäú íõÝúÒöÚóåõ ÝóÞóÇáó: äóÚóãú¡ äóãú. ÝóäóÇãó. Ëõãøó
äóÇÏóÇåõ ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉó¡ ÝóßóÐóáößó Ëõãøó ÇáËøóÇáöËóÉó¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ
ÌöÈúÑöíáõ íóÏúÚõæåõ¡ ÝóÌóÇÁóåõ ÝóÞóÇáó: Åöäøó ÑóÈøóßó ÞóÏú ÈóÚóËóßó
Åöáóì Þóæúãößó. ÝóßóÇäó ãöäú ÃóãúÑöåö ãóÚóåõãú ãóÇ ÞóÕøó Çááøóåõ Ýöí
ßöÊóÇÈöåö¡ ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈöåö ÇáúÚóÒöíÒö: {Ãóáóãú
ÊóÑó Åöáóì ÇáúãóáóÅö ãöäú Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó ãöäú ÈóÚúÏö ãõæÓóì ÅöÐú
ÞóÇáõæÇ áöäóÈöíøò áóåõãõ ÇÈúÚóËú áóäóÇ ãóáößðÇ äõÞóÇÊöáú Ýöí ÓóÈöíáö
Çááøóåö ÞóÇáó åóáú ÚóÓóíúÊõãú Åöäú ßõÊöÈó Úóáóíúßõãõ ÇáúÞöÊóÇáõ
ÃóáøóÇ ÊõÞóÇÊöáõæÇ ÞóÇáõæÇ æóãóÇ áóäóÇ ÃóáøóÇ äõÞóÇÊöáó Ýöí ÓóÈöíáö
Çááøóåö æóÞóÏú ÃõÎúÑöÌúäóÇ ãöäú ÏöíóÇÑöäóÇ æóÃóÈúäóÇÆöäóÇ ÝóáóãøóÇ
ßõÊöÈó Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáúÞöÊóÇáõ ÊóæóáøóæúÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÞóáöíáðÇ ãöäúåõãú
æóÇááøóåõ Úóáöíãñ ÈöÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó - æóÞóÇáó áóåõãú äóÈöíøõåõãú Åöäøó
Çááøóåó ÞóÏú ÈóÚóËó áóßõãú ØóÇáõæÊó ãóáößðÇ ÞóÇáõæÇ Ãóäøóì íóßõæäõ
áóåõ Çáúãõáúßõ ÚóáóíúäóÇ æóäóÍúäõ ÃóÍóÞøõ ÈöÇáúãõáúßö ãöäúåõ æóáóãú
íõÄúÊó ÓóÚóÉð ãöäó ÇáúãóÇáö ÞóÇáó Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÇÕúØóÝóÇåõ
Úóáóíúßõãú æóÒóÇÏóåõ ÈóÓúØóÉð Ýöí ÇáúÚöáúãö æóÇáúÌöÓúãö æóÇááøóåõ
íõÄúÊöí ãõáúßóåõ ãóäú íóÔóÇÁõ æóÇááøóåõ æóÇÓöÚñ Úóáöíãñ - æóÞóÇáó
áóåõãú äóÈöíøõåõãú Åöäøó ÂíóÉó ãõáúßöåö Ãóäú íóÃúÊöíóßõãõ
ÇáÊøóÇÈõæÊõ Ýöíåö ÓóßöíäóÉñ ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú æóÈóÞöíøóÉñ ãöãøóÇ ÊóÑóßó
Âáõ ãõæÓóì æóÂáõ åóÇÑõæäó ÊóÍúãöáõåõ ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉõ Åöäøó Ýöí Ðóáößó
áóÂíóÉð áóßõãú Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ãõÄúãöäöíäó - ÝóáóãøóÇ ÝóÕóáó ØóÇáõæÊõ
ÈöÇáúÌõäõæÏö ÞóÇáó Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãõÈúÊóáöíßõãú ÈöäóåóÑò Ýóãóäú
ÔóÑöÈó ãöäúåõ ÝóáóíúÓó ãöäøöí æóãóäú áóãú íóØúÚóãúåõ ÝóÅöäøóåõ
ãöäøöí ÅöáøóÇ ãóäö ÇÛúÊóÑóÝó ÛõÑúÝóÉð ÈöíóÏöåö ÝóÔóÑöÈõæÇ ãöäúåõ
ÅöáøóÇ ÞóáöíáðÇ ãöäúåõãú ÝóáóãøóÇ ÌóÇæóÒóåõ åõæó æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ
ãóÚóåõ ÞóÇáõæÇ áóÇ ØóÇÞóÉó áóäóÇ Çáúíóæúãó ÈöÌóÇáõæÊó æóÌõäõæÏöåö
ÞóÇáó ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÙõäøõæäó Ãóäøóåõãú ãõáóÇÞõæ Çááøóåö ßóãú ãöäú
ÝöÆóÉò ÞóáöíáóÉò ÛóáóÈóÊú ÝöÆóÉð ßóËöíÑóÉð ÈöÅöÐúäö Çááøóåö
æóÇááøóåõ ãóÚó ÇáÕøóÇÈöÑöíäó - æóáóãøóÇ ÈóÑóÒõæÇ áöÌóÇáõæÊó
æóÌõäõæÏöåö ÞóÇáõæÇ ÑóÈøóäóÇ ÃóÝúÑöÛú ÚóáóíúäóÇ ÕóÈúÑðÇ æóËóÈøöÊú
ÃóÞúÏóÇãóäóÇ æóÇäúÕõÑúäóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÞóæúãö ÇáúßóÇÝöÑöíäó -
ÝóåóÒóãõæåõãú ÈöÅöÐúäö Çááøóåö æóÞóÊóáó ÏóÇæõÏõ ÌóÇáõæÊó æóÂÊóÇåõ
Çááøóåõ Çáúãõáúßó æóÇáúÍößúãóÉó æóÚóáøóãóåõ ãöãøóÇ íóÔóÇÁõ æóáóæúáóÇ
ÏóÝúÚõ Çááøóåö ÇáäøóÇÓó ÈóÚúÖóåõãú ÈöÈóÚúÖò áóÝóÓóÏóÊö ÇáúÃóÑúÖõ
æóáóßöäøó Çááøóåó Ðõæ ÝóÖúáò Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 246 -
251]
[ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö: 246 - 251] .
(2/290)
ÞóÇáó ÃóßúËóÑõ ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó: ßóÇäó
äóÈöíøõ åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáúÞóæúãö ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑöíäó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÞöÕøóÉö¡
åõæó Ôóãúæöíáó. æóÞöíáó: ÔóãúÚõæäõ. æóÞöíáó: åõãóÇ æóÇÍöÏñ. æóÞöíáó:
íõæÔóÚõ. æóåóÐóÇ ÈóÚöíÏñ; áöãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ ÃóÈõæ ÌóÚúÝóÑö
Èúäõ ÌóÑöíÑò Ýöí " ÊóÇÑöíÎöåö "¡ Ãóäøó Èóíúäó ãóæúÊö íõæÔóÚó
æóÈóÚúËóÉö Ôóãúæöíáó ÃóÑúÈóÚóãöÇÆóÉö ÓóäóÉò æóÓöÊøöíäó ÓóäóÉð.
ÝóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ.
æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ Ãóäøó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáúÞóæúãó áóãøóÇ ÃóäúåóßóÊúåõãõ
ÇáúÍõÑõæÈõ¡ æóÞóåúÑóåõãõ ÇáúÃóÚúÏóÇÁõ¡ ÓóÃóáõæÇ äóÈöíøó Çááøóåö Ýöí
Ðóáößó ÇáÒøóãóÇäö¡ æóØóáóÈõæÇ ãöäúåõ Ãóäú íõäóÕøöÈó áóåõãú ãóáößðÇ
íóßõæäõæäó ÊóÍúÊó ØóÇÚóÊöåö; áöíõÞóÇÊöáõæÇ ãöäú æóÑóÇÆöåö æóãóÚóåõ¡
æóÈóíúäó íóÏóíúåö ÇáúÃóÚúÏóÇÁó¡ ÝóÞóÇáó áóåõãú: {åóáú ÚóÓóíúÊõãú
Åöäú ßõÊöÈó Úóáóíúßõãõ ÇáúÞöÊóÇáõ ÃóáøóÇ ÊõÞóÇÊöáõæÇ ÞóÇáõæÇ æóãóÇ
áóäóÇ ÃóáøóÇ äõÞóÇÊöáó Ýöí ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 246] Ãóíú:
æóÃóíøõ ÔóíúÁò íóãúäóÚõäóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö {æóÞóÏú ÃõÎúÑöÌúäóÇ ãöäú
ÏöíóÇÑöäóÇ æóÃóÈúäóÇÆöäóÇ} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 246]
(2/291)
íóÞõæáõæäó: äóÍúäõ ãóÍúÑõæÈõæäó
ãóæúÊõæÑõæäó¡ ÝóÍóÞöíÞñ áóäóÇ Ãóäú äõÞóÇÊöáó Úóäú ÃóÈúäóÇÆöäóÇ
ÇáúãóäúåõæÈöíäó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÖúÚóÝöíäó Ýöíåöãú¡ ÇáúãóÃúÓõæÑöíäó Ýöí
ÞóÈúÖóÊöåöãú. ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóáóãøóÇ ßõÊöÈó Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáúÞöÊóÇáõ
ÊóæóáøóæúÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÞóáöíáðÇ ãöäúåõãú æóÇááøóåõ Úóáöíãñ
ÈöÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 246] ßóãóÇ ÐóßóÑó Ýöí ÂÎöÑö ÇáúÞöÕøóÉö¡
Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íõÌóÇæöÒö ÇáäøóåúÑó ãóÚó Çáúãóáößö ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÞóáöíáõ¡
æóÇáúÈóÇÞõæäó ÑóÌóÚõæÇ æóäóßóáõæÇ Úóäö ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö: {æóÞóÇáó áóåõãú
äóÈöíøõåõãú Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÞóÏú ÈóÚóËó áóßõãú ØóÇáõæÊó ãóáößðÇ}
[ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 247] ÞóÇáó ÇáËøóÚúáóÈöíøõ: æóåõæó ØóÇáõæÊõ Èúäõ ÞóíúÓö Èúäö
ÃóÝöíáó Èúäö ÕóÇÑõæ Èúäö äóÍõæÑóÊó Èúäö ÃóÝöíÍó Èúäö ÃóäöíÓó Èúäö
ÈöäúíóÇãöíäó Èúäö íóÚúÞõæÈó Èúäö ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó Èúäö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó
ÇáúÎóáöíáö. ÞóÇáó ÚößúÑöãóÉõ æóÇáÓøõÏøöíøõ: ßóÇäó ÓóÞøóÇÁð. æóÞóÇáó
æóåúÈõ Èúäõ ãõäóÈøöåò ßóÇäó ÏóÈøóÇÛðÇ. æóÞöíáó ÛóíúÑõ Ðóáößó.
ÝóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ. æóáöåóÐóÇ {ÞóÇáõæÇ Ãóäøóì íóßõæäõ áóåõ Çáúãõáúßõ
ÚóáóíúäóÇ æóäóÍúäõ ÃóÍóÞøõ ÈöÇáúãõáúßö ãöäúåõ æóáóãú íõÄúÊó ÓóÚóÉð
ãöäó ÇáúãóÇáö} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 247] .
æóÞóÏú ÐóßóÑõæÇ Ãóäøó ÇáäøõÈõæøóÉó ßóÇäóÊú Ýöí ÓöÈúØö áóÇæöí¡
æóÃóäøó Çáúãõáúßó ßóÇäó Ýöí ÓöÈúØö íóåõæÐóÇ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ
ãöäú ÓöÈúØö ÈöäúíóÇãöíäó¡ äóÝóÑõæÇ ãöäúåõ¡ æóØóÚóäõæÇ Ýöí
ÅöãóÇÑóÊöåö Úóáóíúåöãú æóÞóÇáõæÇ: äóÍúäõ ÃóÍóÞøõ ÈöÇáúãõáúßö ãöäúåõ.
æóÐóßóÑõæÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÝóÞöíÑñ áóÇ ÓöÚóÉó ãöäó ÇáúãóÇáö ãóÚóåõ¡ ÝóßóíúÝó
íóßõæäõ ãöËúáõ åóÐóÇ ãóáößðÇ¿ {ÞóÇáó Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÇÕúØóÝóÇåõ
Úóáóíúßõãú æóÒóÇÏóåõ ÈóÓúØóÉð Ýöí ÇáúÚöáúãö æóÇáúÌöÓúãö} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ:
247]
(2/292)
Þöíáó: ßóÇäó Çááøóåõ ÞóÏú ÃóæúÍóì Åöáóì
Ôóãúæöíáó¡ Ãóäøó Ãóíøó Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó ßóÇäó Øõæáõåõ Úóáóì Øõæáö
åóÐöåö ÇáúÚóÕóÇ¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ÍóÖóÑó ÚöäúÏóßó íóÝõæÑõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóÑúäõ
ÇáøóÐöí Ýöíåö ãöäú Ïõåúäö ÇáúÞõÏúÓö¡ Ýóåõæó ãöáúßõåõãú. ÝóÌóÚóáõæÇ
íóÏúÎõáõæäó æóíóÞöíÓõæäó ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú ÈöÊöáúßó ÇáúÚóÕóÇ¡ Ýóáóãú
íóßõäú ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäúåõãú Úóáóì ØõæáöåóÇ Óöæóì ØóÇáõæÊó¡ æóáóãøóÇ
ÍóÖóÑó ÚöäúÏó Ôóãúæöíáó ÝóÇÑó Ðóáößó ÇáúÞóÑúäõ ÝóÏóåóäóåõ ãöäúåõ
æóÚóíøóäóåõ Çáúãóáößó Úóáóíúåöãú¡ æóÞóÇáó áóåõãú: {Åöäøó Çááøóåó
ÇÕúØóÝóÇåõ Úóáóíúßõãú æóÒóÇÏóåõ ÈóÓúØóÉð Ýöí ÇáúÚöáúãö} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ:
247] ; Þöíáó: Ýöí ÃóãúÑö ÇáúÍõÑõæÈö. æóÞöíáó: Èóáú ãõØúáóÞðÇ. "
æóÇáúÌöÓúãö " ; Þöíáó: ÇáØøõæáõ. æóÞöíáó: ÇáúÌóãóÇáõ. æóÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ
ãöäó ÇáÓøöíóÇÞö Ãóäøóåõ ßóÇäó ÃóÌúãóáóåõãú æóÃóÚúáóãóåõãú ÈóÚúÏó
äóÈöíøöåöãú Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ. {æóÇááøóåõ íõÄúÊöí ãõáúßóåõ ãóäú
íóÔóÇÁõ} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 247] Ýóáóåõ ÇáúÍõßúãõ¡ æóáóåõ ÇáúÎóáúÞõ
æóÇáúÃóãúÑõ {æóÇááøóåõ æóÇÓöÚñ Úóáöíãñ æóÞóÇáó áóåõãú äóÈöíøõåõãú
Åöäøó ÂíóÉó ãõáúßöåö Ãóäú íóÃúÊöíóßõãõ ÇáÊøóÇÈõæÊõ Ýöíåö ÓóßöíäóÉñ
ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú æóÈóÞöíøóÉñ ãöãøóÇ ÊóÑóßó Âáõ ãõæÓóì æóÂáõ åóÇÑõæäó
ÊóÍúãöáõåõ ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉõ Åöäøó Ýöí Ðóáößó áóÂíóÉð áóßõãú Åöäú
ßõäúÊõãú ãõÄúãöäöíäó} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 247] æóåóÐóÇ ÃóíúÖðÇ ãöäú ÈóÑóßóÉö
æöáóÇíóÉö åóÐóÇ ÇáÑøóÌõáö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍö Úóáóíúåöãú æóíõãúäöåö
Úóáóíúåöãú; Ãóäú íóÑõÏøó Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáÊøóÇÈõæÊó ÇáøóÐöí
ßóÇäó ÓõáöÈó ãöäúåõãú¡ æóÞóåúÑóåõãõ ÇáúÃóÚúÏóÇÁõ Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÞóÏú
ßóÇäõæÇ íõäúÕóÑõæäó Úóáóì ÃóÚúÏóÇÆöåöãú ÈöÓóÈóÈöåö. {Ýöíåö ÓóßöíäóÉñ
ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 248] ¡ Þöíáó: ØóÓúÊñ ãöäú ÐóåóÈò ßóÇäó
íõÛúÓóáõ Ýöíåö ÕõÏõæÑõ ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö. æóÞöíáó: ÇáÓøößøöíäóÉõ ãöËúáõ
ÇáÑøöíÍö ÇáúÎóÌõæÌö. æóÞöíáó: ÕõæÑóÊõåóÇ ãöËúáõ ÇáúåöÑøóÉö¡ ÅöÐóÇ
ÕóÑóÎóÊú Ýöí ÍóÇáö ÇáúÍóÑúÈö¡ ÃóíúÞóäó Èóäõæ ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó
ÈöÇáäøóÕúÑö. {æóÈóÞöíøóÉñ ãöãøóÇ ÊóÑóßó Âáõ ãõæÓóì æóÂáõ åóÇÑõæäó}
[ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 248]
(2/293)
Þöíáó: ßóÇäó Ýöíåö ÑõÖóÇÖõ ÇáúÃóáúæóÇÍö
æóÔóíúÁñ ãöäó Çáúãóäøö ÇáøóÐöí ßóÇäó íóäúÒöáõ Úóáóíúåöãú ÈöÇáÊøöíåö.
{ÊóÍúãöáõåõ ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉõ} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 248] Ãóíú; ÊóÃúÊöíßõãú Èöåö
ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉõ íóÍúãöáõæäóåõ æóÃóäúÊõãú ÊóÑóæúäó Ðóáößó ÚöíóÇäðÇ;
áöíóßõæäó ÂíóÉð áöáøóåö Úóáóíúßõãú æóÍõÌøóÉð ÈóÇåöÑóÉð Úóáóì ÕöÏúÞö
ãóÇ ÃóÞõæáõåõ áóßõãú¡ æóÚóáóì ÕöÍøóÉö æöáóÇíóÉö åóÐóÇ Çáúãóáößö
ÇáÕøóÇáöÍö Úóáóíúßõãú¡ æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó: {Åöäøó Ýöí Ðóáößó áóÂíóÉð
áóßõãú Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ãõÄúãöäöíäó} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 248] æóÞöíáó: Åöäøóåõ
áóãøóÇ ÛóáóÈó ÇáúÚóãóÇáöÞóÉõ Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÇÈõæÊö¡ æóßóÇäó Ýöíåö
ãóÇ ÐõßöÑó ãöäó ÇáÓøößøöíäóÉö æóÇáúÈóÞöíøóÉö ÇáúãõÈóÇÑóßóÉö -
æóÞöíáó: ßóÇäó Ýöíåö ÇáÊøóæúÑóÇÉõ ÃóíúÖðÇ - ÝóáóãøóÇ ÇÓúÊóÞóÑøó Ýöí
ÃóíúÏöíåöãú æóÖóÚõæåõ ÊóÍúÊó Õóäóãò áóåõãú ÈöÃóÑúÖöåöãú¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ
ÃóÕúÈóÍõæÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÇÈõæÊõ Úóáóì ÑóÃúÓö ÇáÕøóäóãö ÝóæóÖóÚõæåõ
ÊóÍúÊóåõ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó Çáúíóæúãõ ÇáËøóÇäöí ÅöÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÇÈõæÊõ
ÝóæúÞó ÇáÕøóäóãö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÊóßóÑøóÑó åóÐóÇ ÚóáöãõæÇ Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ
ÃóãúÑñ ãöäó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÝóÃóÎúÑóÌõæåõ ãöäú ÈóáóÏöåöãú¡
æóÌóÚóáõæåõ Ýöí ÞóÑúíóÉò ãöäú ÞõÑóÇåõãú¡ ÝóÃóÎóÐóåõãú ÏóÇÁñ Ýöí
ÑöÞóÇÈöåöãú¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ØóÇáó Úóáóíúåöãú åóÐóÇ ÌóÚóáõæåõ Ýöí ÚóÌóáóÉò
æóÑóÈóØõæåóÇ Ýöí ÈóÞóÑóÊóíúäö æóÃóÑúÓóáõæåõãóÇ¡ ÝóíõÞóÇáõ: Åöäøó
ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉó ÓóÇÞóÊúåõãóÇ ÍóÊøóì ÌóÇÁõæÇ ÈöåöãóÇ ãóáóÃó Èóäöí
ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó æóåõãú íóäúÙõÑõæäó¡ ßóãóÇ ÃóÎúÈóÑóåõãú äóÈöíøõåõãú
ÈöÐóáößó. ÝóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ Úóáóì Ãóíøö ÕöÝóÉò ÌóÇÁóÊú Èöåö
ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉõ¡ æóÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ Ãóäøó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉó ßóÇäóÊú ÊóÍúãöáõåõ
ÈöÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú¡ ßóãóÇ åõæó ÇáúãóÝúåõæãõ ãöäó ÇáúÂíóÉö. æóÇááøóåõ
ÃóÚúáóãõ. æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúÃóæøóáõ ÞóÏú ÐóßóÑóåõ ßóËöíÑñ ãöäó
ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó Ãóæú ÃóßúËóÑõåõãú. {ÝóáóãøóÇ ÝóÕóáó ØóÇáõæÊõ
ÈöÇáúÌõäõæÏö ÞóÇáó Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãõÈúÊóáöíßõãú ÈöäóåóÑò Ýóãóäú
ÔóÑöÈó ãöäúåõ ÝóáóíúÓó ãöäøöí æóãóäú áóãú íóØúÚóãúåõ ÝóÅöäøóåõ
ãöäøöí ÅöáøóÇ ãóäö ÇÛúÊóÑóÝó ÛõÑúÝóÉð ÈöíóÏöåö} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 249] ÞóÇáó
(2/294)
ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈøóÇÓò æóßóËöíÑñ ãöäó
ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó: åóÐóÇ ÇáäøóåúÑõ åõæó äóåúÑõ ÇáúÃõÑúÏõäøö. æóåõæó
ÇáúãõÓóãøóì ÈöÇáÔøóÑöíÚóÉö¡ ÝóßóÇäó ãöäú ÃóãúÑö ØóÇáõæÊó ÈöÌõäõæÏöåö
ÚöäúÏó åóÐóÇ ÇáäøóåúÑö¡ Úóäú ÃóãúÑö äóÈöíøö Çááøóåö áóåõ¡ Úóäú
ÃóãúÑö Çááøóåö áóåõ¡ ÇÎúÊöÈóÇÑðÇ æóÇãúÊöÍóÇäðÇ; Ãóäøó ãóäú ÔóÑöÈó
ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáäøóåúÑö Çáúíóæúãó ÝóáóÇ íóÕúÍóÈõäöí Ýöí åóÐöåö
ÇáúÛóÒúæóÉö¡ æóáóÇ íóÕúÍóÈõäöí ÅöáøóÇ ãóäú áóãú íóØúÚóãúåõ¡ ÅöáøóÇ
ÛõÑúÝóÉð Ýöí íóÏöåö. ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóÔóÑöÈõæÇ ãöäúåõ
ÅöáøóÇ ÞóáöíáðÇ ãöäúåõãú} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 249] ÞóÇáó ÇáÓøõÏøöíøõ: ßóÇäó
ÇáúÌóíúÔõ ËóãóÇäöíäó ÃóáúÝðÇ¡ ÝóÔóÑöÈó ãöäúåõ ÓöÊøóÉñ æóÓóÈúÚõæäó
ÃóáúÝðÇ¡ æóÊóÈóÞøóìãóÚóåõ ÃóÑúÈóÚóÉõ ÂáóÇÝò. ßóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó.
æóÞóÏú Ñóæóì ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ Ýöí " ÕóÍöíÍöåö "¡ ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö
ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó æóÒõåóíúÑò æóÇáËøóæúÑöíøö¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó¡ Úóäö
ÇáúÈóÑóÇÁö Èúäö ÚóÇÒöÈò¡ ÞóÇáó: ßõäøóÇ ÃóÕúÍóÇÈó ãõÍóãøóÏò Õóáøóì
Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ äóÊóÍóÏøóËõ Ãóäøó ÚöÏøóÉó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö
ÈóÏúÑò Úóáóì ÚöÏøóÉö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ØóÇáõæÊó - ÇáøóÐöíäó ÌóÇæóÒõæÇ ãóÚóåõ
ÇáäøóåúÑó¡ æóáóãú íõÌóÇæöÒú ãóÚóåõ ÅöáøóÇ ãõÄúãöäñ - ÈöÖúÚóÉó ÚóÔúÑó
æóËóáóÇËõãöÇÆóÉö ãõÄúãöäò æóÞóæúáõ ÇáÓøõÏøöíøö Ãóäøó ÚöÏøóÉó
ÇáúÌóíúÔö ßóÇäõæÇ ËóãóÇäöíäó ÃóáúÝðÇ¡ Ýöíåö äóÙóÑñ; áöÃóäøó ÃóÑúÖó
ÈóíúÊö ÇáúãóÞúÏöÓö áóÇ ÊóÍúÊóãöáõ Ãóäú íóÌúÊóãöÚó ÝöíåóÇ ÌóíúÔõ
ãõÞóÇÊöáóÉò íóÈúáõÛõæäó ËóãóÇäöíäó ÃóáúÝðÇ. æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ.
ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóáóãøóÇ ÌóÇæóÒóåõ åõæó æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ
ãóÚóåõ ÞóÇáõæÇ áóÇ ØóÇÞóÉó áóäóÇ Çáúíóæúãó ÈöÌóÇáõæÊó æóÌõäõæÏöåö}
[ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 249] Ãóíö; ÇÓúÊóÞóáøõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú æóÇÓúÊóÖúÚóÝõæåóÇ Úóäú
ãõÞóÇæóãóÉö ÃóÚúÏóÇÆöåöãú ÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö Åöáóì ÞöáøóÊöåöãú æóßóËúÑóÉö
ÚóÏóÏö ÚóÏõæøöåöãú {ÞóÇáó ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÙõäøõæäó Ãóäøóåõãú ãõáóÇÞõæ
Çááøóåö ßóãú ãöäú ÝöÆóÉò ÞóáöíáóÉò ÛóáóÈóÊú ÝöÆóÉð ßóËöíÑóÉð
ÈöÅöÐúäö Çááøóåö æóÇááøóåõ ãóÚó ÇáÕøóÇÈöÑöíäó} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 249]
(2/295)
; íóÚúäöí: ËóÈøóÊóåõãõ ÇáÔøõÌúÚóÇäõ
ãöäúåõãú æóÇáúÝõÑúÓóÇäõ Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö æóÇáúÅöíÞóÇäö¡
ÇáÕøóÇÈöÑõæäó Úóáóì ÇáúÌöáóÇÏö æóÇáúÌöÏóÇáö æóÇáØøöÚóÇäö. {æóáóãøóÇ
ÈóÑóÒõæÇ áöÌóÇáõæÊó æóÌõäõæÏöåö ÞóÇáõæÇ ÑóÈøóäóÇ ÃóÝúÑöÛú ÚóáóíúäóÇ
ÕóÈúÑðÇ æóËóÈøöÊú ÃóÞúÏóÇãóäóÇ æóÇäúÕõÑúäóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÞóæúãö
ÇáúßóÇÝöÑöíäó} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 250] ØóáóÈõæÇ ãöäó Çááøóåö Ãóäú íõÝúÑöÛó
Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáÕøóÈúÑó; Ãóíú íóÛúãõÑóåõãú Èöåö ãöäú ÝóæúÞöåöãú¡
ÝóÊóÓúÊóÞöÑøó ÞõáõæÈõåõãú æóáóÇ ÊóÞúáóÞó¡ æóÃóäú íõËóÈøöÊó
ÃóÞúÏóÇãóåõãú Ýöí ãóÌóÇáö ÇáúÍóÑúÈö¡ æóãõÚúÊóÑóßö ÇáúÃóÈúØóÇáö¡
æóÍóæúãóÉö ÇáúæóÛóì¡ æóÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö Åöáóì ÇáäøöÒóÇáö¡ ÝóÓóÃóáõæÇ
ÇáÊøóËóÈøõÊó ÇáÙøóÇåöÑó æóÇáúÈóÇØöäó¡ æóÃóäú íõäúÒöáó Úóáóíúåöãõ
ÇáäøóÕúÑó Úóáóì ÃóÚúÏóÇÆöåöãú æóÃóÚúÏóÇÆöåö¡ ãöäó ÇáúßóÇÝöÑöíäó
ÇáúÌóÇÍöÏöíäó ÈöÂíóÇÊöåö æóÂáóÇÆöåö¡ ÝóÃóÌóÇÈóåõãõ ÇáúÚóÙöíãõ
ÇáúÞóÏöíÑõ ÇáÓøóãöíÚõ ÇáúÈóÕöíÑõ ÇáúÍóßöíãõ ÇáúÎóÈöíÑõ Åöáóì ãóÇ
ÓóÃóáõæÇ æóÃóäóÇáóåõãú ãóÇ Åöáóíúåö Ýöíåö ÑóÛöÈõæÇ æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó:
{ÝóåóÒóãõæåõãú ÈöÅöÐúäö Çááøóåö} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 251] Ãóíú; ÈöÍóæúáö
Çááøóåö áóÇ ÈöÍóæúáöåöãú¡ æóÈöÞõæøóÉö Çááøóåö æóäóÕúÑöåö áóÇ
ÈöÞõæøóÊöåöãú æóÚóÏóÏöåöãú¡ ãóÚó ßóËúÑóÉö ÃóÚúÏóÇÆöåöãú æóßóãóÇáö
ÚóÏóÏöåöãú¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóáóÞóÏú äóÕóÑóßõãõ Çááøóåõ
ÈöÈóÏúÑò æóÃóäúÊõãú ÃóÐöáøóÉñ ÝóÇÊøóÞõæÇ Çááøóåó áóÚóáøóßõãú
ÊóÔúßõÑõæäó} [Âá ÚãÑÇä: 123] .
æóÞóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÞóÊóáó ÏóÇæõÏõ ÌóÇáõæÊó æóÂÊóÇåõ Çááøóåõ
Çáúãõáúßó æóÇáúÍößúãóÉó æóÚóáøóãóåõ ãöãøóÇ íóÔóÇÁõ} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 251]
Ýöíåö ÏóáóÇáóÉñ Úóáóì ÔóÌóÇÚóÉö ÏóÇæõÏó¡ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡
æóÃóäøóåõ ÞóÊóáóåõ ÞóÊúáðÇ ÃóÐóáøó Èöåö ÌõäúÏóåõ æóßóÓøóÑó ÌóíúÔóåõ¡
æóáóÇ ÃóÚúÙóãó ãöäú ÛóÒúæóÉò íóÞúÊõáõ ÝöíåóÇ ãóáößñ ÚóÏõæøóåõ¡
ÝóíóÛúäóãõ ÈöÓóÈóÈö Ðóáößó ÇáúÃóãúæóÇáó ÇáúÌóÒöíáóÉó¡ æóíóÃúÓöÑõ
ÇáúÃóÈúØóÇáó
(2/296)
æóÇáÔøõÌúÚóÇäó æóÇáúÃóÞúÑóÇäó¡ æóÊóÚúáõæ
ßóáöãóÉõ ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö Úóáóì ÇáúÃóæúËóÇäö¡ æóíõÏóÇáõ áöÃóæúáöíóÇÁö
Çááøóåö Úóáóì ÃóÚúÏóÇÆöåö¡ æóíóÙúåóÑõ ÇáÏøöíäõ ÇáúÍóÞøõ Úóáóì
ÇáúÈóÇØöáö æóÃóæúáöíóÇÆöåö. æóÞóÏú ÐóßóÑó ÇáÓøõÏøöíøõ ÝöíãóÇ
íóÑúæöíåö Ãóäøó ÏóÇæõÏó¡ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ ßóÇäó ÃóÕúÛóÑó
ÃóæúáóÇÏö ÃóÈöíåö¡ æóßóÇäõæÇ ËóáóÇËóÉó ÚóÔóÑó ÐóßóÑðÇ¡ ßóÇäó ÓóãöÚó
ØóÇáõæÊõ ãóáößó Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó æóåõæó íõÍóÑøöÖõ Èóäöí
ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó Úóáóì ÞóÊúáö ÌóÇáõæÊó æóÌõäõæÏöåö¡ æóåõæó íóÞõæáõ: ãóäú
ÞóÊóáó ÌóÇáõæÊó ÒóæøóÌúÊõåõ ÈöÇÈúäóÊöí¡ æóÃóÔúÑóßúÊõåõ Ýöí ãõáúßöí.
æóßóÇäó ÏóÇæõÏõ¡ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ íóÑúãöí ÈöÇáúÞóÐøóÇÝóÉö -
æóåõæó ÇáúãöÞúáóÇÚõ - ÑóãúíðÇ ÚóÙöíãðÇ¡ ÝóÈóíúäóÇ åõæó ÓóÇÆöÑñ ãóÚó
Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó ÅöÐú äóÇÏóÇåõ ÍóÌóÑñ¡ Ãóäú ÎõÐúäöí ÝóÅöäøó Èöí
ÊóÞúÊõáõ ÌóÇáõæÊó. ÝóÃóÎóÐóåõ¡ Ëõãøó ÍóÌóÑñ ÂÎóÑõ ßóÐóáößó¡ Ëõãøó
ÂÎóÑõ ßóÐóáößó¡ ÝóÃóÎóÐó ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉó Ýöí ãöÎúáóÇÊöåö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ
ÊóæóÇÌóåó ÇáÕøóÝøóÇäö¡ ÈóÑóÒó ÌóÇáõæÊõ æóÏóÚóÇ Åöáóì äóÝúÓöåö¡
ÝóÊóÞóÏøóãó Åöáóíúåö ÏóÇæõÏõ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó áóåõ: ÇÑúÌöÚú¡ ÝóÅöäøöí
ÃóßúÑóåõ ÞóÊúáóßó. ÝóÞóÇáó: áóßöäøöí ÃõÍöÈøõ ÞóÊúáóßó. æóÃóÎóÐó
Êöáúßó ÇáúÃóÍúÌóÇÑó ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉó ãöäú ãöÎúáóÇÊöåö ÝóæóÖóÚóåóÇ Ýöí
ÇáúÞóÐøóÇÝóÉö Ëõãøó ÃóÏóÇÑóåóÇ¡ ÝóÕóÇÑóÊö ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉõ ÍóÌóÑðÇ
æóÇÍöÏðÇ¡ Ëõãøó Ñóãóì ÈöåóÇ ÌóÇáõæÊó ÝóÝóáóÞó ÑóÃóÓóåõ¡ æóÝóÑøó
ÌóíúÔõåõ ãõäúåóÒöãðÇ¡ ÝóæóÝøóì áóåõ ØóÇáõæÊõ ÈöãóÇ æóÚóÏóåõ;
ÝóÒóæøóÌóåõ ÇÈúäóÊóåõ æóÃóÌúÑóì Íõßúãóåõ Ýöí ãõáúßöåö¡ æóÚóÙõãó
ÏóÇæõÏõ¡ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ ÚöäúÏó Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó¡
æóÃóÍóÈøõæåõ æóãóÇáõæÇ Åöáóíúåö ÃóßúËóÑó ãöäú ØóÇáõæÊó¡ ÝóÐóßóÑõæÇ
Ãóäøó ØóÇáõæÊó ÍóÓóÏóåõ æóÃóÑóÇÏó ÞóÊúáóåõ¡ æóÇÍúÊóÇáó Úóáóì Ðóáößó¡
Ýóáóãú íóÕöáú Åöáóíúåö¡ æóÌóÚóáó ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁõ íóäúåóæúäó ØóÇáõæÊó
Úóäú ÞóÊúáö ÏóÇæõÏó¡ ÝóÊóÓóáøóØó Úóáóíúåöãú ÝóÞóÊóáóåõãú¡ ÍóÊøóì
áóãú íóÈúÞó ãöäúåõãú ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÞóáöíáõ¡ Ëõãøó ÍóÕóáó áóåõ ÊóæúÈóÉñ
æóäóÏóãñ æóÅöÞúáóÇÚñ ÚóãøóÇ ÓóáóÝó ãöäúåõ¡ æóÌóÚóáó íõßúËöÑõ ãöäó
ÇáúÈõßóÇÁö¡
(2/297)
æóíóÎúÑõÌõ Åöáóì ÇáúÌóÈøóÇäóÉö ÝóíóÈúßöí
ÍóÊøóì íóÈõáøó ÇáËøóÑóì ÈöÏõãõæÚöåö¡ ÝóäõæÏöíó ÐóÇÊó íóæúãò ãöäó
ÇáúÌóÈøóÇäóÉö: Ãóäú íóÇ ØóÇáõæÊõ¡ ÞóÊóáúÊóäóÇ æóäóÍúäõ ÃóÍúíóÇÁñ¡
æóÂÐóíúÊóäóÇ æóäóÍúäõ ÃóãúæóÇÊñ. ÝóÇÒúÏóÇÏó áöÐóáößó ÈõßóÇÄõåõ
æóÎóæúÝõåõ¡ æóÇÔúÊóÏøó æóÌóáõåõ¡ Ëõãøó ÌóÚóáó íóÓúÃóáõ Úóäú ÚóÇáöãò
íóÓúÃóáõåõ Úóäú ÃóãúÑöåö¡ æóåóáú áóåõ ãöäú ÊóæúÈóÉò¡ ÝóÞöíáó áóåõ:
æóåóáú ÃóÈúÞóíúÊó ÚóÇáöãðÇ¿ ÍóÊøóì Ïõáøó Úóáóì ÇãúÑóÃóÉò ãöäó
ÇáúÚóÇÈöÏóÇÊö¡ ÝóÃóÎóÐóÊúåõ ÝóÐóåóÈóÊú Èöåö Åöáóì ÞóÈúÑö íõæÔóÚó¡
Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ ÞóÇáõæÇ: ÝóÏóÚóÊö Çááøóåó ÝóÞóÇãó íõæÔóÚõ ãöäú
ÞóÈúÑöåö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: ÃóÞóÇãóÊö ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉõ¿ ÝóÞóÇáóÊú: áóÇ æóáóßöäøó
åóÐóÇ ØóÇáõæÊõ íóÓúÃóáõßó: åóáú áóåõ ãöäú ÊóæúÈóÉò¿ ÝóÞóÇáó: äóÚóãú¡
íóäúÎóáöÚõ ãöäó Çáúãõáúßö¡ æóíóÐúåóÈõ ÝóíõÞóÇÊöáõ Ýöí ÓóÈöíáö
Çááøóåö ÍóÊøóì íõÞúÊóáó. Ëõãøó ÚóÇÏó ãóíøöÊðÇ. ÝóÊóÑóßó Çáúãõáúßó
áöÏóÇæõÏó¡ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ æóÐóåóÈó æóãóÚóåõ ËóáóÇËóÉó ÚóÔóÑó
ãöäú ÃóæúáóÇÏöåö¡ ÝóÞóÇÊóáõæÇ Ýöí ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö ÍóÊøóì ÞõÊöáõæÇ.
ÞóÇáõæÇ: ÝóÐóáößó Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÂÊóÇåõ Çááøóåõ Çáúãõáúßó
æóÇáúÍößúãóÉó æóÚóáøóãóåõ ãöãøóÇ íóÔóÇÁõ} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 251] åóßóÐóÇ
ÐóßóÑóåõ ÇÈúäõ ÌóÑöíÑò Ýöí " ÊóÇÑöíÎöåö " ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ÇáÓøõÏøöíøö
ÈöÅöÓúäóÇÏöåö. æóÝöí ÈóÚúÖö åóÐóÇ äóÙóÑñ æóäóßóÇÑóÉñ. æóÇááøóåõ
ÃóÚúáóãõ.
æóÞóÇáó ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó: ÇáäøóÈöíøõ ÇáøóÐöí ÈõÚöËó
ÝóÃóÎúÈóÑó ØóÇáõæÊó ÈöÊóæúÈóÊöåö¡ åõæó ÇáúíóÓóÚõ Èúäõ ÃóÎúØõæÈó.
ÍóßóÇåõ ÇÈúäõ ÌóÑöíÑò ÃóíúÖðÇ. æóÐóßóÑó ÇáËøóÚúáóÈöíøõ ÃóäøóåóÇ
ÃóÊóÊú Èöåö Åöáóì ÞóÈúÑö ÃóÔúãóæöíáó¡ ÝóÚóÇÊóÈóåõ Úóáóì ãóÇ ÕóäóÚó
ÈóÚúÏóåõ ãöäó ÇáúÃõãõæÑö. æóåóÐóÇ ÃóäúÓóÈõ. æóáóÚóáøóåõ ÅöäøóãóÇ
ÑóÂåõ Ýöí Çáäøóæúãö¡ áóÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇãó ãöäó ÇáúÞóÈúÑö ÍóíøðÇ;
ÝóÅöäøó åóÐóÇ ÅöäøóãóÇ íóßõæäõ ãõÚúÌöÒóÉð áöäóÈöíøò¡ æóÊöáúßó
ÇáúãóÑúÃóÉõ áóãú
(2/298)
Êóßõäú äóÈöíøóÉð. æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ.
ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÌóÑöíÑò: æóÒóÚóãó Ãóåúáõ ÇáÊøóæúÑóÇÉö Ãóäøó ãõÏøóÉó
ãõáúßö ØóÇáõæÊó Åöáóì Ãóäú ÞõÊöáó ãóÚó ÃóæúáóÇÏöåö¡ ßóÇäóÊú
ÃóÑúÈóÚöíäó ÓóäóÉð. ÝóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ.
(2/299)
|