ÇáÈÏÇíÉ æÇáäåÇíÉ¡ Ø. ÏÇÑ åÌÑ

 [ÞöÕøóÉõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÇáúÎóáöíáö Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ]
[ÊóÑúÌóãóÊõåõ æóÞöÕøóÊõåõ ãóÚó Þóæúãöåö]
åõæó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Èúäõ ÊóÇÑóÎó " 250 " Èúäö äóÇÍõæÑó " 148 " Èúäö ÓóÇÑõæÛó " 230 " Èúäö ÑóÇÛõæó " 239 " Èúäö ÝóÇáóÛó " 439 " Èúäö ÚóÇÈóÑó " 464 " Èúäö ÔóÇáóÎó " 433 " Èúäö ÃóÑúÝóÎúÔóÏó " 438 " Èúäö ÓóÇãö " 600 " Èúäö äõæÍò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ. åóÐóÇ äóÕøõ Ãóåúáö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈöåöãú¡ æóÞóÏú ÃóÚúáóãúÊõ Úóáóì ÃóÚúãóÇÑöåöãú ÊóÍúÊó ÃóÓúãóÇÆöåöãú ÈöÇáúåöäúÏöíøö¡ ßóãóÇ ÐóßóÑõæåõ ãöäó ÇáúãõÏóÏö¡ æóÞóÏøóãúäóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãó Úóáóì ÚõãõÑö äõæÍò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÝóÃóÛúäóì Úóäú ÅöÚóÇÏóÊöåö.
æóÍóßóì ÇáúÍóÇÝöÙõ ÇÈúäõ ÚóÓóÇßöÑó Ýöí ÊóÑúÌóãóÉö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÇáúÎóáöíáö ãöäú ÊóÇÑöíÎöåö Úóäú ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó Èúäö ÈöÔúÑò ÇáúßóÇåöáöíøö ÕóÇÍöÈö ßöÊóÇÈö ÇáúãõÈúÊóÏóÃö Ãóäøó ÇÓúãó Ãõãøö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÃõãóíúáóÉõ¡ Ëõãøó ÃóæúÑóÏó Úóäúåõ Ýöí ÎóÈóÑö æöáóÇÏóÊöåóÇ áóåõ ÍößóÇíóÉð ØóæöíáóÉð. æóÞóÇáó ÇáúßóáúÈöíøõ: ÇÓúãõåóÇ äõæäóÇ ÈöäúÊõ ßóÑóäúÈóÇ Èúäö ßõæËóì ãöäú Èóäöí ÃóÑúÝóÎúÔóÏó Èúäö ÓóÇãö Èúäö äõæÍò.
æóÑóæóì ÇÈúäõ ÚóÓóÇßöÑó ãöäú ÛóíúÑö æóÌúåò¡ Úóäú ÚößúÑöãóÉó Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: ßóÇäó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ íõßúäóì ÃóÈóÇ ÇáÖøöíÝóÇäö ÞóÇáõæÇ: æóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ÚõãõÑõ ÊóÇÑóÎó ÎóãúÓðÇ

(1/324)


æóÓóÈúÚöíäó ÓóäóÉð æõáöÏó áóåõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ æóäóÇÍõæÑõ¡ æóåóÇÑóÇäõ¡ æóæõáöÏó áöåóÇÑóÇäó áõæØñ. æóÚöäúÏóåõãú Ãóäøó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ åõæó ÇáúÃóæúÓóØõ¡ æóÃóäøó åóÇÑóÇäó ãóÇÊó Ýöí ÍóíóÇÉö ÃóÈöíåö Ýöí ÃóÑúÖöåö ÇáøóÊöí æõáöÏó ÝöíåóÇ¡ æóåöíó ÃóÑúÖõ ÇáúßóáúÏóÇäöíøöíäó íóÚúäõæäó ÃóÑúÖó ÈóÇÈöáó. æóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáÕøóÍöíÍõ ÇáúãóÔúåõæÑõ ÚöäúÏó Ãóåúáö ÇáÓøöíóÑö æóÇáÊøóæóÇÑöíÎö æóÇáúÃóÎúÈóÇÑö¡ æóÕóÍøóÍó Ðóáößó ÇáúÍóÇÝöÙõ ÇÈúäõ ÚóÓóÇßöÑó ÈóÚúÏóãóÇ Ñóæóì ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö åöÔóÇãö Èúäö ÚóãøóÇÑò¡ Úóäö ÇáúæóáöíÏö¡ Úóäú ÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÚóÒöíÒö¡ Úóäú ãóßúÍõæáò¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò ÞóÇáó: æõáöÏó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÈöÛõæØóÉö ÏöãóÔúÞó Ýöí ÞóÑúíóÉò íõÞóÇáõ áóåóÇ: ÈóÑúÒóÉõ Ýöí ÌóÈóáò íõÞóÇáõ áóåõ: ÞóÇÓöíõæäó. Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó: æóÇáÕøóÍöíÍõ Ãóäøóåõ æõáöÏó ÈöÈóÇÈöáó¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ äõÓöÈó Åöáóíúåö åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÞóÇãõº áöÃóäøóåõ Õóáøóì Ýöíåö ÅöÐú ÌóÇÁó ãõÚöíäðÇ áöáõæØò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ. ÞóÇáõæÇ: ÝóÊóÒóæøóÌó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÓóÇÑóÉó¡ æóäóÇÍõæÑõ ãóáúßóÇ ÇÈúäóÉó åóÇÑóÇäó¡ íóÚúäõæäó ÈöÇÈúäóÉö ÃóÎöíåö. ÞóÇáõæÇ: æóßóÇäóÊú ÓóÇÑóÉõ ÚóÇÞöÑðÇ áóÇ ÊóáöÏõ. ÞóÇáõæÇ: æóÇäúØóáóÞó ÊóÇÑóÎõ ÈöÇÈúäöåö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó¡ æóÇãúÑóÃóÊöåö ÓóÇÑóÉó¡ æóÇÈúäö ÃóÎöíåö áõæØö Èúäö åóÇÑóÇäó¡ ÝóÎóÑóÌó Èöåöãú ãöäú ÃóÑúÖö ÇáúßóáúÏóÇäöíøöíäó Åöáóì ÃóÑúÖö ÇáúßóäúÚóÇäöíøöíäó¡ ÝóäóÒóáõæÇ ÍóÑøóÇäó¡ ÝóãóÇÊó ÝöíåóÇ ÊóÇÑóÎõ æóáóåõ ãöÇÆóÊóÇäö æóÎóãúÓõæäó ÓóäóÉð. æóåóÐóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íõæáóÏú ÈöÍóÑøóÇäó¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ãóæúáöÏõåõ ÈöÃóÑúÖö ÇáúßóáúÏóÇäöíøöíäó¡ æóåöíó ÃóÑúÖõ ÈóÇÈöáó æóãóÇ æóÇáóÇåóÇ. Ëõãøó ÇÑúÊóÍóáõæÇ ÞóÇÕöÏöíäó ÃóÑúÖó ÇáúßóäúÚóÇäöíøöíäó¡ æóåöíó ÈöáóÇÏõ ÈóíúÊö ÇáúãóÞúÏöÓö ÝóÃóÞóÇãõæÇ ÈöÍóÑøóÇäó¡ æóåöíó ÃóÑúÖõ ÇáúßóÔúÏóÇäöíøöíäó Ýöí Ðóáößó ÇáÒøóãóÇäö¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÃóÑúÖõ ÇáúÌóÒöíÑóÉö æóÇáÔøóÇãö ÃóíúÖðÇ¡ æóßóÇäõæÇ íóÚúÈõÏõæäó ÇáúßóæóÇßöÈó ÇáÓøóÈúÚóÉó¡ æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÚóãøóÑõæÇ ãóÏöíäóÉó ÏöãóÔúÞó ßóÇäõæÇ Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáÏøöíäö íóÓúÊóÞúÈöáõæäó ÇáúÞõØúÈó ÇáÔøóãóÇáöíøó¡ æóíóÚúÈõÏõæäó ÇáúßóæóÇßöÈó ÇáÓøóÈúÚóÉó ÈöÃóäúæóÇÚò ãöäó ÇáúÝóÚóÇáö æóÇáúãóÞóÇáöº æóáöåóÐóÇ ßóÇäó Úóáóì ßõáøö ÈóÇÈò ãöäú ÃóÈúæóÇÈö ÏöãóÔúÞó ÇáÓøóÈúÚóÉö

(1/325)


ÇáúÞóÏöíãóÉö åóíúßóáñ áößóæúßóÈò ãöäúåóÇ¡ æóíóÚúãóáõæäó áóåóÇ ÃóÚúíóÇÏðÇ æóÞóÑóÇÈöíäó. æóåóßóÐóÇ ßóÇäó Ãóåúáõ ÍóÑøóÇäó íóÚúÈõÏõæäó ÇáúßóæóÇßöÈó æóÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãó¡ æóßõáøõ ãóäú ßóÇäó Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ßóÇäõæÇ ßõÝøóÇÑðÇ Óöæóì ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÇáúÎóáöíáö¡ æóÇãúÑóÃóÊöåö¡ æóÇÈúäö ÃóÎöíåö áõæØò Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ. æóßóÇäó ÇáúÎóáöíáõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÒóÇáó Çááøóåõ Èöåö Êöáúßó ÇáÔøõÑõæÑó¡ æóÃóÈúØóáó Èöåö ÐóÇßó ÇáÖøóáóÇáó. ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ æóÊóÚóÇáóì ÂÊóÇåõ ÑõÔúÏóåõ Ýöí ÕöÛóÑöåö¡ æóÇÈúÊóÚóËóåõ ÑóÓõæáðÇ¡ æóÇÊøóÎóÐóåõ ÎóáöíáðÇ Ýöí ßöÈóÑöåö. ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóáóÞóÏú ÂÊóíúäóÇ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÑõÔúÏóåõ ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ æóßõäøóÇ Èöåö ÚóÇáöãöíäó} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 51] . Ãóíú ßóÇäó ÃóåúáðÇ áöÐóáößó. æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÅöÐú ÞóÇáó áöÞóæúãöåö ÇÚúÈõÏõæÇ Çááøóåó æóÇÊøóÞõæåõ Ðóáößõãú ÎóíúÑñ áóßõãú Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ÊóÚúáóãõæäó - ÅöäøóãóÇ ÊóÚúÈõÏõæäó ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö ÃóæúËóÇäðÇ æóÊóÎúáõÞõæäó ÅöÝúßðÇ Åöäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÊóÚúÈõÏõæäó ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö áóÇ íóãúáößõæäó áóßõãú ÑöÒúÞðÇ ÝóÇÈúÊóÛõæÇ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÇáÑøöÒúÞó æóÇÚúÈõÏõæåõ æóÇÔúßõÑõæÇ áóåõ Åöáóíúåö ÊõÑúÌóÚõæäó - æóÅöäú ÊõßóÐøöÈõæÇ ÝóÞóÏú ßóÐøóÈó Ãõãóãñ ãöäú ÞóÈúáößõãú æóãóÇ Úóáóì ÇáÑøóÓõæáö ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÈóáóÇÛõ ÇáúãõÈöíäõ - Ãóæó áóãú íóÑóæúÇ ßóíúÝó íõÈúÏöÆõ Çááøóåõ ÇáúÎóáúÞó Ëõãøó íõÚöíÏõåõ Åöäøó Ðóáößó Úóáóì Çááøóåö íóÓöíÑñ - Þõáú ÓöíÑõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÝóÇäúÙõÑõæÇ ßóíúÝó ÈóÏóÃó ÇáúÎóáúÞó Ëõãøó Çááøóåõ íõäúÔöÆõ ÇáäøóÔúÃóÉó ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉó Åöäøó Çááøóåó Úóáóì ßõáøö ÔóíúÁò ÞóÏöíÑñ - íõÚóÐøöÈõ ãóäú íóÔóÇÁõ æóíóÑúÍóãõ ãóäú íóÔóÇÁõ æóÅöáóíúåö ÊõÞúáóÈõæäó - æóãóÇ ÃóäúÊõãú ÈöãõÚúÌöÒöíäó Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóáóÇ Ýöí ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö æóãóÇ áóßõãú ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö ãöäú æóáöíøò æóáóÇ äóÕöíÑò - æóÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ÈöÂíóÇÊö Çááøóåö æóáöÞóÇÆöåö ÃõæáóÆößó íóÆöÓõæÇ ãöäú ÑóÍúãóÊöí æóÃõæáóÆößó áóåõãú ÚóÐóÇÈñ Ãóáöíãñ - ÝóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÌóæóÇÈó Þóæúãöåö ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú ÞóÇáõæÇ ÇÞúÊõáõæåõ Ãóæú ÍóÑøöÞõæåõ ÝóÃóäúÌóÇåõ Çááøóåõ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÑö Åöäøó Ýöí Ðóáößó áóÂíóÇÊò áöÞóæúãò íõÄúãöäõæäó - æóÞóÇáó ÅöäøóãóÇ ÇÊøóÎóÐúÊõãú ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö ÃóæúËóÇäðÇ ãóæóÏøóÉó Èóíúäößõãú Ýöí ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ Ëõãøó íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö íóßúÝõÑõ ÈóÚúÖõßõãú ÈöÈóÚúÖò æóíóáúÚóäõ ÈóÚúÖõßõãú ÈóÚúÖðÇ æóãóÃúæóÇßõãõ ÇáäøóÇÑõ æóãóÇ áóßõãú ãöäú äóÇÕöÑöíäó - ÝóÂãóäó áóåõ áõæØñ æóÞóÇáó Åöäøöí ãõåóÇÌöÑñ Åöáóì ÑóÈøöí Åöäøóåõ åõæó ÇáúÚóÒöíÒõ ÇáúÍóßöíãõ - æóæóåóÈúäóÇ áóåõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó æóíóÚúÞõæÈó æóÌóÚóáúäóÇ Ýöí ÐõÑøöíøóÊöåö ÇáäøõÈõæøóÉó æóÇáúßöÊóÇÈó æóÂÊóíúäóÇåõ ÃóÌúÑóåõ Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ æóÅöäøóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö áóãöäó ÇáÕøóÇáöÍöíäó} [ÇáÚäßÈæÊ: 16 - 27]
[ÇáúÚóäúßóÈõæÊö: 16 - 27]

(1/326)


Ëõãøó ÐóßóÑó ÊóÚóÇáóì ãõäóÇÙóÑóÊóåõ áöÃóÈöíåö æóÞóæúãöåö¡ ßóãóÇ ÓóäóÐúßõÑõåõ Åöäú ÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóßóÇäó Ãóæøóáõ ÏóÚúæóÊöåö áöÃóÈöíåö¡ æóßóÇäó ÃóÈõæåõ ãöãøóäú íóÚúÈõÏõ ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãóº áöÃóäøóåõ ÃóÍóÞøõ ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈöÅöÎúáóÇÕö ÇáäøóÕöíÍóÉö áóåõ¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÇÐúßõÑú Ýöí ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Åöäøóåõ ßóÇäó ÕöÏøöíÞðÇ äóÈöíøðÇ} [ãÑíã: 41] ÅöÐú {ÞóÇáó áöÃóÈöíåö íóÇ ÃóÈóÊö áöãó ÊóÚúÈõÏõ ãóÇ áóÇ íóÓúãóÚõ æóáóÇ íõÈúÕöÑõ æóáóÇ íõÛúäöí Úóäúßó ÔóíúÆðÇ - íóÇ ÃóÈóÊö Åöäøöí ÞóÏú ÌóÇÁóäöí ãöäó ÇáúÚöáúãö ãóÇ áóãú íóÃúÊößó ÝóÇÊøóÈöÚúäöí ÃóåúÏößó ÕöÑóÇØðÇ ÓóæöíøðÇ - íóÇ ÃóÈóÊö áóÇ ÊóÚúÈõÏö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäó Åöäøó ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäó ßóÇäó áöáÑøóÍúãóäö ÚóÕöíøðÇ - íóÇ ÃóÈóÊö Åöäøöí ÃóÎóÇÝõ Ãóäú íóãóÓøóßó ÚóÐóÇÈñ ãöäó ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö ÝóÊóßõæäó áöáÔøóíúØóÇäö æóáöíøðÇ - ÞóÇáó ÃóÑóÇÛöÈñ ÃóäúÊó Úóäú ÂáöåóÊöí íóÇ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ áóÆöäú áóãú ÊóäúÊóåö áóÃóÑúÌõãóäøóßó æóÇåúÌõÑúäöí ãóáöíøðÇ - ÞóÇáó ÓóáóÇãñ Úóáóíúßó ÓóÃóÓúÊóÛúÝöÑõ áóßó ÑóÈøöí Åöäøóåõ ßóÇäó Èöí ÍóÝöíøðÇ - æóÃóÚúÊóÒöáõßõãú æóãóÇ ÊóÏúÚõæäó ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö æóÃóÏúÚõæ ÑóÈøöí ÚóÓóì ÃóáøóÇ Ãóßõæäó ÈöÏõÚóÇÁö ÑóÈøöí ÔóÞöíøðÇ} [ãÑíã: 42 - 48]
[ãóÑúíóãó: 41 - 48] . íóÐúßõÑõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ãóÇ ßóÇäó Èóíúäóåõ æóÈóíúäó ÃóÈöíåö ãöäó ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÉö æóÇáúãõÌóÇÏóáóÉö¡ æóßóíúÝó ÏóÚóÇ ÃóÈóÇåõ Åöáóì ÇáúÍóÞøö ÈöÃóáúØóÝö ÚöÈóÇÑóÉò æóÃóÍúÓóäö ÅöÔóÇÑóÉò¡ Èóíøóäó áóåõ ÈõØúáóÇäó ãóÇ åõæó Úóáóíúåö ãöäú ÚöÈóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãö ÇáøóÊöí áóÇ ÊóÓúãóÚõ ÏõÚóÇÁó ÚóÇÈöÏöåóÇ æóáóÇ ÊõÈúÕöÑõ ãóßóÇäóåõ¡ ßóíúÝó ÊõÛúäöí Úóäúåõ ÔóíúÆðÇ Ãóæú ÊóÝúÚóáõ Èöåö ÎóíúÑðÇ ãöäú ÑöÒúÞò Ãóæú äóÕúÑò¿

(1/327)


Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó ãõäóÈøöåðÇ Úóáóì ãóÇ ÃóÚúØóÇåõ Çááøóåõ ãöäó ÇáúåõÏóì æóÇáúÚöáúãö ÇáäøóÇÝöÚö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÃóÕúÛóÑó ÓöäøðÇ ãöäú ÃóÈöíåö {íóÇ ÃóÈóÊö Åöäøöí ÞóÏú ÌóÇÁóäöí ãöäó ÇáúÚöáúãö ãóÇ áóãú íóÃúÊößó ÝóÇÊøóÈöÚúäöí ÃóåúÏößó ÕöÑóÇØðÇ ÓóæöíøðÇ} [ãÑíã: 43] . Ãóíú ãõÓúÊóÞöíãðÇ æóÇÖöÍðÇ ÓóåúáðÇ ÍóäöíÝðÇ¡ íõÝúÖöí Èößó Åöáóì ÇáúÎóíúÑö Ýöí ÏõäúíóÇßó æóÃõÎúÑóÇßó¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÚóÑóÖó åóÐóÇ ÇáÑøõÔúÏó Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÃóåúÏóì åóÐöåö ÇáäøóÕöíÍóÉó Åöáóíúåö áóãú íóÞúÈóáúåóÇ ãöäúåõ¡ æóáóÇ ÃóÎóÐóåóÇ Úóäúåõ Èóáú ÊóåóÏøóÏóåõ æóÊóæóÚøóÏóåõ {ÞóÇáó ÃóÑóÇÛöÈñ ÃóäúÊó Úóäú ÂáöåóÊöí íóÇ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ áóÆöäú áóãú ÊóäúÊóåö áóÃóÑúÌõãóäøóßó} [ãÑíã: 46] . Þöíáó: ÈöÇáúãóÞóÇáö. æóÞöíáó: ÈöÇáúÝóÚóÇáö {æóÇåúÌõÑúäöí ãóáöíøðÇ} [ãÑíã: 46] Ãóíú æóÇÞúØóÚúäöí æóÃóØöáú åöÌúÑóÇäöí ÝóÚöäúÏóåóÇ ÞóÇáó áóåõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ: {ÓóáóÇãñ Úóáóíúßó} [ãÑíã: 47] Ãóíú áóÇ íóÕöáõßó ãöäøöí ãóßúÑõæåñ¡ æóáóÇ íóäóÇáõßó ãöäøöí ÃóÐðì¡ Èóáú ÃóäúÊó ÓóÇáöãñ ãöäú äóÇÍöíóÊöí¡ æóÒóÇÏóåõ ÎóíúÑðÇ ÝóÞóÇáó: {ÓóÃóÓúÊóÛúÝöÑõ áóßó ÑóÈøöí Åöäøóåõ ßóÇäó Èöí ÍóÝöíøðÇ} [ãÑíã: 47] . ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈøóÇÓò æóÛóíúÑõåõ: Ãóíú áóØöíÝðÇ. íóÚúäöí Ýöí Ãóäú åóÏóÇäöí áöÚöÈóÇÏóÊöåö æóÇáúÅöÎúáóÇÕö áóåõº æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó: {æóÃóÚúÊóÒöáõßõãú æóãóÇ ÊóÏúÚõæäó ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö æóÃóÏúÚõæ ÑóÈøöí ÚóÓóì ÃóáøóÇ Ãóßõæäó ÈöÏõÚóÇÁö ÑóÈøöí ÔóÞöíøðÇ} [ãÑíã: 48] . æóÞóÏö ÇÓúÊóÛúÝóÑó áóåõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ ßóãóÇ æóÚóÏóåõ Ýöí ÃóÏúÚöíóÊöåö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÊóÈóíøóäó áóåõ Ãóäøóåõ ÚóÏõæøñ áöáøóåö ÊóÈóÑøóÃó ãöäúåõ¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÇÓúÊöÛúÝóÇÑõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó áöÃóÈöíåö ÅöáøóÇ Úóäú ãóæúÚöÏóÉò æóÚóÏóåóÇ ÅöíøóÇåõ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÊóÈóíøóäó áóåõ Ãóäøóåõ ÚóÏõæøñ áöáøóåö ÊóÈóÑøóÃó ãöäúåõ Åöäøó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó áóÃóæøóÇåñ Íóáöíãñ} [ÇáÊæÈÉ: 114] .
æóÞóÇáó ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ Èúäõ ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö¡ ÍóÏøóËóäöí ÃóÎöí ÚóÈúÏõ ÇáúÍóãöíÏö¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÃóÈöí ÐöÆúÈò¡ Úóäú ÓóÚöíÏò ÇáúãóÞúÈõÑöíøö¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó¡ Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÇáó: «íóáúÞóì ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÃóÈóÇåõ ÂÒóÑó íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö¡ æóÚóáóì æóÌúåö ÂÒóÑó ÞóÊóÑóÉñ æóÛóÈóÑóÉñ. ÝóíóÞõæáõ áóåõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ: Ãóáóãú ÃóÞõáú áóßó áóÇ ÊóÚúÕöäöí. ÝóíóÞõæáõ áóåõ ÃóÈõæåõ: ÝóÇáúíóæúãó

(1/328)


áóÇ ÃóÚúÕöíßó. ÝóíóÞõæáõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ: íóÇ ÑóÈøö Åöäøóßó æóÚóÏúÊóäöí Ãóäú áóÇ ÊõÎúÒöäöí íóæúãó íõÈúÚóËõæäó¡ æóÃóíøõ ÎöÒúíò ÃóÎúÒóì ãöäú ÃóÈöí ÇáúÃóÈúÚóÏö. ÝóíóÞõæáõ Çááøóåõ: Åöäøöí ÍóÑøóãúÊõ ÇáúÌóäøóÉó Úóáóì ÇáúßóÇÝöÑöíäó¡ Ëõãøó íõÞóÇáõ: íóÇ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ãóÇ ÊóÍúÊó ÑöÌúáóíúßó¡ ÝóíóäúÙõÑõ ÝóÅöÐóÇ åõæó ÈöÐöíÎò ãõÊóáóØøöÎò ÝóíõÄúÎóÐõ ÈöÞóæóÇÆöãöåö ÝóíõáúÞóì Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö» . åóßóÐóÇ ÑóæóÇåõ Ýöí ÞöÕøóÉö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ãõäúÝóÑöÏðÇ.
æóÞóÇáó Ýöí ÇáÊøóÝúÓöíÑö. æóÞóÇáó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Èúäõ ØóåúãóÇäó¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÃóÈöí ÐöÆúÈò¡ Úóäú ÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ÓóÚöíÏò ÇáúãóÞúÈõÑöíøö¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöíåö¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó. æóåóßóÐóÇ ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáäøóÓóÇÆöíøõ¡ Úóäú ÃóÍúãóÏó Èúäö ÍóÝúÕö Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöíåö¡ Úóäú ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Èúäö ØóåúãóÇäó Èöåö. æóÞóÏú ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáúÈóÒøóÇÑõ ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÍóãøóÇÏö Èúäö ÓóáóãóÉó¡ Úóäú ÃóíøõæÈó¡ Úóäú ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö ÓöíÑöíäó¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó¡ Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÈöäóÍúæöåö. æóÝöí ÓöíóÇÞöåö ÛóÑóÇÈóÉñ. æóÑóæóÇåõ ÃóíúÖðÇ ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÞóÊóÇÏóÉó¡ Úóäú ÚõÞúÈóÉó Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÛóÇÝöÑö¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÓóÚöíÏò¡ Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÈöäóÍúæöåö. æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÅöÐú ÞóÇáó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ áöÃóÈöíåö ÂÒóÑó ÃóÊóÊøóÎöÐõ ÃóÕúäóÇãðÇ ÂáöåóÉð Åöäøöí ÃóÑóÇßó æóÞóæúãóßó Ýöí ÖóáóÇáò ãõÈöíäò} [ÇáÃäÚÇã: 74] . åóÐóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇÓúãó ÃóÈöí ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÂÒóÑõ. æóÌõãúåõæÑõ Ãóåúáö ÇáäøóÓóÈö ãöäúåõãõ ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈøóÇÓò Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇÓúãó ÃóÈöíåö ÊóÇÑóÍõ. æóÃóåúáõ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö íóÞõæáõæäó: ÊóÇÑóÎõ ÈöÇáúÎóÇÁö ÇáúãõÚúÌóãóÉö. ÝóÞöíáó: Åöäøóåõ áõÞøöÈó ÈöÕóäóãò ßóÇäó íóÚúÈõÏõåõ ÇÓúãõåõ ÂÒóÑõ.

(1/329)


æóÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÌóÑöíÑò: æóÇáÕøóæóÇÈõ Ãóäøó ÇÓúãóåõ ÂÒóÑõ¡ æóáóÚóáøó áóåõ ÇÓúãóÇäö ÚóáóãóÇäö Ãóæú ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ áóÞóÈñ¡ æóÇáúÂÎóÑõ Úóáóãñ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáøóÐöí ÞóÇáóåõ ãõÍúÊóãóáñ¡ æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ.
Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóßóÐóáößó äõÑöí ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ãóáóßõæÊó ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóáöíóßõæäó ãöäó ÇáúãõæÞöäöíäó ÝóáóãøóÇ Ìóäøó Úóáóíúåö Çááøóíúáõ ÑóÃóì ßóæúßóÈðÇ ÞóÇáó åóÐóÇ ÑóÈøöí ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóÝóáó ÞóÇáó áóÇ ÃõÍöÈøõ ÇáúÂÝöáöíäó ÝóáóãøóÇ ÑóÃóì ÇáúÞóãóÑó ÈóÇÒöÛðÇ ÞóÇáó åóÐóÇ ÑóÈøöí ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóÝóáó ÞóÇáó áóÆöäú áóãú íóåúÏöäöí ÑóÈøöí áóÃóßõæäóäøó ãöäó ÇáúÞóæúãö ÇáÖøóÇáøöíäó ÝóáóãøóÇ ÑóÃóì ÇáÔøóãúÓó ÈóÇÒöÛóÉð ÞóÇáó åóÐóÇ ÑóÈøöí åóÐóÇ ÃóßúÈóÑõ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóÝóáóÊú ÞóÇáó íóÇÞóæúãö Åöäøöí ÈóÑöíÁñ ãöãøóÇ ÊõÔúÑößõæäó Åöäøöí æóÌøóåúÊõ æóÌúåöíó áöáøóÐöí ÝóØóÑó ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖó ÍóäöíÝðÇ æóãóÇ ÃóäóÇ ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó æóÍóÇÌøóåõ Þóæúãõåõ ÞóÇáó ÃóÊõÍóÇÌøõæäøöí Ýöí Çááøóåö æóÞóÏú åóÏóÇäöí æóáóÇ ÃóÎóÇÝõ ãóÇ ÊõÔúÑößõæäó Èöåö ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íóÔóÇÁó ÑóÈøöí ÔóíúÆðÇ æóÓöÚó ÑóÈøöí ßõáøó ÔóíúÁò ÚöáúãðÇ ÃóÝóáóÇ ÊóÊóÐóßøóÑõæäó æóßóíúÝó ÃóÎóÇÝõ ãóÇ ÃóÔúÑóßúÊõãú æóáóÇ ÊóÎóÇÝõæäó Ãóäøóßõãú ÃóÔúÑóßúÊõãú ÈöÇááøóåö ãóÇ áóãú íõäóÒøöáú Èöåö Úóáóíúßõãú ÓõáúØóÇäðÇ ÝóÃóíøõ ÇáúÝóÑöíÞóíúäö ÃóÍóÞøõ ÈöÇáúÃóãúäö Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ÊóÚúáóãõæäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ æóáóãú íóáúÈöÓõæÇ ÅöíãóÇäóåõãú ÈöÙõáúãò ÃõæáóÆößó áóåõãõ ÇáúÃóãúäõ æóåõãú ãõåúÊóÏõæäó æóÊöáúßó ÍõÌøóÊõäóÇ ÂÊóíúäóÇåóÇ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Úóáóì Þóæúãöåö äóÑúÝóÚõ ÏóÑóÌóÇÊò ãóäú äóÔóÇÁõ Åöäøó ÑóÈøóßó Íóßöíãñ Úóáöíãñ} [ÇáÃäÚÇã: 75]
[ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö: 75 - 83] . æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÞóÇãõ ãóÞóÇãõ ãõäóÇÙóÑóÉò áöÞóæúãöåö¡ æóÈóíóÇäñ áóåõãú Ãóäøó åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÌúÑóÇãó ÇáúãõÔóÇåóÏóÉó ãöäó ÇáúßóæóÇßöÈö ÇáäøóíøöÑóÉö áóÇ ÊóÕúáõÍõ áöáúÃõáõæåöíøóÉö¡ æóáóÇ Ãóäú ÊõÚúÈóÏó ãóÚó Çááøóåö ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøóº áöÃóäøóåóÇ ãóÎúáõæÞóÉñ ãóÑúÈõæÈóÉñ ãóÕúäõæÚóÉñ ãõÏóÈøóÑóÉñ ãõÓóÎøóÑóÉñ ÊóØúáõÚõ ÊóÇÑóÉð æóÊóÃúÝõáõ ÃõÎúÑóì¡ ÝóÊóÛöíÈõ Úóäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúÚóÇáóãö¡ æóÇáÑøóÈøõ ÊóÚóÇáóì áóÇ íóÛöíÈõ Úóäúåõ ÔóíúÁñ. æóáóÇ ÊóÎúÝóì Úóáóíúåö ÎóÇÝöíóÉñ

(1/330)


¡ Èóáú åõæó ÇáÏøóÇÆöãõ ÇáúÈóÇÞöí ÈöáóÇ ÒóæóÇáò áóÇ Åöáóåó ÅöáøóÇ åõæó¡ æóáóÇ ÑóÈøó ÓöæóÇåõ ÝóÈóíøóäó áóåõãú ÃóæøóáðÇ ÚóÏóãó ÕóáóÇÍöíóÉö ÇáúßóæúßóÈö - Þöíáó: åõæó ÇáÒøõåóÑóÉõ - áöÐóáößó ÊóÑóÞøóì ãöäúåóÇ Åöáóì ÇáúÞóãóÑö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÃóÖúæóÃõ ãöäúåóÇ æóÃóÈúåóì ãöäú ÍõÓúäöåóÇ¡ Ëõãøó ÊóÑóÞøóì Åöáóì ÇáÔøóãúÓö ÇáøóÊöí åöíó ÃóÔóÏøõ ÇáúÃóÌúÑóÇãö ÇáúãõÔóÇåóÏóÉö ÖöíóÇÁð æóÓóäóÇÁð æóÈóåóÇÁð¡ ÝóÈóíøóäó ÃóäøóåóÇ ãõÓóÎøóÑóÉñ ãõÓóíøóÑóÉñ ãõÞóÏøóÑóÉñ ãóÑúÈõæÈóÉñ¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóãöäú ÂíóÇÊöåö Çááøóíúáõ æóÇáäøóåóÇÑõ æóÇáÔøóãúÓõ æóÇáúÞóãóÑõ áóÇ ÊóÓúÌõÏõæÇ áöáÔøóãúÓö æóáóÇ áöáúÞóãóÑö æóÇÓúÌõÏõæÇ áöáøóåö ÇáøóÐöí ÎóáóÞóåõäøó Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ÅöíøóÇåõ ÊóÚúÈõÏõæäó} [ÝÕáÊ: 37] . æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó: {ÝóáóãøóÇ ÑóÃóì ÇáÔøóãúÓó ÈóÇÒöÛóÉð} [ÇáÃäÚÇã: 78] . Ãóíú ØóÇáöÚóÉð {ÞóÇáó åóÐóÇ ÑóÈøöí åóÐóÇ ÃóßúÈóÑõ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóÝóáóÊú ÞóÇáó íóÇ Þóæúãö Åöäøöí ÈóÑöíÁñ ãöãøóÇ ÊõÔúÑößõæäó - Åöäøöí æóÌøóåúÊõ æóÌúåöíó áöáøóÐöí ÝóØóÑó ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖó ÍóäöíÝðÇ æóãóÇ ÃóäóÇ ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó - æóÍóÇÌøóåõ Þóæúãõåõ ÞóÇáó ÃóÊõÍóÇÌøõæäøöí Ýöí Çááøóåö æóÞóÏú åóÏóÇäö æóáóÇ ÃóÎóÇÝõ ãóÇ ÊõÔúÑößõæäó Èöåö ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íóÔóÇÁó ÑóÈøöí ÔóíúÆðÇ} [ÇáÃäÚÇã: 78 - 80] . Ãóíú áóÓúÊõ ÃõÈóÇáöí Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂáöåóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÚúÈõÏõæäóåóÇ ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö ÝóÅöäøóåóÇ áóÇ ÊóäúÝóÚõ ÔóíúÆðÇ æóáóÇ ÊóÓúãóÚõ æóáóÇ ÊóÚúÞöáõ¡ Èóáú åöíó ãóÑúÈõæÈóÉñ ãõÓóÎøóÑóÉñ ßóÇáúßóæóÇßöÈö æóäóÍúæöåóÇ¡ Ãóæú ãóÕúäõæÚóÉñ ãóäúÍõæÊóÉñ ãóäúÌõæÑóÉñ.
æóÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ Ãóäøó ãóæúÚöÙóÊóåõ åóÐöåö Ýöí ÇáúßóæóÇßöÈö áöÃóåúáö ÍóÑøóÇäó ÝóÅöäøóåõãú ßóÇäó íóÚúÈõÏõæäóåóÇ¡ æóåóÐóÇ íóÑõÏøõ Þóæúáó ãóäú ÒóÚóãó Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó åóÐóÇ Íöíäó ÎóÑóÌó ãöäó ÇáÓøóÑóÈö áóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ÕóÛöíÑðÇ¡ ßóãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ ÇÈúäõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó æóÛóíúÑõåõ¡ æóåõæó ãõÓúÊóäöÏñ Åöáóì ÃóÎúÈóÇÑò ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáöíøóÉò áóÇ íõæËóÞõ ÈöåóÇ¡ æóáóÇ ÓöíøóãóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÎóÇáóÝóÊö ÇáúÍóÞøó¡ æóÃóãøóÇ Ãóåúáõ ÈóÇÈöáó ÝóßóÇäõæÇ íóÚúÈõÏõæäó ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãó¡ æóåõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó äóÇÙóÑóåõãú Ýöí ÚöÈóÇÏóÊöåóÇ¡ æóßóÓóÑóåóÇ Úóáóíúåöãú æóÃóåóÇäóåóÇ æóÈóíøóäó ÈõØúáóÇäóåóÇ¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÞóÇáó ÅöäøóãóÇ ÇÊøóÎóÐúÊõãú ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö ÃóæúËóÇäðÇ ãóæóÏøóÉó Èóíúäößõãú Ýöí ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ Ëõãøó íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö íóßúÝõÑõ ÈóÚúÖõßõãú ÈöÈóÚúÖò æóíóáúÚóäõ ÈóÚúÖõßõãú ÈóÚúÖðÇ æóãóÃúæóÇßõãõ ÇáäøóÇÑõ æóãóÇ áóßõãú ãöäú äóÇÕöÑöíäó} [ÇáÚäßÈæÊ: 25] .

(1/331)


æóÞóÇáó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö: {æóáóÞóÏú ÂÊóíúäóÇ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÑõÔúÏóåõ ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ æóßõäøóÇ Èöåö ÚóÇáöãöíäó ÅöÐú ÞóÇáó áöÃóÈöíåö æóÞóæúãöåö ãóÇ åóÐöåö ÇáÊøóãóÇËöíáõ ÇáøóÊöí ÃóäúÊõãú áóåóÇ ÚóÇßöÝõæäó ÞóÇáõæÇ æóÌóÏúäóÇ ÂÈóÇÁóäóÇ áóåóÇ ÚóÇÈöÏöíäó ÞóÇáó áóÞóÏú ßõäúÊõãú ÃóäúÊõãú æóÂÈóÇÄõßõãú Ýöí ÖóáóÇáò ãõÈöíäò ÞóÇáõæÇ ÃóÌöÆúÊóäóÇ ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö Ãóãú ÃóäúÊó ãöäó ÇááøóÇÚöÈöíäó ÞóÇáó Èóáú ÑóÈøõßõãú ÑóÈøõ ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÇáøóÐöí ÝóØóÑóåõäøó æóÃóäóÇ Úóáóì Ðóáößõãú ãöäó ÇáÔøóÇåöÏöíäó æóÊóÇááøóåö áóÃóßöíÏóäøó ÃóÕúäóÇãóßõãú ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú ÊõæóáøõæÇ ãõÏúÈöÑöíäó ÝóÌóÚóáóåõãú ÌõÐóÇÐðÇ ÅöáøóÇ ßóÈöíÑðÇ áóåõãú áóÚóáøóåõãú Åöáóíúåö íóÑúÌöÚõæäó ÞóÇáõæÇ ãóäú ÝóÚóáó åóÐóÇ ÈöÂáöåóÊöäóÇ Åöäøóåõ áóãöäó ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó ÞóÇáõæÇ ÓóãöÚúäóÇ ÝóÊðì íóÐúßõÑõåõãú íõÞóÇáõ áóåõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÞóÇáõæÇ ÝóÃúÊõæÇ Èöåö Úóáóì ÃóÚúíõäö ÇáäøóÇÓö áóÚóáøóåõãú íóÔúåóÏõæäó ÞóÇáõæÇ ÃóÃóäúÊó ÝóÚóáúÊó åóÐóÇ ÈöÂáöåóÊöäóÇ íóÇÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÞóÇáó Èóáú ÝóÚóáóåõ ßóÈöíÑõåõãú åóÐóÇ ÝóÇÓúÃóáõæåõãú Åöäú ßóÇäõæÇ íóäúØöÞõæäó ÝóÑóÌóÚõæÇ Åöáóì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ Åöäøóßõãú ÃóäúÊõãõ ÇáÙøóÇáöãõæäó Ëõãøó äõßöÓõæÇ Úóáóì ÑõÁõæÓöåöãú áóÞóÏú ÚóáöãúÊó ãóÇ åóÄõáóÇÁö íóäúØöÞõæäó ÞóÇáó ÃóÝóÊóÚúÈõÏõæäó ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö ãóÇ áóÇ íóäúÝóÚõßõãú ÔóíúÆðÇ æóáóÇ íóÖõÑøõßõãú ÃõÝøò áóßõãú æóáöãóÇ ÊóÚúÈõÏõæäó ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö ÃóÝóáóÇ ÊóÚúÞöáõæäó ÞóÇáõæÇ ÍóÑøöÞõæåõ æóÇäúÕõÑõæÇ ÂáöåóÊóßõãú Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ÝóÇÚöáöíäó ÞõáúäóÇ íóÇäóÇÑõ ßõæäöí ÈóÑúÏðÇ æóÓóáóÇãðÇ Úóáóì ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó æóÃóÑóÇÏõæÇ Èöåö ßóíúÏðÇ ÝóÌóÚóáúäóÇåõãõ ÇáúÃóÎúÓóÑöíäó} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 51]
[ÇáÔøõÚóÑóÇÁö: 69 - 83] .

(1/332)


æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáÕøóÇÝøóÇÊö: {æóÅöäøó ãöäú ÔöíÚóÊöåö áóÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÅöÐú ÌóÇÁó ÑóÈøóåõ ÈöÞóáúÈò Óóáöíãò ÅöÐú ÞóÇáó áöÃóÈöíåö æóÞóæúãöåö ãóÇÐóÇ ÊóÚúÈõÏõæäó ÃóÆöÝúßðÇ ÂáöåóÉð Ïõæäó Çááøóåö ÊõÑöíÏõæäó ÝóãóÇ Ùóäøõßõãú ÈöÑóÈøö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó ÝóäóÙóÑó äóÙúÑóÉð Ýöí ÇáäøõÌõæãö ÝóÞóÇáó Åöäøöí ÓóÞöíãñ ÝóÊóæóáøóæúÇ Úóäúåõ ãõÏúÈöÑöíäó ÝóÑóÇÛó Åöáóì ÂáöåóÊöåöãú ÝóÞóÇáó ÃóáóÇ ÊóÃúßõáõæäó ãóÇ áóßõãú áóÇ ÊóäúØöÞõæäó ÝóÑóÇÛó Úóáóíúåöãú ÖóÑúÈðÇ ÈöÇáúíóãöíäö ÝóÃóÞúÈóáõæÇ Åöáóíúåö íóÒöÝøõæäó ÞóÇáó ÃóÊóÚúÈõÏõæäó ãóÇ ÊóäúÍöÊõæäó æóÇááøóåõ ÎóáóÞóßõãú æóãóÇ ÊóÚúãóáõæäó ÞóÇáõæÇ ÇÈúäõæÇ áóåõ ÈõäúíóÇäðÇ ÝóÃóáúÞõæåõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóÍöíãö ÝóÃóÑóÇÏõæÇ Èöåö ßóíúÏðÇ ÝóÌóÚóáúäóÇåõãõ ÇáúÃóÓúÝóáöíäó} [ÇáÕÇÝÇÊ: 83]
[ÇáÕøóÇÝøóÇÊö: 83 - 98] .
íõÎúÈöÑõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóäú ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Îóáöíáöåö Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ Ãóäøóåõ ÃóäúßóÑó Úóáóì Þóæúãöåö ÚöÈóÇÏóÉó ÇáúÃóæúËóÇäö¡ æóÍóÞøóÑóåóÇ ÚöäúÏóåõãú¡ æóÕóÛøóÑóåóÇ¡ æóÊóäóÞøóÕóåóÇ ÝóÞóÇáó: {ãóÇ åóÐöåö ÇáÊøóãóÇËöíáõ ÇáøóÊöí ÃóäúÊõãú áóåóÇ ÚóÇßöÝõæäó} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 52] . Ãóíú ãõÚúÊóßöÝõæäó ÚöäúÏóåóÇ æóÎóÇÖöÚõæäó áóåóÇ {ÞóÇáõæÇ æóÌóÏúäóÇ ÂÈóÇÁóäóÇ áóåóÇ ÚóÇÈöÏöíäó} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 53] . ãóÇ ßóÇäó ÍõÌøóÊóåõãú ÅöáøóÇ ÕóäöíÚõ ÇáúÂÈóÇÁö æóÇáúÃóÌúÏóÇÏö¡ æóãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ Úóáóíúåö ãöäú ÚöÈóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÏóÇÏö {ÞóÇáó áóÞóÏú ßõäúÊõãú ÃóäúÊõãú æóÂÈóÇÄõßõãú Ýöí ÖóáóÇáò ãõÈöíäò} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 54] . ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÅöÐú ÞóÇáó áöÃóÈöíåö æóÞóæúãöåö ãóÇÐóÇ ÊóÚúÈõÏõæäó ÃóÆöÝúßðÇ ÂáöåóÉð Ïõæäó Çááøóåö ÊõÑöíÏõæäó ÝóãóÇ Ùóäøõßõãú ÈöÑóÈøö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó} [ÇáÕÇÝÇÊ: 85] . ÞóÇáó ÞóÊóÇÏóÉõ: ÝóãóÇ Ùóäøõßõãú Èöåö Ãóäøóåõ ÝóÇÚöáñ Èößõãú ÅöÐóÇ áóÞöíÊõãõæåõ æóÞóÏú ÚóÈóÏúÊõãú ÛóíúÑóåõ. æóÞóÇáó áóåõãú: {åóáú íóÓúãóÚõæäóßõãú ÅöÐú ÊóÏúÚõæäó Ãóæú íóäúÝóÚõæäóßõãú Ãóæú íóÖõÑøõæäó ÞóÇáõæÇ Èóáú æóÌóÏúäóÇ ÂÈóÇÁóäóÇ ßóÐóáößó íóÝúÚóáõæäó} [ÇáÔÚÑÇÁ: 72] . ÓóáøóãõæÇ

(1/333)


áóåõ ÃóäøóåóÇ áóÇ ÊóÓúãóÚõ ÏóÇÚöíðÇ æóáóÇ ÊóäúÝóÚõ æóáóÇ ÊóÖõÑøõ ÔóíúÆðÇ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÇáúÍóÇãöáõ áóåõãú Úóáóì ÚöÈóÇÏóÊöåóÇ ÇáöÇÞúÊöÏóÇÁõ ÈöÃóÓúáóÇÝöåöãú¡ æóãóäú åõæó ãöËúáõåõãú Ýöí ÇáÖøóáóÇáö ãöäó ÇáúÂÈóÇÁö ÇáúÌõåøóÇáöº æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó áóåõãú: {ÃóÝóÑóÃóíúÊõãú ãóÇ ßõäúÊõãú ÊóÚúÈõÏõæäó ÃóäúÊõãú æóÂÈóÇÄõßõãõ ÇáúÃóÞúÏóãõæäó ÝóÅöäøóåõãú ÚóÏõæøñ áöí ÅöáøóÇ ÑóÈøó ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó} [ÇáÔÚÑÇÁ: 75] . æóåóÐóÇ ÈõÑúåóÇäñ ÞóÇØöÚñ Úóáóì ÈõØúáóÇäö ÅöáóåöíøóÉö ãóÇ ÇÏøóÚóæúåõ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãöº áöÃóäøóåõ ÊóÈóÑøóÃó ãöäúåóÇ æóÊóäóÞøóÕó ÈöåóÇ¡ Ýóáóæú ßóÇäóÊú ÊóÖõÑøõ áóÖóÑøóÊúåõ Ãóæú ÊõÄóËøöÑõ áóÃóËøóÑóÊú Ýöíåö {ÞóÇáõæÇ ÃóÌöÆúÊóäóÇ ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö Ãóãú ÃóäúÊó ãöäó ÇááøóÇÚöÈöíäó} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 55] . íóÞõæáõæäó: åóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãõ ÇáøóÐöí ÊóÞõæáõåõ áóäóÇ¡ æóÊóäúÊóÞöÕõ Èöåö ÂáöåóÊóäóÇ¡ æóÊóØúÚóäõ ÈöÓóÈóÈöåö Ýöí ÂÈóÇÆöäóÇ ÊóÞõæáõåõ ãõÍöÞøðÇ ÌóÇÏøðÇ Ýöíåö Ãóãú áóÇÚöÈðÇ ÞóÇáó: {Èóáú ÑóÈøõßõãú ÑóÈøõ ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÇáøóÐöí ÝóØóÑóåõäøó æóÃóäóÇ Úóáóì Ðóáößõãú ãöäó ÇáÔøóÇåöÏöíäó} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 56] . íóÚúäöí: Èóáú ÃóÞõæáõ áóßõãú Ðóáößó ÌóÇÏøðÇ ãõÍöÞøðÇ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ Åöáóåõßõãõ Çááøóåõ ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ Åöáóåó ÅöáøóÇ åõæó ÑóÈøõßõãú¡ æóÑóÈøõ ßõáøö ÔóíúÁò ÝóÇØöÑõ ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÇáúÎóÇáöÞõ áóåõãóÇ Úóáóì ÛóíúÑö ãöËóÇáò ÓóÈóÞó¡ Ýóåõæó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÍöÞøõ áöáúÚöÈóÇÏóÉö æóÍúÏóåõ áóÇ ÔóÑöíßó áóåõ¡ æóÃóäóÇ Úóáóì Ðóáößõãú ãöäó ÇáÔøóÇåöÏöíäó. æóÞóæúáõåõ: {æóÊóÇááøóåö áóÃóßöíÏóäøó ÃóÕúäóÇãóßõãú ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú ÊõæóáøõæÇ ãõÏúÈöÑöíäó} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 57] . ÃóÞúÓóãó áóíóßöíÏóäøó åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãó ÇáøóÊöí íóÚúÈõÏõæäóåóÇ ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú ÊóæóáøóæúÇ ãõÏúÈöÑöíäó Åöáóì ÚöíÏöåöãú. Þöíáó: Åöäøóåõ ÞóÇáó åóÐóÇ ÎõÝúíóÉð Ýöí äóÝúÓöåö. æóÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ãóÓúÚõæÏò: ÓóãöÚóåõ ÈóÚúÖõåõãú. æóßóÇäó áóåõãú ÚöíÏñ íóÐúåóÈõæäó Åöáóíúåö Ýöí ßõáøö ÚóÇãò ãóÑøóÉð Åöáóì ÙóÇåöÑö ÇáúÈóáóÏö ÝóÏóÚóÇåõ ÃóÈõæåõ áöíóÍúÖõÑóåõ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: {Åöäøöí ÓóÞöíãñ} [ÇáÕÇÝÇÊ: 89] ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóäóÙóÑó äóÙúÑóÉð Ýöí ÇáäøõÌõæãö ÝóÞóÇáó Åöäøöí ÓóÞöíãñ} [ÇáÕÇÝÇÊ: 88] . ÚóÑøóÖó áóåõãú Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÍóÊøóì ÊóæóÕøóáó Åöáóì ãóÞúÕõæÏöåö ãöäú ÅöåóÇäóÉö ÃóÕúäóÇãöåöãú¡ æóäõÕúÑóÉö Ïöíäö Çááøóåö ÇáúÍóÞøö Ýöí ÈõØúáóÇäö ãóÇ åõãú Úóáóíúåö ãöäú ÚöÈóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãö ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÓúÊóÍöÞøõ Ãóäú ÊõßóÓøóÑó¡ æóÃóäú ÊõåóÇäó ÛóÇíóÉó ÇáúÅöåóÇäóÉö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÎóÑóÌõæÇ Åöáóì ÚöíÏöåöãú¡ æóÇÓúÊóÞóÑøó åõæó Ýöí ÈóáóÏöåöãú {ÝÑóÇÛó Åöáóì ÂáöåóÊöåöãú} [ÇáÕÇÝÇÊ: 91] . Ãóíú ÐóåóÈó ÅöáóíúåóÇ ãõÓúÑöÚðÇ ãõÓúÊóÎúÝöíðÇ

(1/334)


ÝóæóÌóÏóåóÇ Ýöí Èóåúæò ÚóÙöíãò¡ æóÞóÏú æóÖóÚõæÇ Èóíúäó ÃóíúÏöíóåóÇ ÃóäúæóÇÚðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÃóØúÚöãóÉö ÞõÑúÈóÇäðÇ ÅöáóíúåóÇ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó áóåóÇ Úóáóì ÓóÈöíáö ÇáÊøóåóßøõãö æóÇáöÇÒúÏöÑóÇÁö: {ÃóáóÇ ÊóÃúßõáõæäó - ãóÇ áóßõãú áóÇ ÊóäúØöÞõæäó - ÝóÑóÇÛó Úóáóíúåöãú ÖóÑúÈðÇ ÈöÇáúíóãöíäö} [ÇáÕÇÝÇÊ: 91 - 93] º áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÃóÞúæóì æóÃóÈúØóÔõ æóÃóÓúÑóÚõ æóÃóÞúåóÑõ¡ ÝóßóÓøóÑóåóÇ ÈöÞóÏõæãò Ýöí íóÏöåö¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóÌóÚóáóåõãú ÌõÐóÇÐðÇ} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 58] Ãóíú ÍõØóÇãðÇ ßóÓøóÑóåóÇ ßõáøóåóÇ {ÅöáøóÇ ßóÈöíÑðÇ áóåõãú áóÚóáøóåõãú Åöáóíúåö íóÑúÌöÚõæäó} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 58] . Þöíáó: Åöäøóåõ æóÖóÚó ÇáúÞóÏõæãó Ýöí íóÏö ÇáúßóÈöíÑö ÅöÔóÇÑóÉð Åöáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÛóÇÑó Ãóäú ÊõÚúÈóÏó ãóÚóåõ åóÐöåö ÇáÕøöÛóÇÑõ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÑóÌóÚõæÇ ãöäú ÚöíÏöåöãú¡ æóæóÌóÏõæÇ ãóÇ Íóáøó ÈöãóÚúÈõæÏöåöãú {ÞóÇáõæÇ ãóäú ÝóÚóáó åóÐóÇ ÈöÂáöåóÊöäóÇ Åöäøóåõ áóãöäó ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 59] .
æóåóÐóÇ Ýöíåö Ïóáöíáñ ÙóÇåöÑñ áóåõãú áóæú ßóÇäõæÇ íóÚúÞöáõæäó¡ æóåõæó ãóÇ Íóáøó ÈöÂáöåóÊöåöãõ ÇáøóÊöí ßóÇäõæÇ íóÚúÈõÏõæäóåóÇ¡ Ýóáóæú ßóÇäóÊú ÂáöåóÉð áóÏóÝóÚóÊú Úóäú ÃóäúÝõÓöåóÇ ãóäú ÃóÑóÇÏóåóÇ ÈöÓõæÁò áóßöäøóåõãú ÞóÇáõæÇ ãöäú Ìóåúáöåöãú¡ æóÞöáøóÉö ÚóÞúáöåöãú¡ æóßóËúÑóÉö ÖóáóÇáöåöãú¡ æóÎóÈóÇáöåöãú: {ãóäú ÝóÚóáó åóÐóÇ ÈöÂáöåóÊöäóÇ Åöäøóåõ áóãöäó ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó ÞóÇáõæÇ ÓóãöÚúäóÇ ÝóÊðì íóÐúßõÑõåõãú íõÞóÇáõ áóåõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 59] . Ãóíú íóÐúßõÑõåóÇ ÈöÇáúÚóíúÈö¡ æóÇáÊøóäóÞøõÕö áóåóÇ¡ æóÇáöÇÒúÏöÑóÇÁö ÈöåóÇ Ýóåõæó ÇáúãõÞöíãõ ÚóáóíúåóÇ¡ æóÇáúßóÇÓöÑõ áóåóÇ¡ æóÚóáóì Þóæúáö ÇÈúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò Ãóíú íóÐúßõÑõåõãú ÈöÞóæúáöåö: {æóÊóÇááøóåö áóÃóßöíÏóäøó ÃóÕúäóÇãóßõãú ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú ÊõæóáøõæÇ ãõÏúÈöÑöíäó} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 57] . {ÞóÇáõæÇ ÝóÃúÊõæÇ Èöåö Úóáóì ÃóÚúíõäö ÇáäøóÇÓö áóÚóáøóåõãú íóÔúåóÏõæäó} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 61] . Ãóíú Ýöí ÇáúãóáóÃö ÇáúÃóßúÈóÑö Úóáóì ÑõÁõæÓö ÇáúÃóÔúåóÇÏö áóÚóáøóåõãú íóÔúåóÏõæäó ãóÞóÇáóÊóåõ¡ æóíóÓúãóÚõæäó ßóáóÇãóåõ¡ æóíõÚóÇíöäõæäó ãóÇ íóÍöáøõ Èöåö ãöäó ÇáöÇÞúÊöÕóÇÕö ãöäúåõ¡ æóßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÃóßúÈóÑó ãóÞóÇÕöÏö ÇáúÎóáöíáö Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ Ãóäú íóÌúÊóãöÚó ÇáäøóÇÓõ ßõáøõåõãú ÝóíõÞöíãó Úóáóì ÌóãöíÚö ÚõÈøóÇÏö ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãö ÇáúÍõÌøóÉó Úóáóì ÈõØúáóÇäö ãóÇ åõãú Úóáóíúåö¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ãõæÓóì Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ áöÝöÑúÚóæúäó: {ãóæúÚöÏõßõãú íóæúãõ ÇáÒøöíäóÉö æóÃóäú íõÍúÔóÑó ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÖõÍðì} [Øå: 59] .

(1/335)


ÝóáóãøóÇ ÇÌúÊóãóÚõæÇ æóÌóÇÁõæÇ Èöåö. ßóãóÇ ÐóßóÑõæÇ: {ÞóÇáõæÇ ÃóÃóäúÊó ÝóÚóáúÊó åóÐóÇ ÈöÂáöåóÊöäóÇ íóÇ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÞóÇáó Èóáú ÝóÚóáóåõ ßóÈöíÑõåõãú åóÐóÇ} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 62] . Þöíáó: ãóÚúäóÇåõ åõæó ÇáúÍóÇãöáõ áöí Úóáóì ÊóßúÓöíÑöåóÇ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÚóÑøóÖó áóåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÞóæúáö {ÝóÇÓúÃóáõæåõãú Åöäú ßóÇäõæÇ íóäúØöÞõæäó} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 63] . æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóÑóÇÏó ÈöÞóæúáöåö åóÐóÇ Ãóäú íõÈóÇÏöÑõæÇ Åöáóì ÇáúÞóæúáö Ãóäøó åóÐöåö áóÇ ÊóäúØöÞõ ÝóíóÚúÊóÑöÝõæÇ ÈöÃóäøóåóÇ ÌóãóÇÏñ ßóÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáúÌóãóÇÏóÇÊö {ÝóÑóÌóÚõæÇ Åöáóì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ Åöäøóßõãú ÃóäúÊõãõ ÇáÙøóÇáöãõæäó} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 64] . Ãóíú ÝóÚóÇÏõæÇ Úóáóì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú ÈöÇáúãóáóÇãóÉö ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ: {Åöäøóßõãú ÃóäúÊõãõ ÇáÙøóÇáöãõæäó} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 64] . Ãóíú Ýöí ÊóÑúßöåóÇ áóÇ ÍóÇÝöÙó áóåóÇ¡ æóáóÇ ÍóÇÑöÓó ÚöäúÏóåóÇ {Ëõãøó äõßöÓõæÇ Úóáóì ÑõÁõæÓöåöãú} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 65] . ÞóÇáó ÇáÓøõÏøöíøõ: Ãóíú Ëõãøó ÑóÌóÚõæÇ Åöáóì ÇáúÝöÊúäóÉö ÝóÚóáóì åóÐóÇ íóßõæäõ Þóæúáõåõ: {Åöäøóßõãú ÃóäúÊõãõ ÇáÙøóÇáöãõæäó} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 64] . Ãóíú Ýöí ÚöÈóÇÏóÊöåóÇ. æóÞóÇáó ÞóÊóÇÏóÉõ ÃóÏúÑóßóÊö ÇáúÞóæúãó ÍóíúÑóÉõ ÓóæúÁò Ãóíú ÝóÃóØúÑóÞõæÇ¡ Ëõãøó ÞóÇáõæÇ: {áóÞóÏú ÚóáöãúÊó ãóÇ åóÄõáóÇÁö íóäúØöÞõæäó} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 65] . Ãóíú áóÞóÏú ÚóáöãúÊó íóÇ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Ãóäøó åóÐöåö áóÇ ÊóäúØöÞõ ÝóßóíúÝó ÊóÃúãõÑõäóÇ ÈöÓõÄóÇáöåóÇ ÝóÚöäúÏó Ðóáößó ÞóÇáó áóåõãõ ÇáúÎóáöíáõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ: {ÃóÝóÊóÚúÈõÏõæäó ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö ãóÇ áóÇ íóäúÝóÚõßõãú ÔóíúÆðÇ æóáóÇ íóÖõÑøõßõãú ÃõÝøò áóßõãú æóáöãóÇ ÊóÚúÈõÏõæäó ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö ÃóÝóáóÇ ÊóÚúÞöáõæäó} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 66] . ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó: {ÝóÃóÞúÈóáõæÇ Åöáóíúåö íóÒöÝøõæäó} [ÇáÕÇÝÇÊ: 94] . ÞóÇáó ãõÌóÇåöÏñ: íõÓúÑöÚõæäó. {ÞóÇáó ÃóÊóÚúÈõÏõæäó ãóÇ ÊóäúÍöÊõæäó} [ÇáÕÇÝÇÊ: 95] . Ãóíú ßóíúÝó ÊóÚúÈõÏõæäó ÃóÕúäóÇãðÇ ÃóäúÊõãú ÊóäúÍöÊõæäóåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÎóÔóÈö æóÇáúÍöÌóÇÑóÉö¡ æóÊõÕóæøöÑõæäóåóÇ æóÊõÔóßøöáõæäóåóÇ ßóãóÇ ÊõÑöíÏõæäó {æóÇááøóåõ ÎóáóÞóßõãú æóãóÇ ÊóÚúãóáõæäó} [ÇáÕÇÝÇÊ: 96] ¿ æóÓóæóÇÁñ ßóÇäóÊú ãóÇ ãóÕúÏóÑöíøóÉð Ãóæú ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáøóÐöí ÝóãõÞúÊóÖóì ÇáúßóáóÇãö Ãóäøóßõãú ãóÎúáõæÞõæäó æóåóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãó ãóÎúáõæÞóÉñ¡ ÝóßóíúÝó íóÚúÈõÏõ ãóÎúáõæÞñ ãóÎúáõæÞðÇ ãöËúáóåõ ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóíúÓó ÚöÈóÇÏóÊõßõãú

(1/336)


áóåóÇ ÈöÃóæúáóì ãöäú ÚöÈóÇÏóÊöåóÇ áóßõãú¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÈóÇØöáñ ÝóÇáúÂÎóÑõ ÈóÇØöáñ áöáÊøóÍóßøõãöº ÅöÐú áóíúÓóÊö ÇáúÚöÈóÇÏóÉõ ÊóÕúáõÍõ æóáóÇ ÊóÌöÈõ ÅöáøóÇ áöáúÎóÇáöÞö æóÍúÏóåõ áóÇ ÔóÑöíßó áóåõ. {ÞóÇáõæÇ ÇÈúäõæÇ áóåõ ÈõäúíóÇäðÇ ÝóÃóáúÞõæåõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóÍöíãö ÝóÃóÑóÇÏõæÇ Èöåö ßóíúÏðÇ ÝóÌóÚóáúäóÇåõãõ ÇáúÃóÓúÝóáöíäó} [ÇáÕÇÝÇÊ: 97] . ÚóÏóáõæÇ Úóäö ÇáúÌöÏóÇáö æóÇáúãõäóÇÙóÑóÉö áóãøóÇ ÇäúÞóØóÚõæÇ æóÛõáöÈõæÇ¡ æóáóãú ÊóÈúÞó áóåõãú ÍóÌøóÉñ æóáóÇ ÔõÈúåóÉñ¡ Åöáóì ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáö ÞõæøóÊöåöãú æóÓõáúØóÇäöåöãú¡ áöíóäúÕõÑõæÇ ãóÇ åõãú Úóáóíúåö ãöäú ÓóÝóåöåöãú æóØõÛúíóÇäöåöãú¡ ÝóßóÇÏóåõãõ ÇáÑøóÈøõ Ìóáøó ÌóáóÇáõåõ¡ æóÃóÚúáóì ßóáöãóÊóåõ æóÏöíäóåõ æóÈõÑúåóÇäóåõ¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÞóÇáõæÇ ÍóÑøöÞõæåõ æóÇäúÕõÑõæÇ ÂáöåóÊóßõãú Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ÝóÇÚöáöíäó ÞõáúäóÇ íóÇäóÇÑõ ßõæäöí ÈóÑúÏðÇ æóÓóáóÇãðÇ Úóáóì ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó æóÃóÑóÇÏõæÇ Èöåö ßóíúÏðÇ ÝóÌóÚóáúäóÇåõãõ ÇáúÃóÎúÓóÑöíäó} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 68] . æóÐóáößó Ãóäøóåõãú ÔóÑóÚõæÇ íóÌúãóÚõæäó ÍóØóÈðÇ ãöäú ÌóãöíÚö ãóÇ íõãúßöäõåõãú ãöäó ÇáúÃóãóÇßöäö¡ ÝóãóßóËõæÇ ãõÏøóÉð íóÌúãóÚõæäó áóåõ ÍóÊøóì Åöäøó ÇáúãóÑúÃóÉó ãöäúåõãú ßóÇäóÊú ÅöÐóÇ ãóÑöÖóÊú ÊóäúÐöÑõ áóÆöäú ÚõæÝöíóÊú áóÊóÍúãöáóäøó ÍóØóÈðÇ áöÍóÑöíÞö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó¡ Ëõãøó ÚóãóÏõæÇ Åöáóì ÌóæúÈóÉò ÚóÙöíãóÉò ÝóæóÖóÚõæÇ ÝöíåóÇ Ðóáößó ÇáúÍóØóÈó¡ æóÃóØúáóÞõæÇ Ýöíåö ÇáäøóÇÑó ÝóÇÖúØóÑóãóÊú æóÊóÃóÌøóÌóÊú æóÇáúÊóåóÈóÊú¡ æóÚóáóÇåóÇ ÔóÑóÑñ áóãú íõÑó ãöËúáõåõ ÞóØøõ¡ Ëõãøó æóÖóÚõæÇ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ Ýöí ßöÝøóÉö ãóäúÌóäöíÞò ÕóäóÚóåõ áóåõãú ÑóÌõáñ ãöäó ÇáúÃóßúÑóÇÏö íõÞóÇáõ áóåõ åöíÒóäõ¡ æóßóÇäó Ãóæøóáó ãóäú ÕóäóÚó ÇáúãóÌóÇäöíÞó ÝóÎóÓóÝó Çááøóåõ Èöåö ÇáúÃóÑúÖó Ýóåõæó íóÊóÌóáúÌóáõ ÝöíåóÇ Åöáóì íóæúãö ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö¡ Ëõãøó ÃóÎóÐõæÇ íõÞóíøöÏõæäóåõ æóíõßóÊøöÝõæäóåõ¡ æóåõæó íóÞõæáõ: áóÇ Åöáóåó ÅöáøóÇ ÃóäúÊó ÓõÈúÍóÇäóßó¡ áóßó ÇáúÍóãúÏõ æóáóßó Çáúãõáúßõ áóÇ ÔóÑöíßó áóßó. ÝóáóãøóÇ æõÖöÚó ÇáúÎóáöíáõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ Ýöí ßöÝøóÉö ÇáúãóäúÌóäöíÞö ãõÞóíøóÏðÇ ãóßúÊõæÝðÇ¡ Ëõãøó ÃóáúÞóæúåõ

(1/337)


ãöäúåõ Åöáóì ÇáäøóÇÑö ÞóÇáó: ÍóÓúÈõäóÇ Çááøóåõ¡ æóäöÚúãó Çáúæóßöíáõ. ßóãóÇ Ñóæóì ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: ÍóÓúÈõäóÇ Çááøóåõ æóäöÚúãó Çáúæóßöíáõ. ÞóÇáóåóÇ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Íöíäó ÃõáúÞöíó Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö¡ æóÞóÇáóåóÇ ãõÍóãøóÏñ Íöíäó Þöíáó áóåõ: {Åöäøó ÇáäøóÇÓó ÞóÏú ÌóãóÚõæÇ áóßõãú ÝóÇÎúÔóæúåõãú ÝóÒóÇÏóåõãú ÅöíãóÇäðÇ æóÞóÇáõæÇ ÍóÓúÈõäóÇ Çááøóåõ æóäöÚúãó Çáúæóßöíáõ ÝóÇäúÞóáóÈõæÇ ÈöäöÚúãóÉò ãöäó Çááøóåö æóÝóÖúáò áóãú íóãúÓóÓúåõãú ÓõæÁñ} [Âá ÚãÑÇä: 173]
[Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó: 173 - 174] . ÇáúÂíóÉó.
æóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ íóÚúáóì: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÃóÈõæ åöÔóÇãò ÇáÑøöÝóÇÚöíøõ¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞõ Èúäõ ÓõáóíúãóÇäó¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÌóÚúÝóÑò ÇáÑøóÇÒöíøö¡ Úóäú ÚóÇÕöãö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ÇáäøóÌõæÏö¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÕóÇáöÍò¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó ÞóÇáó: ÞóÇáó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «áóãøóÇ ÃõáúÞöíó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö ÞóÇáó: Çááøóåõãøó Åöäøóßó Ýöí ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö æóÇÍöÏñ¡ æóÃóäóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóÇÍöÏñ ÃóÚúÈõÏõßó» .
æóÐóßóÑó ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáÓøóáóÝö Ãóäøó ÌöÈúÑöíáó ÚóÑóÖó áóåõ Ýöí ÇáúåóæóÇÁö ÝóÞóÇáó: Ãóáóßó ÍóÇÌóÉñ¿ ÝóÞóÇáó: ÃóãøóÇ Åöáóíúßó ÝóáóÇ. æóíõÑúæóì Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò¡ æóÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÌõÈóíúÑò Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: ÌóÚóáó ãóáóßõ ÇáúãóØóÑö íóÞõæáõ: ãóÊóì ÃõæãóÑõ ÝóÃõÑúÓöáó ÇáúãóØóÑó¿ ÝóßóÇäó ÃóãúÑõ Çááøóåö ÃóÓúÑóÚó {ÞõáúäóÇ íóÇ äóÇÑõ ßõæäöí ÈóÑúÏðÇ æóÓóáóÇãðÇ Úóáóì ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 69] . ÞóÇáó Úóáöíøõ Èúäõ ÃóÈöí ØóÇáöÈò Ãóíú áóÇ ÊóÖõÑøöíåö¡ æóÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈøóÇÓò æóÃóÈõæ ÇáúÚóÇáöíóÉö: áóæúáóÇ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÞóÇáó: {æóÓóáóÇãðÇ Úóáóì ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 69] áóÃóÐóì ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÈóÑúÏõåóÇ. æóÞóÇáó ßóÚúÈõ ÇáúÃóÍúÈóÇÑö: áóãú íóäúÊóÝöÚú Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÃóÑúÖö íóæúãóÆöÐò ÈöäóÇÑò¡ æóáóãú íõÍúÑóÞú ãöäúåõ Óöæóì æóËóÇÞöåö. æóÞóÇáó ÇáÖøóÍøóÇßõ: íõÑúæóì Ãóäøó ÌöÈúÑöíáó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ßóÇäó ãóÚóåõ íóãúÓóÍõ ÇáúÚóÑóÞó Úóäú æóÌúåöåö áóãú íõÕöÈúåõ ãöäúåóÇ ÔóíúÁñ ÛóíúÑõåõ. æóÞóÇáó ÇáÓøõÏøöíøõ: ßóÇäó ãóÚóåõ ÃóíúÖðÇ ãóáóßõ ÇáÙøöáøö. æóÕóÇÑó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ

(1/338)


Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ Ýöí ãöËúáö ÇáúÌõæäóÉö Íóæúáóåõ ÇáäøóÇÑõ¡ æóåõæó Ýöí ÑóæúÖóÉò ÎóÖúÑóÇÁó¡ æóÇáäøóÇÓõ íóäúÙõÑõæäó Åöáóíúåö áóÇ íóÞúÏöÑõæäó Úóáóì ÇáúæõÕõæáö Åöáóíúåö¡ æóáóÇ åõæó íóÎúÑõÌõ Åöáóíúåöãú ÝóÚóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: ÃóÍúÓóäõ ßóáöãóÉò ÞóÇáóåóÇ ÃóÈõæ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÅöÐú ÞóÇáó áóãøóÇ ÑóÃóì æóáóÏóåõ Úóáóì Êöáúßó ÇáúÍóÇáö: äöÚúãó ÇáÑøóÈøõ ÑóÈøõßó íóÇ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ.
æóÑóæóì ÇÈúäõ ÚóÓóÇßöÑó¡ Úóäú ÚößúÑöãóÉó: Ãóäøó Ãõãøó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó äóÙóÑóÊú Åöáóì ÇÈúäöåóÇ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÝóäóÇÏóÊúåõ: íóÇ Èõäóíøó Åöäøöí ÃõÑöíÏõ Ãóäú ÃóÌöíÁó Åöáóíúßó¡ ÝóÇÏúÚõ Çááøóåó Ãóäú íõäóÌøöíóäöí ãöäú ÍóÑøö ÇáäøóÇÑö Íóæúáóßó. ÝóÞóÇáó: äóÚóãú. ÝóÃóÞúÈóáóÊú Åöáóíúåö áóÇ íóãóÓøõåóÇ ÔóíúÁñ ãöäú ÍóÑøö ÇáäøóÇÑö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ æóÕóáóÊú Åöáóíúåö ÇÚúÊóäóÞóÊúåõ¡ æóÞóÈøóáóÊúåõ¡ Ëõãøó ÚóÇÏóÊú. æóÚóäö ÇáúãöäúåóÇáö Èúäö ÚóãúÑòæ Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: ÃõÎúÈöÑúÊõ Ãóäøó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ãóßóËó åõäóÇßó ÅöãøóÇ ÃóÑúÈóÚöíäó¡ æóÅöãøóÇ ÎóãúÓöíäó íóæúãðÇ¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: ãóÇ ßõäúÊõ ÃóíøóÇãðÇ æóáóíóÇáöíó ÃóØúíóÈó ÚóíúÔðÇ ÅöÐú ßõäúÊõ ÝöíåóÇ¡ æóæóÏöÏúÊõ Ãóäøó ÚóíúÔöí æóÍóíóÇÊöí ßõáøóåóÇ ãöËúáõ ÅöÐú ßõäúÊõ ÝöíåóÇ. ÕóáóæóÇÊõ Çááøóåö æóÓóáóÇãõåõ Úóáóíúåö.
ÝóÃóÑóÇÏõæÇ Ãóäú íóäúÊóÕöÑõæÇ ÝóÎõÐöáõæÇ¡ æóÃóÑóÇÏõæÇ Ãóäú íóÑúÊóÝöÚõæÇ ÝóÇÊøóÖóÚõæÇ¡ æóÃóÑóÇÏõæÇ Ãóäú íóÛúáöÈõæÇ ÝóÛõáöÈõæÇ ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÃóÑóÇÏõæÇ Èöåö ßóíúÏðÇ ÝóÌóÚóáúäóÇåõãõ ÇáúÃóÎúÓóÑöíäó} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 70] . æóÝöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì: ÇáúÃóÓúÝóáöíäó ÝóÝóÇÒõæÇ ÈöÇáúÎóÓóÇÑóÉö æóÇáÓøóÝóÇáö åóÐóÇ Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ¡ æóÃóãøóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö ÝóÅöäøó äóÇÑóåõãú áóÇ Êóßõæäõ Úóáóíúåöãú ÈóÑúÏðÇ æóáóÇ ÓóáóÇãðÇ¡ æóáóÇ íõáóÞøóæúäó ÝöíåóÇ ÊóÍöíøóÉð æóáóÇ ÓóáóÇãðÇ¡ Èóáú åöíó ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÅöäøóåóÇ ÓóÇÁóÊú ãõÓúÊóÞóÑøðÇ æóãõÞóÇãðÇ} [ÇáÝÑÞÇä: 66] .
ÞóÇáó ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÚõÈóíúÏõ Çááøóåö Èúäõ ãõæÓóì Ãóæö ÇÈúäõ ÓóáøóÇãò Úóäúåõ¡

(1/339)


ÃóäúÈóÃóäóÇ ÇÈúäõ ÌõÑóíúÌò¡ Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÍóãöíÏö Èúäö ÌõÈóíúÑò¡ Úóäú ÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÇáúãõÓóíøóÈö¡ Úóäú Ãõãøö ÔóÑöíßò Ãóäøó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÃóãóÑó ÈöÞóÊúáö ÇáúæóÒóÛö. æóÞóÇáó «ßóÇäó íóäúÝõÎõ Úóáóì ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó» . æóÑóæóÇåõ ãõÓúáöãñ ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÇÈúäö ÌõÑóíúÌò¡ æóÃóÎúÑóÌóÇåõ¡ æóÇáäøóÓóÇÆöíøõ¡ æóÇÈúäõ ãóÇÌóåú ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÓõÝúíóÇäó Èúäö ÚõíóíúäóÉó¡ ßöáóÇåõãóÇ Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÍóãöíÏö Èúäö ÌõÈóíúÑö Èúäö ÔóíúÈóÉó Èöåö. æóÞóÇáó ÃóÍúãóÏõ: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÈóßúÑò¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÇÈúäõ ÌõÑóíúÌò ÃóÎúÈóÑóäöí ÚóÈúÏõ Çááøóåö Èúäõ ÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ÃõãóíøóÉó Ãóäøó äóÇÝöÚðÇ ãóæúáóì ÇÈúäö ÚõãóÑó ÃóÎúÈóÑóåõ Ãóäøó ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ÃóÎúÈóÑóÊúåõ Ãóäøó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÇáó: «ÇÞúÊõáõæÇ ÇáúæóÒóÛó ÝóÅöäøóåõ ßóÇäó íóäúÝõÎõ Úóáóì ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÇáäøóÇÑó» . ÞóÇáó: ÝóßóÇäóÊú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉõ ÊóÞúÊõáõåõäøó. æóÞóÇáó ÃóÍúãóÏõ: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÃóíøõæÈõ¡ Úóäú äóÇÝöÚò Ãóäøó ÇãúÑóÃóÉð ÏóÎóáóÊú Úóáóì ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÑõãúÍñ ãóäúÕõæÈñ ÝóÞóÇáóÊú: ãóÇ åóÐóÇ ÇáÑøõãúÍõ¿ ÝóÞóÇáóÊú: äóÞúÊõáõ Èöåö ÇáúÃóæúÒóÇÛó¡ Ëõãøó ÍóÏøóËóÊú Úóäú ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «Ãóäøó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó áóãøóÇ ÃõáúÞöíó Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö ÌóÚóáóÊö ÇáÏøóæóÇÈøõ ßõáøõåóÇ ÊõØúÝöÆõ Úóäúåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúæóÒóÛó ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÌóÚóáó íóäúÝõÎõåóÇ Úóáóíúåö» . ÊóÝóÑøóÏó Èöåö ÃóÍúãóÏõ ãöäú åóÐóíúäö ÇáúæóÌúåóíúäö.
æóÞóÇáó ÃóÍúãóÏõ: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÚóÝøóÇäõ¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÌóÑöíÑñ¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ äóÇÝöÚñ ÍóÏøóËóÊúäöí ÓóÇÆöÈóÉõ ãóæúáóÇÉõ ÇáúÝóÇßöåö Èúäö ÇáúãõÛöíÑóÉö ÞóÇáóÊú ÏóÎóáúÊõ Úóáóì ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó

(1/340)


ÝóÑóÃóíúÊõ Ýöí ÈóíúÊöåóÇ ÑõãúÍðÇ ãóæúÖõæÚðÇ ÝóÞõáúÊõ: íóÇ Ãõãøó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ãóÇ ÊóÕúäóÚöíäó ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáÑøõãúÍö¿ ÞóÇáóÊú: åóÐóÇ áöåóÐöåö ÇáúÃóæúÒóÇÛö äóÞúÊõáõåõäøó Èöåö ÝóÅöäøó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ «Ãóäøó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Íöíäó ÃõáúÞöíó Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö áóãú Êóßõäú Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÏóÇÈøóÉñ ÅöáøóÇ ÊõØúÝöÆõ Úóäúåõ ÇáäøóÇÑó ÛóíúÑó ÇáúæóÒóÛö ßóÇäó íóäúÝõÎõ Úóáóíúåö» . ÝóÃóãóÑóäóÇ ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÈöÞóÊúáöåö. æóÑóæóÇåõ ÇÈúäõ ãóÇÌóåú¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ÔóíúÈóÉó¡ Úóäú íõæäõÓó Èúäö ãõÍóãøóÏò¡ Úóäú ÌóÑöíÑö Èúäö ÍóÇÒöãò Èöåö.

(1/341)


[ÐößúÑõ ãõäóÇÙóÑóÉö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÇáúÎóáöíáö ãóÚó ãóäö ÇÏøóÚóì ÇáÑøõÈõæÈöíøóÉó]
ÐößúÑõ ãõäóÇÙóÑóÉö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÇáúÎóáöíáö ãóÚó ãóäú ÃóÑóÇÏó Ãóäú íõäóÇÒöÚó ÇáúÚóÙöíãó ÇáúÌóáöíáó Ýöí ÅöÒóÇÑö ÇáúÚóÙóãóÉö æóÑöÏóÇÁö ÇáúßöÈúÑöíóÇÁö ÝóÇÏøóÚóì ÇáÑøõÈõæÈöíøóÉó æóåõæó ÃóÍóÏõ ÇáúÚóÈöíÏö ÇáÖøõÚóÝóÇÁö
ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Ãóáóãú ÊóÑó Åöáóì ÇáøóÐöí ÍóÇÌøó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Ýöí ÑóÈøöåö Ãóäú ÂÊóÇåõ Çááøóåõ Çáúãõáúßó ÅöÐú ÞóÇáó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÑóÈøöíó ÇáøóÐöí íõÍúíöí æóíõãöíÊõ ÞóÇáó ÃóäóÇ ÃõÍúíöí æóÃõãöíÊõ ÞóÇáó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó íóÃúÊöí ÈöÇáÔøóãúÓö ãöäó ÇáúãóÔúÑöÞö ÝóÃúÊö ÈöåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúãóÛúÑöÈö ÝóÈõåöÊó ÇáøóÐöí ßóÝóÑó æóÇááøóåõ áóÇ íóåúÏöí ÇáúÞóæúãó ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 258] . [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö: 258] . íóÐúßõÑõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ãõäóÇÙóÑóÉó Îóáöíáöåö ãóÚó åóÐóÇ Çáúãóáößö ÇáúÌóÈøóÇÑö ÇáúãõÊóãóÑøöÏö ÇáøóÐöí ÇÏøóÚóì áöäóÝúÓöåö ÇáÑøõÈõæÈöíøóÉö ÝóÃóÈúØóáó ÇáúÎóáöíáõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ Ïóáöíáóåõ¡ æóÈóíøóäó ßóËúÑóÉó Ìóåúáöåö æóÞöáøóÉó ÚóÞúáöåö¡ æóÃóáúÌóãóåõ ÇáúÍõÌøóÉó æóÃóæúÖóÍó áóåõ ØóÑöíÞó ÇáúãóÍóÌøóÉö.
ÞóÇáó ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑõæäó æóÛóíúÑõåõãú ãöäú ÚõáóãóÇÁö ÇáäøóÓóÈö æóÇáúÃóÎúÈóÇÑö: æóåóÐóÇ Çáúãóáößõ åõæó ãóáößõ ÈóÇÈöáó¡ æóÇÓúãõåõ ÇáäøõãúÑõæÏõ Èúäõ ßóäúÚóÇäó Èúäö ßõæÔö Èúäö ÓóÇãö Èúäö äõæÍò ÞóÇáóåõ ãõÌóÇåöÏñ. æóÞóÇáó ÛóíúÑõåõ: äõãúÑõæÏõ Èúäõ ÝóÇáöÍö Èúäö ÚóÇÈóÑó Èúäö ÕóÇáöÍö Èúäö ÃóÑúÝóÎúÔóÏó Èúäö ÓóÇãö Èúäö äõæÍò. ÞóÇáó ãõÌóÇåöÏñ æóÛóíúÑõåõ: æóßóÇäó ÃóÍóÏó ãõáõæßö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ.

(1/342)


ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÞóÏú ãóáóßó ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ÝöíãóÇ ÐóßóÑõæÇ ÃóÑúÈóÚóÉñ ãõÄúãöäóÇäö æóßóÇÝöÑóÇäö¡ ÝóÇáúãõÄúãöäóÇäöº Ðõæ ÇáúÞóÑúäóíúäö æóÓõáóíúãóÇäõ. æóÇáúßóÇÝöÑóÇäöº ÇáäøõãúÑõæÏõ æÈõÎúÊõäóÕøóÑó¡ æóÐóßóÑõæÇ Ãóäøó äõãúÑõæÏðÇ åóÐóÇ ÇÓúÊóãóÑøó Ýöí ãõáúßöåö ÃóÑúÈóÚóãöÇÆóÉö ÓóäóÉò¡ æóßóÇäó ÞóÏú ØóÛóÇ æóÈóÛóÇ æóÊóÌóÈøóÑó æóÚóÊóÇ¡ æóÂËóÑó ÇáúÍóíóÇÉó ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ¡ æóáóãøóÇ ÏóÚóÇåõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÇáúÎóáöíáõ Åöáóì ÚöÈóÇÏóÉö Çááøóåö æóÍúÏóåõ áóÇ ÔóÑöíßó áóåõ Íóãóáóåõ ÇáúÌóåúáõ æóÇáÖøóáóÇáõ æóØõæáõ ÇáúÅöãúåóÇáö Úóáóì ÅöäúßóÇÑö ÇáÕøóÇäöÚö¡ ÝóÍóÇÌøó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÇáúÎóáöíáó Ýöí Ðóáößó æóÇÏøóÚóì áöäóÝúÓöåö ÇáÑøõÈõæÈöíøóÉó¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÞóÇáó áóåõ ÇáúÎóáöíáõ: {ÑóÈøöíó ÇáøóÐöí íõÍúíöí æóíõãöíÊõ ÞóÇáó ÃóäóÇ ÃõÍúíöí æóÃõãöíÊõ} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 258] .
ÞóÇáó ÞóÊóÇÏóÉõ¡ æóÇáÓøõÏøöíøõ¡ æóãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó: íóÚúäöí Ãóäøóåõ ÅöÐóÇ ÃõÊöíó ÈöÇáÑøóÌõáóíúäö ÞóÏú ÊóÍóÊøóãó ÞóÊúáõåõãóÇ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÃóãóÑó ÈöÞóÊúáö ÃóÍóÏöåöãóÇ¡ æóÚóÝóÇ Úóäö ÇáúÂÎóÑö¡ ÝóßóÃóäøóåõ ÞóÏú ÃóÍúíóÇ åóÐóÇ æóÃóãóÇÊó ÇáúÂÎóÑó¡ æóåóÐóÇ áóíúÓó ÈöãõÚóÇÑóÖóÉò áöáúÎóáöíáö¡ Èóáú åõæó ßóáóÇãñ ÎóÇÑöÌöíøñ Úóäú ãóÞóÇãö ÇáúãõäóÇÙóÑóÉö áóíúÓó ÈöãóäúÚò æóáóÇ ÈöãõÚóÇÑóÖóÉò¡ Èóáú åõæó ÊóÔúÛöíÈñ ãóÍúÖñ¡ æóåõæó ÇäúÞöØóÇÚñ Ýöí ÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÎóáöíáó ÇÓúÊóÏóáøó Úóáóì æõÌõæÏö ÇáÕøóÇäöÚö ÈöÍõÏõæËö åóÐöåö ÇáúãõÔóÇåóÏóÇÊöº ãöäú ÅöÍúíóÇÁö ÇáúÍóíóæóÇäóÇÊö¡ æóãóæúÊöåóÇ Úóáóì æõÌõæÏö ÝóÇÚöáö Ðóáößó ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ ÈõÏøó ãöäö ÇÓúÊöäóÇÏöåóÇ Åöáóì æõÌõæÏöåö ÖóÑõæÑóÉð¡ æóÚóÏóãö ÞöíóÇãöåóÇ ÈöäóÝúÓöåóÇ¡ æóáóÇ ÈõÏøó ãöäú ÝóÇÚöáò áöåóÐöåö ÇáúÍóæóÇÏöËö ÇáúãõÔóÇåóÏóÉöº ãöäú ÎóáúÞöåóÇ¡ æóÊóÓúÎöíÑöåóÇ¡ æóÊóÓúíöíÑö åóÐöåö ÇáúßóæóÇßöÈö¡ æóÇáÑøöíóÇÍö¡ æóÇáÓøóÍóÇÈö¡ æóÇáúãóØóÑö¡ æóÎóáúÞö åóÐöåö ÇáúÍóíóæóÇäóÇÊö ÇáøóÊöí ÊõæÌóÏõ ãõÔóÇåóÏóÉð¡ Ëõãøó ÅöãóÇÊóÊöåóÇ. æóáöåóÐóÇ {ÞóÇáó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÑóÈøöíó ÇáøóÐöí íõÍúíöí æóíõãöíÊõ} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 258] . ÝóÞóæúáõ

(1/343)


åóÐóÇ Çáúãóáößö ÇáúÌóÇåöáö: {ÃóäóÇ ÃõÍúíöí æóÃõãöíÊõ} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 258] . Åöäú Úóäóì Ãóäøóåõ ÇáúÝóÇÚöáõ áöåóÐöåö ÇáúãõÔóÇåóÏóÇÊö ÝóÞóÏú ßóÇÈóÑó æóÚóÇäóÏó¡ æóÅöäú Úóäóì ãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ ÞóÊóÇÏóÉõ¡ æóÇáÓøõÏøöíøõ¡ æóãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó Ýóáóãú íóÞõáú ÔóíúÆðÇ íóÊóÚóáøóÞõ ÈößóáóÇãö ÇáúÎóáöíáöº ÅöÐú áóãú íóãúäóÚú ãõÞóÏøöãóÉð æóáóÇ ÚóÇÑóÖó ÇáÏøóáöíáó¡ æóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ÇäúÞöØóÇÚõ ãõäóÇÙóÑóÉö åóÐóÇ Çáúãóáößö ÞóÏú ÊóÎúÝóì Úóáóì ßóËöíÑò ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö ãöãøóäú ÍóÖóÑóåõ æóÛóíúÑöåöãú¡ ÐóßóÑó ÏóáöíáðÇ ÂÎóÑó Èóíøóäó æõÌõæÏó ÇáÕøóÇäöÚö æóÈõØúáóÇäó ãóÇ ÇÏøóÚóÇåõ ÇáäøõãúÑõæÏõ¡ æóÇäúÞöØóÇÚóåõ ÌóåúÑóÉð {ÞóÇáó ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó íóÃúÊöí ÈöÇáÔøóãúÓö ãöäó ÇáúãóÔúÑöÞö ÝóÃúÊö ÈöåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúãóÛúÑöÈö} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 258] . Ãóíú åóÐöåö ÇáÔøóãúÓõ ãõÓóÎøóÑóÉñ ßõáøó íóæúãò ÊóØúáõÚõ ãöäó ÇáúãóÔúÑöÞö ßóãóÇ ÓóÎøóÑóåóÇ ÎóÇáöÞõåóÇ æóãõÓóíøöÑõåóÇ æóÞóÇåöÑõåóÇ¡ æóåõæó Çááøóåõ ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ Åöáóåó ÅöáøóÇ åõæó ÎóÇáöÞõ ßõáøö ÔóíúÁò¡ ÝóÅöäú ßõäúÊó ßóãóÇ ÒóÚóãúÊó ãöäú Ãóäøóßó ÇáøóÐöí ÊõÍúíöí æóÊõãöíÊõ¡ ÝóÃúÊö ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáÔøóãúÓö ãöäó ÇáúãóÛúÑöÈö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáøóÐöí íõÍúíöí æóíõãöíÊõ åõæó ÇáøóÐöí íóÝúÚóáõ ãóÇ íóÔóÇÁõ¡ æóáóÇ íõãóÇäóÚõ æóáóÇ íõÛóÇáóÈõ¡ Èóáú ÞóÏú ÞóåóÑó ßõáøó ÔóíúÁò¡ æóÏóÇäó áóåõ ßõáøõ ÔóíúÁò¡ ÝóÅöäú ßõäúÊó ßóãóÇ ÊóÒúÚõãõ ÝóÇÝúÚóáú åóÐóÇ¡ ÝóÅöäú áóãú ÊóÝúÚóáúåõ ÝóáóÓúÊó ßóãóÇ ÒóÚóãúÊó¡ æóÃóäúÊó ÊóÚúáóãõ æóßõáøõ ÃóÍóÏò Ãóäøóßó áóÇ ÊóÞúÏöÑõ Úóáóì ÔóíúÁò ãöäú åóÐóÇ¡ Èóáú ÃóäúÊó ÃóÚúÌóÒõ æóÃóÞóáøõ ãöäú Ãóäú ÊóÎúáõÞó ÈóÚõæÖóÉð Ãóæú ÊóäúÊóÕöÑó ãöäúåóÇ ÝóÈóíøóäó ÖóáóÇáóåõ æóÌóåúáóåõ¡ æóßóÐöÈóåõ ÝöíãóÇ ÇÏøóÚóÇåõ æóÈõØúáóÇäó ãóÇ Óóáóßóåõ æóÊóÈóÌøóÍó Èöåö ÚöäúÏó ÌóåóáóÉö Þóæúãöåö¡ æóáóãú íóÈúÞó áóåõ ßóáóÇãñ íõÌöíÈõ ÇáúÎóáöíáó Èöåö¡ Èóáö ÇäúÞóØóÚó æóÓóßóÊóº æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó: {ÝóÈõåöÊó ÇáøóÐöí ßóÝóÑó æóÇááøóåõ áóÇ íóåúÏöí ÇáúÞóæúãó ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 258] .
æóÞóÏú ÐóßóÑó ÇáÓøõÏøöíøõ Ãóäøó åóÐöåö ÇáúãõäóÇÙóÑóÉó ßóÇäóÊú Èóíúäó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó æóÈóíúäó ÇáäøõãúÑõæÏö íóæúãó ÎóÑóÌó ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÑö¡ æóáóãú íóßõäö ÇÌúÊóãóÚó Èöåö ÅöáøóÇ íóæúãóÆöÐò ÝóßóÇäóÊú ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ åóÐöåö ÇáúãõäóÇÙóÑóÉõ¡

(1/344)


æóÞóÏú Ñóæóì ÚóÈúÏõ ÇáÑøóÒøóÇÞö¡ Úóäú ãóÚúãóÑò¡ Úóäú ÒóíúÏö Èúäö ÃóÓúáóãó Ãóäøó ÇáäøõãúÑõæÏó ßóÇäó ÚöäúÏóåõ ØóÚóÇãñ¡ æóßóÇäó ÇáäøóÇÓõ íóÝöÏõæäó Åöáóíúåö áöáúãöíÑóÉö ÝóæóÝóÏó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Ýöí ÌõãúáóÉö ãóäú æóÝóÏó áöáúãöíÑóÉö ÝóßóÇäó ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ åóÐöåö ÇáúãõäóÇÙóÑóÉõ¡ æóáóãú íõÚúØó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ãöäó ÇáØøóÚóÇãö ßóãóÇ ÃõÚúØöíó ÇáäøóÇÓõ¡ Èóáú ÎóÑóÌó æóáóíúÓó ãóÚóåõ ÔóíúÁñ ãöäó ÇáØøóÚóÇãö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÞóÑõÈó ãöäú Ãóåúáöåö ÚóãóÏó Åöáóì ßóËöíÈò ãöäó ÇáÊøõÑóÇÈö ÝóãóáóÃó ãöäúåõ ÚöÏúáóíúåö. æóÞóÇáó ÃóÔúÛóáõ Ãóåúáöí ÅöÐóÇ ÞóÏöãúÊõ Úóáóíúåöãú¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÞóÏöãó æóÖóÚó ÑöÍóÇáóåõ æóÌóÇÁó ÝóÇÊøóßóÃó ÝóäóÇãó¡ ÝóÞóÇãóÊö ÇãúÑóÃóÊõåõ ÓóÇÑóÉõ Åöáóì ÇáúÚöÏúáóíúäö ÝóæóÌóÏóÊúåõãóÇ ãóáúÂäóíúäö ØóÚóÇãðÇ ØóíøöÈðÇ ÝóÚóãöáóÊú ãöäúåõ ØóÚóÇãðÇ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÇÓúÊóíúÞóÙó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ æóÌóÏó ÇáøóÐöí ÞóÏú ÃóÕúáóÍõæåõ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: Ãóäøóì áóßõãú åóÐóÇ¿ ÞóÇáóÊú: ãöäó ÇáøóÐöí ÌöÆúÊó Èöåö. ÝóÚóÑóÝó Ãóäøóåõ ÑöÒúÞñ ÑóÒóÞóåõãõæåõ Çááøóåõ ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó ÞóÇáó ÒóíúÏõ Èúäõ ÃóÓúáóãó: æóÈóÚóËó Çááøóåõ Åöáóì Ðóáößó Çáúãóáößö ÇáúÌóÈøóÇÑö ãóáóßðÇ íóÃúãõÑõåõ ÈöÇáúÅöíãóÇäö ÈöÇááøóåö ÝóÃóÈóì Úóáóíúåö¡ Ëõãøó ÏóÚóÇåõ ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉó ÝóÃóÈóì Úóáóíúåö¡ Ëõãøó ÇáËøóÇáöËóÉó ÝóÃóÈóì Úóáóíúåö. æóÞóÇáó: ÇÌúãóÚú ÌõãõæÚóßó æóÃóÌúãóÚõ ÌõãõæÚöí. ÝóÌóãóÚó ÇáäøõãúÑõæÏõ ÌóíúÔóåõ æóÌõäõæÏóåõ æóÞúÊó ØõáõæÚö ÇáÔøóãúÓö¡ ÝóÃóÑúÓóáó Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö ÐõÈóÇÈðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÈóÚõæÖö ÈöÍóíúËõ áóãú íóÑóæúÇ Úóíúäó ÇáÔøóãúÓö¡ æóÓóáøóØóåóÇ Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåöãú ÝóÃóßóáóÊú áõÍõæãóåõãú æóÏöãóÇÁóåõãú¡ æóÊóÑóßóÊúåõãú ÚöÙóÇãðÇ ÈóÇáöíóÉð¡ æóÏóÎóáóÊú æóÇÍöÏóÉñ ãöäúåóÇ Ýöí ãóäúÎóÑóíö Çáúãóáößö¡ ÝóãóßóËóÊú Ýöí ãóäúÎóÑóíúåö ÃóÑúÈóÚóãöÇÆóÉö ÓóäóÉò ÚóÐøóÈóåõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöåóÇ ÝóßóÇäó íóÖúÑöÈõ ÑóÃúÓóåõ ÈöÇáúãóÑóÇÒöÈö Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúãõÏøóÉö ßõáøöåóÇ ÍóÊøóì Ãóåúáóßóåõ Çááøóåõ ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó ÈöåóÇ¡ æóÇááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÃóÚúáóãõ.

(1/345)


[ÐößúÑõ åöÌúÑóÉö ÇáúÎóáöíáö Åöáóì ÈöáóÇÏö ÇáÔøóÇãö æóÏõÎõæáöåö ÇáÏøöíóÇÑó ÇáúãöÕúÑöíøóÉó]
ó æóÇÓúÊöÞúÑóÇÑöåö Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÇáúãõÞóÏøóÓóÉö
ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóÂãóäó áóåõ áõæØñ æóÞóÇáó Åöäøöí ãõåóÇÌöÑñ Åöáóì ÑóÈøöí Åöäøóåõ åõæó ÇáúÚóÒöíÒõ ÇáúÍóßöíãõ æóæóåóÈúäóÇ áóåõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó æóíóÚúÞõæÈó æóÌóÚóáúäóÇ Ýöí ÐõÑøöíøóÊöåö ÇáäøõÈõæøóÉó æóÇáúßöÊóÇÈó æóÂÊóíúäóÇåõ ÃóÌúÑóåõ Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ æóÅöäøóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö áóãöäó ÇáÕøóÇáöÍöíäó} [ÇáÚäßÈæÊ: 26] {æóæóåóÈúäóÇ áóåõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó æóíóÚúÞõæÈó äóÇÝöáóÉð æóßõáøðÇ ÌóÚóáúäóÇ ÕóÇáöÍöíäó - æóÌóÚóáúäóÇåõãú ÃóÆöãøóÉð íóåúÏõæäó ÈöÃóãúÑöäóÇ æóÃóæúÍóíúäóÇ Åöáóíúåöãú ÝöÚúáó ÇáúÎóíúÑóÇÊö æóÅöÞóÇãó ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö æóÅöíÊóÇÁó ÇáÒøóßóÇÉö æóßóÇäõæÇ áóäóÇ ÚóÇÈöÏöíäó} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 72 - 73]
[ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö: 71 - 73] . áóãøóÇ åóÌóÑó Þóæúãóåõ Ýöí Çááøóåö¡ æóåóÇÌóÑó ãöäú Èóíúäö ÃóÙúåõÑöåöãú¡ æóßóÇäóÊö ÇãúÑóÃóÊõåõ ÚóÇÞöÑðÇ áóÇ íõæáóÏõ áóåóÇ¡ æóáóãú íóßõäú áóåõ ãöäó ÇáúæóáóÏö ÃóÍóÏñ¡ Èóáú ãóÚóåõ ÇÈúäõ ÃóÎöíåö áõæØõ Èúäõ åóÇÑóÇäó Èúäö ÂÒóÑó æóåóÈóåõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó ÇáúÃóæúáóÇÏó ÇáÕøóÇáöÍöíäó¡ æóÌóÚóáó Ýöí ÐõÑøöíøóÊöåö ÇáäøõÈõæøóÉó æóÇáúßöÊóÇÈó¡ Ýóßõáøõ äóÈöíøò ÈõÚöËó ÈóÚúÏóåõ Ýóåõæó ãöäú ÐõÑøöíøóÊöåö¡ æóßõáøõ ßöÊóÇÈò äóÒóáó ãöäó ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö Úóáóì äóÈöíøò ãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö ãöäú ÈóÚúÏöåö ÝóÚóáóì ÃóÍóÏö äóÓúáöåö æóÚóÞöÈöåö ÎöáúÚóÉð ãöäó Çááøóåö æóßóÑóÇãóÉð áóåõ Íöíäó ÊóÑóßó ÈöáóÇÏóåõ æóÃóåúáóåõ æóÃóÞúÑöÈóÇÁóåõ¡ æóåóÇÌóÑó Åöáóì ÈóáóÏò íóÊóãóßøóäõ ÝöíåóÇ ãöäú ÚöÈóÇÏóÉö ÑóÈøöåö ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó æóÏóÚúæóÉö ÇáúÎóáúÞö Åöáóíúåö¡ æóÇáúÃóÑúÖõ ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÕóÏóåóÇ ÈöÇáúåöÌúÑóÉö ÃóÑúÖõ ÇáÔøóÇãö¡ æóåöíó ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó: {Åöáóì ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÇáøóÊöí ÈóÇÑóßúäóÇ ÝöíåóÇ áöáúÚóÇáóãöíäó} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 71] . ÞóÇáóåõ ÃõÈóíøõ Èúäõ ßóÚúÈò¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÇáúÚóÇáöíóÉö¡

(1/346)


æóÞóÊóÇÏóÉõ¡ æóÛóíúÑõåõãú.
æóÑóæóì ÇáúÚóæúÝöíøõ¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò Þóæúáóåõ: {Åöáóì ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÇáøóÊöí ÈóÇÑóßúäóÇ ÝöíåóÇ áöáúÚóÇáóãöíäó} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 71] . ãóßøóÉó Ãóáóãú ÊóÓúãóÚú Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö: {Åöäøó Ãóæøóáó ÈóíúÊò æõÖöÚó áöáäøóÇÓö áóáøóÐöí ÈöÈóßøóÉó ãõÈóÇÑóßðÇ æóåõÏðì áöáúÚóÇáóãöíäó} [Âá ÚãÑÇä: 96] . æóÒóÚóãó ßóÚúÈõ ÇáúÃóÍúÈóÇÑö ÃóäøóåóÇ ÍóÑøóÇäõ. æóÞóÏú ÞóÏøóãúäóÇ Úóäú äóÞúáö Ãóåúáö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö Ãóäøóåõ ÎóÑóÌó ãöäú ÃóÑúÖö ÈóÇÈöáó åõæó æóÇÈúäõ ÃóÎöíåö áõæØñ¡ æóÃóÎõæåõ äóÇÍõæÑõ¡ æóÇãúÑóÃóÉõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÓóÇÑóÉõ¡ æóÇãúÑóÃóÉõ ÃóÎöíåö ãóáúßóÇ¡ ÝóäóÒóáõæÇ ÍóÑøóÇäó ÝóãóÇÊó ÊóÇÑóÎõ ÃóÈõæ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÈöåóÇ.
æóÞóÇáó ÇáÓøõÏøöíøõ: ÇäúØóáóÞó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ æóáõæØñ ÞöÈóáó ÇáÔøóÇãö ÝóáóÞöíó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÓóÇÑóÉó¡ æóåöíó ÇÈúäóÉõ ãóáößö ÍóÑøóÇäó¡ æóÞóÏú ØóÚóäóÊú Úóáóì ÞóæúãöåóÇ Ýöí Ïöíäöåöãú ÝóÊóÒóæøóÌóåóÇ Úóáóì Ãóäú áóÇ íõÛóíøöÑóåóÇ. ÑóæóÇåõ ÇÈúäõ ÌóÑöíÑò¡ æóåõæó ÛóÑöíÈñ¡ æóÇáúãóÔúåõæÑõ ÃóäøóåóÇ ÇÈúäóÉõ Úóãøöåö åóÇÑóÇäó ÇáøóÐöí ÊõäúÓóÈõ Åöáóíúåö ÍóÑøóÇäõ¡ æóãóäú ÒóÚóãó ÃóäøóåóÇ ÇÈúäóÉõ ÃóÎöíåö åóÇÑóÇäó ÃõÎúÊõ áõæØò¡ ßóãóÇ ÍóßóÇåõ ÇáÓøõåóíúáöíøõ¡ Úóäö ÇáúÞõÊóÈöíøö¡ æóÇáäøóÞøóÇÔö ÝóÞóÏú ÃóÈúÚóÏó ÇáäøõÌúÚóÉó¡ æóÞóÇáó ÈöáóÇ Úöáúãò¡ æóÇÏøóÚóì Ãóäøó ÊóÒúæöíÌó ÈöäúÊö ÇáúÃóÎö ßóÇäó ÅöÐú ÐóÇßó ãóÔúÑõæÚðÇ ÝóáóíúÓó áóåõ Úóáóì Ðóáößó Ïóáöíáñ. æóáóæú ÝõÑöÖó Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ßóÇäó ãóÔúÑõæÚðÇ Ýöí æóÞúÊò¡ ßóãóÇ åõæó ãóäúÞõæáñ Úóäö ÇáÑøóÈøóÇäöíøöíäó ãöäó ÇáúíóåõæÏö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁó áóÇ ÊóÊóÚóÇØóÇåõ¡ æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ. Ëõãøó ÇáúãóÔúåõæÑõ Ãóäøó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ áóãøóÇ åóÇÌóÑó ãöäú ÈóÇÈöáó ÎóÑóÌó ÈöÓóÇÑóÉó ãõåóÇÌöÑðÇ ãöäú ÈöáóÇÏöåö¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó¡ æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ. æóÐóßóÑó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö Ãóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ÞóÏöãó ÇáÔøóÇãó ÃóæúÍóì Çááøóåõ Åöáóíúåö Åöäøöí ÌóÇÚöáñ åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÑúÖó áöÎóáóÝößó ãöäú ÈóÚúÏößó ÝóÇÈúÊóäóì ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ãóÐúÈóÍðÇ áöáøóåö ÔõßúÑðÇ Úóáóì åóÐöåö ÇáäøöÚúãóÉö¡ æóÖóÑóÈó ÞõÈøóÊóåõ ÔóÑúÞöíøó ÈóíúÊö

(1/347)


ÇáúãóÞúÏöÓö¡ Ëõãøó ÇäúØóáóÞó ãõÑúÊóÍöáðÇ Åöáóì Çáúíóãóäö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ßóÇäó ÌõæÚñ Ãóíú ÞóÍúØñ æóÔöÏøóÉñ¡ æóÛóáóÇÁñ ÝóÇÑúÊóÍóáõæÇ Åöáóì ãöÕúÑó¡ æóÐóßóÑõæÇ ÞöÕøóÉó ÓóÇÑóÉó ãóÚó ãóáößöåóÇ¡ æóÃóäøó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÞóÇáó áóåóÇ Þõæáöí: ÃóäóÇ ÃõÎúÊõåõ. æóÐóßóÑõæÇ ÅöÎúÏóÇãó Çáúãóáößö ÅöíøóÇåóÇ åóÇÌóÑó¡ Ëõãøó ÃóÎúÑóÌóåõãú ãöäúåóÇ ÝóÑóÌóÚõæÇ Åöáóì ÈöáóÇÏö ÇáÊøóíóãøõäö íóÚúäöí ÃóÑúÖó ÈóíúÊö ÇáúãóÞúÏöÓö¡ æóãóÇ æóÇáóÇåóÇ æóãóÚóåõ ÏóæóÇÈøõ æóÚóÈöíÏñ æóÃóãúæóÇáñ.
æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ãóÍúÈõæÈò¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÍóãøóÇÏõ Èúäõ ÒóíúÏò¡ Úóäú ÃóíøõæÈó¡ Úóäú ãõÍóãøóÏò¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó ÞóÇáó: áóãú íóßúÐöÈú ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÅöáøóÇ ËóáóÇËó ßóÐóÈóÇÊò¡ ËöäúÊóÇäö ãöäúåõäøó Ýöí ÐóÇÊö Çááøóåö Þóæúáõåõ: {Åöäøöí ÓóÞöíãñ} [ÇáÕÇÝÇÊ: 89] æóÞóæúáõåõ: {Èóáú ÝóÚóáóåõ ßóÈöíÑõåõãú åóÐóÇ} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 63] . æóÞóÇáó: ÈóíúäóÇ åõæó ÐóÇÊó íóæúãò æóÓóÇÑóÉõ ÅöÐú ÃóÊóì Úóáóì ÌóÈøóÇÑò ãöäó ÇáúÌóÈóÇÈöÑóÉö¡ ÝóÞöíáó áóåõ: åóÇåõäóÇ ÑóÌõáñ ãóÚóåõ ÇãúÑóÃóÉñ ãöäú ÃóÍúÓóäö ÇáäøóÇÓö. ÝóÃóÑúÓóáó Åöáóíúåö ÝóÓóÃóáóåõ ÚóäúåóÇ. ÝóÞóÇáó: ãóäú åóÐöåö¿ ÞóÇáó: ÃõÎúÊöí. ÝóÃóÊóì ÓóÇÑóÉó ÝóÞóÇáó: íóÇ ÓóÇÑóÉõ áóíúÓó Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ãõÄúãöäñ ÛóíúÑöí æóÛóíúÑóßö¡ æóÅöäøó åóÐóÇ ÓóÃóáóäöí ÝóÃóÎúÈóÑúÊõåõ Ãóäøóßö ÃõÎúÊöí ÝóáóÇ ÊõßóÐøöÈöíäöí. ÝóÃóÑúÓóáó ÅöáóíúåóÇ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÏóÎóáóÊú Úóáóíúåö ÐóåóÈó íóÊóäóÇæóáõåóÇ ÈöíóÏöåö ÝóÃõÎöÐó¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: ÇÏúÚöí Çááøóåó áöí¡ æóáóÇ ÃóÖõÑøõßö. ÝóÏóÚóÊö Çááøóåó ÝóÃõØúáöÞó¡ Ëõãøó ÊóäóÇæóáóåóÇ ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉó¡ ÝóÃõÎöÐó ãöËúáóåóÇ Ãóæú ÃóÔóÏøó¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: ÇÏúÚöí Çááøóåó áöí¡ æóáóÇ ÃóÖõÑøõßö. ÝóÏóÚóÊú ÝóÃõØúáöÞó ÝóÏóÚóÇ ÈóÚúÖó ÍóÌóÈóÊöåö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: Åöäøóßó áóãú ÊóÃúÊöäöí ÈöÅöäúÓóÇäò¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóÊóíúÊóäöí ÈöÔóíúØóÇäò ÝóÃóÎúÏóãóåóÇ åóÇÌóÑó. ÝóÃóÊóÊúåõ æóåõæó ÞóÇÆöãñ íõÕóáøöí ÝóÃóæúãóÃó ÈöíóÏöåöº ãóåúíóãú¿ ÝóÞóÇáóÊú: ÑóÏøó Çááøóåõ ßóíúÏó ÇáúßóÇÝöÑö Ãóæö ÇáúÝóÇÌöÑö Ýöí äóÍúÑöåö¡ æóÃóÎúÏóãó åóÇÌóÑó. ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ åõÑóíúÑóÉó: ÝóÊöáúßó Ãõãøõßõãú íóÇ Èóäöí ãóÇÁö ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö. ÊóÝóÑøóÏó Èöåö ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÌúåö ãóæúÞõæÝðÇ.

(1/348)


æóÞóÏú ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáúÍóÇÝöÙõ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÇáúÈóÒøóÇÑõ¡ Úóäú ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö Úóáöíøò ÇáúÝóáøóÇÓö¡ Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúæóåøóÇÈö ÇáËøóÞóÝöíøö¡ Úóäú åöÔóÇãö Èúäö ÍóÓøóÇäó¡ Úóäú ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö ÓöíÑöíäó¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó¡ Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÇáó: «Åöäøó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó áóãú íóßúÐöÈú ÞóØøõ ÅöáøóÇ ËóáóÇËó ßóÐóÈóÇÊò ßõáøõ Ðóáößó Ýöí ÐóÇÊö Çááøóåö: Þóæúáõåõ: Åöäøöí ÓóÞöíãñ. æóÞóæúáõåõ: Èóáú ÝóÚóáóåõ ßóÈöíÑõåõãú åóÐóÇ. æóÈóíúäóãóÇ åõæó íóÓöíÑõ Ýöí ÃóÑúÖö ÌóÈøóÇÑò ãöäó ÇáúÌóÈóÇÈöÑóÉö ÅöÐú äóÒóáó ãóäúÒöáðÇ¡ ÝóÃõÊöíó ÇáúÌóÈøóÇÑõ¡ ÝóÞöíáó áóåõ: Åöäøóåõ ÞóÏú äóÒóáó åóÇåõäóÇ ÑóÌõáñ ãóÚóåõ ÇãúÑóÃóÉñ ãöäú ÃóÍúÓóäö ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ ÝóÃóÑúÓóáó Åöáóíúåö ÝóÓóÃóáóåõ ÚóäúåóÇ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: ÅöäøóåóÇ ÃõÎúÊöí¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÑóÌóÚó ÅöáóíúåóÇ ÞóÇáó: Åöäøó åóÐóÇ ÓóÃóáóäöí Úóäúßö ÝóÞõáúÊõ: Åöäøóßö ÃõÎúÊöí¡ æóÅöäøóåõ áóíúÓó Çáúíóæúãó ãõÓúáöãñ ÛóíúÑöí æóÛóíúÑóßö¡ æóÅöäøóßö ÃõÎúÊöí ÝóáóÇ ÊõßóÐøöÈöíäöí ÚöäúÏóåõ¡ ÝóÇäúØõáöÞó ÈöåóÇ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÐóåóÈó íóÊóäóÇæóáõåóÇ ÃõÎöÐó¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: ÇÏúÚöí Çááøóåó áöí¡ æóáóÇ ÃóÖõÑøõßö ÝóÏóÚóÊú áóåõ ÝóÃõÑúÓöáó ÝóÐóåóÈó íóÊóäóÇæóáõåóÇ ÝóÃõÎöÐó ãöËúáóåóÇ Ãóæú ÃóÔóÏøó ãöäúåóÇ ÝóÞóÇáó: ÇÏúÚöí Çááøóåó áöí¡ æóáóÇ ÃóÖõÑøõßö. ÝóÏóÚóÊú ÝóÃõÑúÓöáó ËóáóÇËó ãóÑøóÇÊò¡ ÝóÏóÚóÇ ÃóÏúäóì ÍóÔóãöåö ÝóÞóÇáó: Åöäøóßó áóãú ÊóÃúÊöäöí ÈöÅöäúÓóÇäò¡ æóáóßöäú ÃóÊóíúÊóäöí ÈöÔóíúØóÇäò ÃóÎúÑöÌúåóÇ¡ æóÃóÚúØöåóÇ åóÇÌóÑó. ÝóÌóÇÁóÊú æóÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÞóÇÆöãñ íõÕóáøöí¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóÍóÓøó ÈöåóÇ ÇäúÕóÑóÝó¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: ãóåúíóãú¿ ÝóÞóÇáóÊú: ßóÝóì Çááøóåõ ßóíúÏó ÇáÙøóÇáöãö¡ æóÃóÎúÏóãóäöí åóÇÌóÑó» . æóÃóÎúÑóÌóÇåõ ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö åöÔóÇãò. Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó ÇáúÈóÒøóÇÑõ: áóÇ äóÚúáóãõ ÃóÓúäóÏóåõ Úóäú ãõÍóãøóÏò¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó ÅöáøóÇ åöÔóÇãñ. æóÑóæóÇåõ ÛóíúÑõåõ ãóæúÞõæÝðÇ.
æóÞóÇáó ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ Úóáöíøõ Èúäõ ÍóÝúÕò¡ Úóäú¡ æóÑúÞóÇÁó åõæó ÇÈúäõ ÚõãóÑó ÇáúíóÔúßõÑöíøõ¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÇáÒøöäóÇÏö¡ Úóäö ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÌö¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó ÞóÇáó: ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ

(1/349)


Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «áóãú íóßúÐöÈú ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÅöáøóÇ ËóáóÇËó ßóÐóÈóÇÊòº Þóæúáõåõ Íöíäó ÏõÚöíó Åöáóì ÂáöåóÊöåöãú ÝóÞóÇáó: Åöäøöí ÓóÞöíãñ. æóÞóæúáõåõ: Èóáú ÝóÚóáóåõ ßóÈöíÑõåõãú åóÐóÇ. æóÞóæúáõåõ áöÓóÇÑóÉó: ÅöäøóåóÇ ÃõÎúÊöí. ÞóÇáó: æóÏóÎóáó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÞóÑúíóÉð ÝöíåóÇ ãóáößñ ãöäó Çáúãõáõæßö Ãóæú ÌóÈøóÇÑñ ãöäó ÇáúÌóÈóÇÈöÑóÉö ÝóÞöíáó: ÏóÎóáó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÇááøóíúáóÉó ÈöÇãúÑóÃóÉò ãöäú ÃóÍúÓóäö ÇáäøóÇÓö. ÞóÇáó: ÝóÃóÑúÓóáó Åöáóíúåö Çáúãóáößõ Ãóæö ÇáúÌóÈøóÇÑõ ãóäú åóÐöåö ãóÚóßó¿ ÞóÇáó: ÃõÎúÊöí. ÞóÇáó: ÝóÃóÑúÓöáú ÈöåóÇ. ÞóÇáó: ÝóÃóÑúÓóáó ÈöåóÇ Åöáóíúåö. æóÞóÇáó: áóÇ ÊõßóÐøöÈöí Þóæúáöí¡ ÝóÅöäøöí ÞóÏú ÃóÎúÈóÑúÊõåõ Ãóäøóßö ÃõÎúÊöí¡ Åöäú Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ãõÄúãöäñ ÛóíúÑöí æóÛóíúÑóßö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÏóÎóáóÊú Úóáóíúåö ÞóÇãó ÅöáóíúåóÇ ÝóÃóÞúÈóáóÊú ÊóæóÖøóÃõ æóÊõÕóáøöí¡ æóÊóÞõæáõ: Çááøóåõãøó Åöäú ßõäúÊó ÊóÚúáóãõ Ãóäøöí ÂãóäúÊõ Èößó æóÈöÑóÓõæáößó¡ æóÃóÍúÕóäúÊõ ÝóÑúÌöí ÅöáøóÇ Úóáóì ÒóæúÌöí ÝóáóÇ ÊõÓóáøöØú Úóáóíøó ÇáúßóÇÝöÑó. ÞóÇáó: ÝóÛóØøó ÍóÊøóì ÑóßóÖó ÈöÑöÌúáöåö» . ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÇáÒøöäóÇÏö ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÓóáóãóÉó Èúäõ ÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó ÃóäøóåóÇ ÞóÇáóÊú: «Çááøóåõãøó Åöäú íóãõÊú íõÞóáú: åöíó ÞóÊóáóÊúåõ. ÞóÇáó: ÝóÃõÑúÓöáó. ÞóÇáó: Ëõãøó ÞóÇãó ÅöáóíúåóÇ. ÞóÇáó: ÝóÞóÇãóÊú ÊóæóÖøóÃõ æóÊõÕóáøöí¡ æóÊóÞõæáõ: Çááøóåõãøó Åöäú ßõäúÊó ÊóÚúáóãõ Ãóäøöí ÂãóäúÊõ Èößó æóÈöÑóÓõæáößó¡ æóÃóÍúÕóäúÊõ ÝóÑúÌöí ÅöáøóÇ Úóáóì ÒóæúÌöí ÝóáóÇ ÊõÓóáøöØú Úóáóíøó ÇáúßóÇÝöÑó. ÞóÇáó: ÝóÛóØøó ÍóÊøóì ÑóßóÖó ÈöÑöÌúáöåö. ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÇáÒøöäóÇÏö¡ æóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÓóáóãóÉó¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó ÃóäøóåóÇ ÞóÇáóÊö: Çááøóåõãøó Åöäú íóãõÊú íõÞóáú åöíó ÞóÊóáóÊúåõ. ÞóÇáó: ÝóÃõÑúÓöáó. ÞóÇáó: ÝóÞóÇáó Ýöí ÇáËøóÇáöËóÉö Ãóæö ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚóÉö: ãóÇ ÃóÑúÓóáúÊõãú Åöáóíøó ÅöáøóÇ ÔóíúØóÇäðÇ ÃóÑúÌöÚõæåóÇ Åöáóì ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó¡ æóÃóÚúØõæåóÇ åóÇÌóÑó. ÞóÇáó: ÝóÑóÌóÚóÊú ÝóÞóÇáóÊú áöÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó: ÃóÔóÚóÑúÊó¿ Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÑóÏøó ßóíúÏó ÇáúßóÇÝöÑö æóÃóÎúÏóãó æóáöíÏóÉð» . ÊóÝóÑøóÏó Èöåö ÃóÍúãóÏõ ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÌúåö¡ æóåõæó Úóáóì ÔóÑúØö ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö¡ æóÞóÏú ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÇáúíóãóÇäö¡ Úóäú ÔõÚóíúÈö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ÍóãúÒóÉó¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÇáÒøöäóÇÏö¡ Úóäö

(1/350)


ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÌö¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó¡ Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Èöåö ãõÎúÊóÕóÑðÇ.
æóÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÃóÈöí ÍóÇÊöãò: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÃóÈöí¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÓõÝúíóÇäõ¡ Úóäú Úóáöíøö Èúäö ÒóíúÏö Èúäö ÌõÏúÚóÇäó¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí äóÖúÑóÉó¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÓóÚöíÏò ÞóÇáó: ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ýöí ßóáöãóÇÊö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÇáËøóáóÇËö ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÇáó: «ãóÇ ãöäúåóÇ ßóáöãóÉñ ÅöáøóÇ ãóÇÍóáó ÈöåóÇ Úóäú Ïöíäö Çááøóåö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: {Åöäøöí ÓóÞöíãñ} [ÇáÕÇÝÇÊ: 89] æóÞóÇáó: {Èóáú ÝóÚóáóåõ ßóÈöíÑõåõãú åóÐóÇ} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 63] æóÞóÇáó áöáúãóáößö Íöíäó ÃóÑóÇÏó ÇãúÑóÃóÊóåõ: åöíó ÃõÎúÊöí» . ÝóÞóæúáõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö «. åöíó ÃõÎúÊöí» . Ãóíú Ýöí Ïöíäö Çááøóåö¡ æóÞóæúáõåõ áóåóÇ «Åöäøóåõ áóíúÓó Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ãõÄúãöäñ ÛóíúÑöí æóÛóíúÑóßö» . íóÚúäöí ÒóæúÌóíúäö ãõÄúãöäóíúäö ÛóíúÑöí æóÛóíúÑóßö¡ æóíóÊóÚóíøóäõ Íóãúáõåõ Úóáóì åóÐóǺ áöÃóäøó áõæØðÇ ßóÇäó ãóÚóåõãú¡ æóåõæó äóÈöíøñ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ æóÞóæúáõåõ áóåóÇ áóãøóÇ ÑóÌóÚóÊú Åöáóíúåö: ãóåúíóãú¿ ãóÚúäóÇåõ ãóÇ ÇáúÎóÈóÑõ ÝóÞóÇáóÊú: «. Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÑóÏøó ßóíúÏó ÇáúßóÇÝöÑö» . æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò «ÇáúÝóÇÌöÑö» . æóåõæó Çáúãóáößõ «. æóÃóÎúÏóãó ÌóÇÑöíóÉð» . æóßóÇäó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ãöäú æóÞúÊö ÐõåöÈó ÈöåóÇ Åöáóì Çáúãóáößö ÞóÇãó íõÕóáøöí áöáøóåö ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó æóíóÓúÃóáõåõ Ãóäú íóÏúÝóÚó Úóäú Ãóåúáöåö¡ æóÃóäú íóÑõÏøó ÈóÃúÓó åóÐóÇ ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÑóÇÏó Ãóåúáóåõ ÈöÓõæÁò¡ æóåóßóÐóÇ ÝóÚóáóÊú åöíó ÃóíúÖðÇ ßõáøóãóÇ ÃóÑóÇÏó ÚóÏõæøõ Çááøóåö Ãóäú íóäóÇáó ãöäúåóÇ ÃóãúÑðÇ ÞóÇãóÊú Åöáóì æõÖõæÆöåóÇ æóÕóáóÇÊöåóÇ¡ æóÏóÚóÊö Çááøóåó ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó ÈöãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ãöäó ÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö ÇáúÚóÙöíãöº æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÇÓúÊóÚöíäõæÇ ÈöÇáÕøóÈúÑö æóÇáÕøóáóÇÉö} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 45] . ÝóÚóÕóãóåóÇ Çááøóåõ æóÕóÇäóåóÇ áöÚöÕúãóÉö ÚóÈúÏöåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö æóÍóÈöíÈöåö æóÎóáöíáöåö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ.

(1/351)


æóÞóÏú ÐóåóÈó ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö Åöáóì äõÈõæøóÉö ËóáóÇËö äöÓúæóÉòº ÓóÇÑóÉó¡ æóÃõãøö ãõæÓóì¡ æóãóÑúíóãó Úóáóíúåöäøó ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ æóÇáøóÐöí Úóáóíúåö ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ Ãóäøóåõäøó ÕóÏøöíÞóÇÊñ ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõäøó æóÃóÑúÖóÇåõäøó æóÑóÃóíúÊõ Ýöí ÈóÚúÖö ÇáúÂËóÇÑö Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó ßóÔóÝó ÇáúÍöÌóÇÈó ÝöíãóÇ Èóíúäó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ æóÈóíúäóåóÇ Ýóáóãú íóÒóáú íóÑóÇåóÇ ãõäúÐõ ÎóÑóÌóÊú ãöäú ÚöäúÏöåö Åöáóì Ãóäú ÑóÌóÚóÊú Åöáóíúåö¡ æóßóÇäó ãõÔóÇåöÏðÇ áóåóÇ æóåöíó ÚöäúÏó Çáúãóáößö¡ æóßóíúÝó ÚóÕóãóåóÇ Çááøóåõ ãöäúåõº áöíóßõæäó Ðóáößó ÃóØúíóÈó áöÞóáúÈöåö æóÃóÞóÑøó áöÚóíúäöåö æóÃóÔóÏøó áöØõãóÃúäöíäóÊöåö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ßóÇäó íõÍöÈøõåóÇ ÍõÈøðÇ ÔóÏöíÏðÇ áöÏöíäöåóÇ¡ æóÞóÑóÇÈóÊöåóÇ ãöäúåõ æóÍõÓúäöåóÇ ÇáúÈóÇåöÑö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÞóÏú Þöíáó: Åöäøóåõ áóãú Êóßõäö ÇãúÑóÃóÉñ ÈóÚúÏó ÍóæøóÇÁó Åöáóì ÒóãóÇäöåóÇ ÃóÍúÓóäó ãöäúåóÇ ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåóÇ¡ æóáöáøóåö ÇáúÍóãúÏõ æóÇáúãöäøóÉõ.
æóÐóßóÑó ÈóÚúÖõ Ãóåúáö ÇáÊøóæóÇÑöíÎö: Ãóäøó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó ãöÕúÑó åóÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÃóÎðÇ áöáÖøóÍøóÇßö Çáúãóáößö ÇáúãóÔúåõæÑö ÈöÇáÙøõáúãö¡ æóßóÇäó ÚóÇãöáðÇ áöÃóÎöíåö Úóáóì ãöÕúÑó. æóíõÞóÇáõ: ßóÇäó ÇÓúãõåõ ÓöäóÇäó Èúäó ÚöáúæóÇäó Èúäö ÚõÈóíúÏö Èúäö ÚõæÌö Èúäö ÚöãúáóÇÞö Èúäö áóÇæóÐó Èúäö ÓóÇãö Èúäö äõæÍò¡ æóÐóßóÑó ÇÈúäõ åöÔóÇãò Ýöí ÇáÊøöíÌóÇäö Ãóäøó ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÑóÇÏóåóÇ ÚóãúÑõæ Èúäõ ÇãúÑöÆö ÇáúÞóíúÓö Èúäö ÈóÇíáÈæäó Èúäö ÓóÈóÃò¡ æóßóÇäó Úóáóì ãöÕúÑó äóÞóáóåõ ÇáÓøõåóíúáöíøõ ÝóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ.
Ëõãøó Åöäøó ÇáúÎóáöíáó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÑóÌóÚó ãöäú ÈöáóÇÏö ãöÕúÑó Åöáóì ÃóÑúÖö ÇáÊøóíóãøõäö¡ æóåöíó ÇáúÃóÑúÖõ ÇáúãõÞóÏøóÓóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí ßóÇäó ÝöíåóÇ¡ æóãóÚóåõ ÃóäúÚóÇãñ æóÚóÈöíÏñ æóãóÇáñ ÌóÒöíáñ¡ æóÕóÍöÈóÊúåõãú åóÇÌóÑõ ÇáúÞöÈúØöíøóÉõ ÇáúãöÕúÑöíøóÉõ¡ Ëõãøó Åöäøó áõæØðÇ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ äóÒóÍó ÈöãóÇ áóåõ ãöäó ÇáúÃóãúæóÇáö ÇáúÌóÒöíáóÉö ÈöÃóãúÑö ÇáúÎóáöíáö áóåõ Ýöí Ðóáößó Åöáóì ÃóÑúÖö ÇáúÛóæúÑö¡ ÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝö ÈöÛóæúÑö ÒõÛóÑó¡ ÝóäóÒóáó ÈöãóÏöíäóÉó ÓóÏõæãó¡ æóåöíó Ãõãøõ Êöáúßó ÇáúÈöáóÇÏö Ýöí Ðóáößó ÇáÒøóãóÇäö¡ æóßóÇäó ÃóåúáõåóÇ ÃóÔúÑóÇÑðÇ ßõÝøóÇÑðÇ ÝõÌøóÇÑðÇ¡

(1/352)


æóÃóæúÍóì Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Åöáóì ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÇáúÎóáöíáö íóÃúãõÑõåõ Ãóäú íóãõÏøó ÈóÕóÑóåõ¡ æóíóäúÙõÑó ÔóãóÇáðÇ æóÌóäõæÈðÇ æóÔóÑúÞðÇ æóÛóÑúÈðÇ¡ æóÈóÔøóÑóåõ ÈöÃóäøó åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÑúÖó ßõáøóåóÇ ÓóÃóÌúÚóáõåóÇ áóßó¡ æóáöÎóáóÝößó Åöáóì ÂÎöÑö ÇáÏøóåúÑö¡ æóÓóÃõßúËöÑõ ÐõÑøöíøóÊóßó ÍóÊøóì íóÕöíÑõæÇ ÈöÚóÏóÏö ÊõÑóÇÈö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ æóåóÐöåö ÇáúÈöÔóÇÑóÉõ ÇÊøóÕóáóÊú ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö¡ Èóáú ãóÇ ßóãóáóÊú æóáóÇ ßóÇäóÊú ÃóÚúÙóãó ãöäúåóÇ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ÇáúãõÍóãøóÏöíøóÉö¡ íõÄóíøöÏõ Ðóáößó Þóæúáõ ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «Åöäøó Çááøóåó Òóæóì áöíó ÇáúÃóÑúÖó ÝóÑóÃóíúÊõ ãóÔóÇÑöÞóåóÇ æóãóÛóÇÑöÈóåóÇ¡ æóÓóíóÈúáõÛõ ãõáúßõ ÃõãøóÊöí ãóÇ Òóæóì áöí ãöäúåóÇ» . ÞóÇáõæÇ: Ëõãøó Åöäøó ØóÇÆöÝóÉð ãöäó ÇáúÌóÈøóÇÑöíäó ÊóÓóáøóØõæÇ Úóáóì áõæØò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÝóÃóÓóÑõæåõ¡ æóÃóÎóÐõæÇ ÃóãúæóÇáóåõ æóÇÓúÊóÇÞõæÇ ÃóäúÚóÇãóåõ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÈóáóÛó ÇáúÎóÈóÑõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÇáúÎóáöíáó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÓóÇÑó Åöáóíúåöãú Ýöí ËóáóÇËöãöÇÆóÉò æóËóãóÇäöíóÉó ÚóÔóÑó ÑóÌõáðÇ¡ ÝóÇÓúÊóäúÞóÐó áõæØðÇ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ æóÇÓúÊóÑúÌóÚó ÃóãúæóÇáóåõ¡ æóÞóÊóáó ãöäú ÃóÚúÏóÇÁö Çááøóåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö ÎóáúÞðÇ ßóËöíÑðÇ æóåóÒóãóåõãú¡ æóÓóÇÞó Ýöí ÂËóÇÑöåöãú ÍóÊøóì æóÕóáó Åöáóì ÔóãóÇáöíøö ÏöãóÔúÞó¡ æóÚóÓúßóÑó ÈöÙóÇåöÑöåóÇ ÚöäúÏó ÈóÑúÒóÉó¡ æóÃóÙõäøõ ãóÞóÇãó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÇáúãóäúÓõæÈó Åöáóíúåö ÈöÈóÑúÒóÉó Çáúíóæúãó ÅöäøóãóÇ Óõãøöíóº áöÃóäøóåõ ßóÇäó ãóæúÖöÚó ãóæúÞöÝö ÌóíúÔö ÇáúÎóáöíáö¡ æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ. Ëõãøó ÑóÌóÚó ãõÄóíøóÏðÇ ãóäúÕõæÑðÇ Åöáóì ÈöáóÇÏöåö¡ æóÊóáóÞøóÇåõ ãõáõæßõ ÈöáóÇÏö ÈóíúÊö ÇáúãóÞúÏöÓö ãõÚóÙøöãöíäó áóåõ ãõßúÑöãöíäó ÎóÇÖöÚöíäó¡ æóÇÓúÊóÞóÑøó ÈöÈöáóÇÏöåö ÕóáóæóÇÊõ Çááøóåö æóÓóáóÇãõåõ Úóáóíúåö.

(1/353)


[ÐößúÑõ ãóæúáöÏö ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ãöäú åóÇÌóÑó]
ÞóÇáó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö: Åöäøó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÓóÃóáó Çááøóåó ÐõÑøöíøóÉð ØóíøöÈóÉð¡ æóÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÈóÔøóÑóåõ ÈöÐóáößó¡ æóÃóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ßóÇäó áöÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÈöÈöáóÇÏö ÈóíúÊö ÇáúãóÞúÏöÓö ÚóÔúÑõ Óöäöíäó¡ ÞóÇáóÊú ÓóÇÑóÉõ áöÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ: Åöäøó ÇáÑøóÈøó ÞóÏú ÃóÍúÑóãóäöí ÇáúæóáóÏó¡ ÝóÇÏúÎõáú Úóáóì ÃóãóÊöí åóÐöåö áóÚóáøó Çááøóåó íóÑúÒõÞõäóÇ ãöäúåóÇ æóáóÏðÇ. ÝóáóãøóÇ æóåóÈóÊúåóÇ áóåõ ÏóÎóáó ÈöåóÇ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÝóÍöíäó ÏóÎóáó ÈöåóÇ ÍóãóáóÊú ãöäúåõ. ÞóÇáõæÇ: ÝóáóãøóÇ ÍóãóáóÊö ÇÑúÊóÝóÚóÊú äóÝúÓõåóÇ æóÊóÚóÇÙóãóÊú Úóáóì ÓóíøöÏóÊöåóÇ¡ ÝóÛóÇÑóÊú ãöäúåóÇ ÓóÇÑóÉõ ÝóÔóßóÊú Ðóáößó Åöáóì ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó¡ ÝóÞóÇáó áóåóÇ: ÇÝúÚóáöí ÈöåóÇ ãóÇ ÔöÆúÊö. ÝóÎóÇÝóÊú åóÇÌóÑõ ÝóåóÑóÈóÊú ÝóäóÒóáóÊú ÚöäúÏó Úóíúäò åõäóÇßó¡ ÝóÞóÇáó áóåóÇ ãóáóßñ ãöäó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö: áóÇ ÊóÎóÇÝöí ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó ÌóÇÚöáñ ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúÛõáóÇãö ÇáøóÐöí ÍóãóáúÊö ÎóíúÑðÇ. æóÃóãóÑóåóÇ ÈöÇáÑøõÌõæÚö¡ æóÈóÔøóÑóåóÇ ÃóäøóåóÇ ÓóÊóáöÏõ ÇÈúäðÇ æóÊõÓóãøöíåö ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó¡ æóíóßõæäõ æóÍúÔó ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ íóÏõåõ Úóáóì Çáúßõáøö¡ æóíóÏõ Çáúßõáøö Èöåö¡ æóíóãúáößõ ÌóãöíÚó ÈöáóÇÏö ÅöÎúæóÊöåö¡ ÝóÔóßóÑóÊö Çááøóåó ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó Úóáóì Ðóáößó.
æóåóÐöåö ÇáúÈöÔóÇÑóÉõ ÅöäøóãóÇ ÇäúØóÈóÞóÊú Úóáóì æóáóÏöåö ãõÍóãøóÏò ÕóáóæóÇÊõ Çááøóåö æóÓóáóÇãõåõ Úóáóíúåö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÇáøóÐöí ÓóÇÏóÊú Èöåö ÇáúÚóÑóÈõ¡ æóãóáóßóÊú ÌóãöíÚó ÇáúÈöáóÇÏö ÛóÑúÈðÇ æóÔóÑúÞðÇ¡ æóÃóÊóÇåóÇ Çááøóåõ ãöäó ÇáúÚöáúãö ÇáäøóÇÝöÚö æóÇáúÚóãóáö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍö ãóÇ áóãú íõÄúÊö ÃõãøóÉð ãöäó ÇáúÃõãóãö ÞóÈúáóåõãú¡ æóãóÇ ÐóÇßó ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÔóÑóÝö ÑóÓõæáöåóÇ Úóáóì ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáÑøõÓõáö æóÈóÑóßóÉö ÑöÓóÇáóÊöåö æóíõãúäö ÈöÔóÇÑóÊöåö æóßóãóÇáöåö ÝöíãóÇ ÌóÇÁó Èöåö. æóÚõãõæãö ÈóÚúËóÊöåö áöÌóãöíÚö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö.

(1/354)


æóáóãøóÇ ÑóÌóÚóÊú åóÇÌóÑõ æóÖóÚóÊú ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÞóÇáõæÇ: æóáóÏóÊúåõ æóáöÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ãöäó ÇáúÚõãõÑö ÓöÊøñ æóËóãóÇäõæäó ÓóäóÉð ÞóÈúáó ãóæúáöÏö ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó ÈöËóáóÇËó ÚóÔúÑóÉó ÓóäóÉð. æóáóãøóÇ æõáöÏó ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ ÃóæúÍóì Çááøóåõ Åöáóì ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó íõÈóÔøöÑõåõ ÈöÅöÓúÍóÇÞó ãöäú ÓóÇÑóÉó ÝóÎóÑøó áöáøóåö ÓóÇÌöÏðÇ. æóÞóÇáó áóåõ: ÞóÏö ÇÓúÊóÌóÈúÊõ áóßó Ýöí ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó¡ æóÈóÇÑóßúÊõ Úóáóíúåö æóßóËøóÑúÊõåõ æóäóãøóíúÊõåõ ÌóÏøðÇ ßóÈöíÑðÇ¡ æóíõæáóÏõ áóåõ ÇËúäóÇ ÚóÔóÑó ÚóÙöíãðÇ¡ æóÃóÌúÚóáõåõ ÑóÆöíÓðÇ áöÔóÚúÈò ÚóÙöíãò. æóåóÐöåö ÃóíúÖðÇ ÈöÔóÇÑóÉñ ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ÇáúÚóÙöíãóÉö¡ æóåóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáöÇËúäóÇ ÚóÔóÑó ÚóÙöíãðÇ åõãõ ÇáúÎõáóÝóÇÁõ ÇáöÇËúäóÇ ÚóÔóÑó ÇáúãõÈóÔøóÑõ Èöåöãú Ýöí ÍóÏöíËö ÚóÈúÏö Çáúãóáößö Èúäö ÚõãóíúÑò¡ Úóäú ÌóÇÈöÑö Èúäö ÓóãõÑóÉó¡ Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÇáó: «íóßõæäõ ÇËúäóÇ ÚóÔóÑó ÃóãöíÑðÇ» . Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó: ßóáöãóÉñ áóãú ÃóÝúåóãúåóÇ ÝóÓóÃóáúÊõ ÃóÈöí ãóÇ ÞóÇáó¿ ÞóÇáó: «ßõáøõåõãú ãöäú ÞõÑóíúÔò» . ÃóÎúÑóÌóÇåõ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö¡ æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò «áóÇ íóÒóÇáõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÞóÇÆöãðÇ» . æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò «ÚóÒöíÒðÇ ÍóÊøóì íóßõæäó ÇËúäóÇ ÚóÔóÑó ÎóáöíÝóÉð ßõáøõåõãú ãöäú ÞõÑóíúÔò» . ÝóåóÄõáóÇÁö ãöäúåõãõ ÇáúÃóÆöãøóÉõ ÇáúÃóÑúÈóÚóÉõº ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò¡ æóÚõãóÑõ¡ æóÚõËúãóÇäõ¡ æóÚóáöíøñ¡ æóãöäúåõãú ÚõãóÑõ Èúäõ ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÚóÒöíÒö ÃóíúÖðÇ¡ æóãöäúåõãú ÈóÚúÖõ Èóäöí ÇáúÚóÈøóÇÓö¡ æóáóíúÓó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Ãóäøóåõãú íóßõæäõæäó ÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó äóÓóÞðÇ¡ Èóáú áóÇ ÈõÏøó ãöäú æõÌõæÏöåöãú¡ æóáóíúÓó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÇáúÃóÆöãøóÉó ÇáöÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó ÇáøóÐöí íóÚúÊóÞöÏõ Ýöíåöãú ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉõ ÇáøóÐöíäó Ãóæøóáõåõãú Úóáöíøõ Èúäõ ÃóÈöí ØóÇáöÈò¡ æóÂÎöÑõåõãõ ÇáúãõäúÊóÙöÑõ ÈöÓöÑúÏóÇÈö ÓóÇãóÑøóÇ¡ æóåõæó ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÇáúÍóÓóäö ÇáúÚóÓúßóÑöíøõ ÝöíãóÇ íóÒúÚõãõæäó¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÃõæáóÆößó áóãú íóßõäú Ýöíåöãú ÃóäúÝóÚõ ãöäú Úóáöíøò æóÇÈúäöåö ÇáúÍóÓóäö Èúäö Úóáöíøò Íöíäó ÊóÑóßó ÇáúÞöÊóÇáó æóÓóáøóãó ÇáúÃóãúÑó áöãõÚóÇæöíóÉó¡ æóÃóÎúãóÏó äóÇÑó

(1/355)


ÇáúÝöÊúäóÉö¡ æóÓóßøóäó ÑóÍóì ÇáúÍõÑõæÈö Èóíúäó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó¡ æóÇáúÈóÇÞõæäó ãöäú ÌõãúáóÉö ÇáÑøóÚóÇíóÇ áóãú íóßõäú áóåõãú Íõßúãñ Úóáóì ÇáúÃõãøóÉö Ýöí ÃóãúÑò ãöäó ÇáúÃõãõæÑö¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ãóÇ íóÚúÊóÞöÏõæäóåõ ÈöÓöÑúÏóÇÈö ÓóÇãóÑøóÇ ÝóÐóÇßó åóæóÓñ Ýöí ÇáÑøõÁõæÓö¡ æóåóÐóíóÇäñ Ýöí ÇáäøõÝõæÓö áóÇ ÍóÞöíÞóÉó áóåõ æóáóÇ Úóíúäó æóáóÇ ÃóËóÑó.
æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ Ãóäøó åóÇÌóÑó ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ áóãøóÇ æõáöÏó áóåóÇ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ ÇÔúÊóÏøóÊú ÛóíúÑóÉõ ÓóÇÑóÉó ãöäúåóÇ¡ æóØóáóÈóÊú ãöäó ÇáúÎóáöíáö Ãóäú íõÛóíøöÈó æóÌúåóåóÇ ÚóäúåóÇ¡ ÝóÐóåóÈó ÈöåóÇ æóÈöæóáóÏöåóÇ ÝóÓóÇÑó ÈöåöãóÇ ÍóÊøóì æóÖóÚóåõãóÇ ÍóíúËõ ãóßøóÉó Çáúíóæúãó¡ æóíõÞóÇáõ: Åöäøó æóáóÏóåóÇ ßóÇäó ÅöÐú ÐóÇßó ÑóÖöíÚðÇ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÊóÑóßóåõãóÇ åõäóÇßó æóæóáøóì ÙóåúÑóåõ ÚóäúåõãóÇ ÞóÇãóÊú Åöáóíúåö åóÇÌóÑõ æóÊóÚóáøóÞóÊú ÈöËöíóÇÈöåö¡ æóÞóÇáóÊú: íóÇ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Ãóíúäó ÊóÐúåóÈõ¡ æóÊóÏóÚõäóÇ åóÇåõäóÇ¡ æóáóíúÓó ãóÚóäóÇ ãóÇ íóßúÝöíäóÇ¿ Ýóáóãú íõÌöÈúåóÇ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóáóÍøóÊú Úóáóíúåö æóåõæó áóÇ íõÌöíÈõåóÇ ÞóÇáóÊú áóåõ: Âááøóåõ ÃóãóÑóßó ÈöåóÐóÇ¿ ÞóÇáó: äóÚóãú. ÞóÇáóÊú: ÝóÅöÐðÇ áóÇ íõÖóíøöÚõäóÇ. æóÞóÏú ÐóßóÑó ÇáÔøóíúÎõ ÃóÈõæ ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäõ ÃóÈöí ÒóíúÏò ÑóÍöãóåõ Çááøóåõ Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈö ÇáäøóæóÇÏöÑö: Ãóäøó ÓóÇÑóÉó ÊóÛóÖøóÈóÊú Úóáóì åóÇÌóÑó ÝóÍóáóÝóÊú áóÊóÞúØóÚóäøó ËóáóÇËóÉó ÃóÚúÖóÇÁò ãöäúåóÇ¡ ÝóÃóãóÑóåóÇ ÇáúÎóáöíáõ Ãóäú ÊóËúÞõÈó ÃõÐõäóíúåóÇ æóÃóäú ÊóÎúÝöÖóåóÇ ÝóÊóÈóÑøó ÞóÓóãõåóÇ. ÞóÇáó ÇáÓøõåóíúáöíøõ: ÝóßóÇäóÊú Ãóæøóáó ãóäö ÇÎúÊóÊóäó ãöäó ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö¡ æóÃóæøóáó ãóäú ËóÞóÈóÊú ÃõÐõäóíúåóÇ ãöäúåõäøó¡ æóÃóæøóáó ãóäú ØóæøóáóÊú ÐóíúáóåóÇ.

(1/356)


[ÐößúÑõ ãõåóÇÌóÑóÉö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÈöÇÈúäöåö ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó æóÃõãøöåö åóÇÌóÑó Åöáóì ãóßøóÉó æóÈöäóÇÆöåö ÇáúÈóíúÊó ÇáúÚóÊöíÞó]
ÐößúÑõ ãõåóÇÌóÑóÉö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÈöÇÈúäöåö ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó æóÃõãøöåö åóÇÌóÑó Åöáóì ÌöÈóÇáö ÝóÇÑóÇäó æóåöíó ÃóÑúÖõ ãóßøóÉó æóÈöäóÇÆöåö ÇáúÈóíúÊó ÇáúÚóÊöíÞó
ÞóÇáó ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÚóÈúÏõ Çááøóåö Èúäõ ãõÍóãøóÏò¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÚóÈúÏõ ÇáÑøóÒøóÇÞö¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ãóÚúãóÑñ¡ Úóäú ÃóíøõæÈó ÇáÓøóÎúÊöíóÇäöíøö¡ æóßóËöíÑö Èúäö ßóËöíÑö Èúäö ÇáúãõØøóáöÈö Èúäö ÃóÈöí æóÏóÇÚóÉó íóÒöíÏõ ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÂÎóÑö¡ Úóäú ÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÌõÈóíúÑò¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò ÞóÇáó: Ãóæøóáó ãóÇ ÇÊøóÎóÐó ÇáäøöÓóÇÁõ ÇáúãöäúØóÞó ãöäú ÞöÈóáö Ãõãøö ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó ÇÊøóÎóÐóÊú ãöäúØóÞðÇ áöÊõÚúÝöíó ÃóËóÑóåóÇ Úóáóì ÓóÇÑóÉó¡ Ëõãøó ÌóÇÁó ÈöåóÇ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ æóÈöÇÈúäöåóÇ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó æóåöíó ÊõÑúÖöÚõåõ ÍóÊøóì æóÖóÚóåõãóÇ ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÈóíúÊö ÚöäúÏó ÏóæúÍóÉò ÝóæúÞó ÒóãúÒóãó Ýöí ÃóÚúáóì ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö¡ æóáóíúÓó ÈöãóßøóÉó íóæúãóÆöÐò ÃóÍóÏñ¡ æóáóíúÓó ÈöåóÇ ãóÇÁñ ÝóæóÖóÚóåõãóÇ åõäóÇáößó æóæóÖóÚó ÚöäúÏóåõãóÇ ÌöÑóÇÈðÇ Ýöíåö ÊóãúÑñ æóÓöÞóÇÁð Ýöíåö ãóÇÁñ¡ Ëõãøó ÞóÝøóì ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ãõäúØóáöÞðÇ ÝóÊóÈöÚóÊúåõ Ãõãøõ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó ÝóÞóÇáóÊú: íóÇ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Ãóíúäó ÊóÐúåóÈõ¡ æóÊóÊúÑõßõäóÇ ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÇÏöí ÇáøóÐöí áóíúÓó Ýöíåö ÅöäúÓñ æóáóÇ ÔóíúÁñ¿ ÝóÞóÇáóÊú áóåõ Ðóáößó ãöÑóÇÑðÇ¡ æóÌóÚóáó áóÇ íóáúÊóÝöÊõ ÅöáóíúåóÇ¡ ÝóÞóÇáóÊú áóåõ: Âááøóåõ ÃóãóÑóßó ÈöåóÐóÇ¿ ÞóÇáó: äóÚóãú. ÞóÇáóÊú: ÅöÐðÇ áóÇ íõÖóíøöÚõäóÇ. Ëõãøó ÑóÌóÚóÊú ÝóÇäúØóáóÞó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÚöäúÏó ÇáËøóäöíøóÉö ÍóíúËõ áóÇ íóÑóæúäóåõ ÇÓúÊóÞúÈóáó ÈöæóÌúåöåö ÇáúÈóíúÊó¡ Ëõãøó ÏóÚóÇ ÈöåóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáúßóáöãóÇÊö æóÑóÝóÚó íóÏóíúåö ÝóÞóÇáó: {ÑóÈøóäóÇ Åöäøöí ÃóÓúßóäúÊõ ãöäú ÐõÑøöíøóÊöí ÈöæóÇÏò ÛóíúÑö Ðöí ÒóÑúÚò ÚöäúÏó ÈóíúÊößó ÇáúãõÍóÑøóãö ÑóÈøóäóÇ áöíõÞöíãõæÇ ÇáÕøóáóÇÉó ÝóÇÌúÚóáú ÃóÝúÆöÏóÉð ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö Êóåúæöí Åöáóíúåöãú æóÇÑúÒõÞúåõãú ãöäó ÇáËøóãóÑóÇÊö áóÚóáøóåõãú íóÔúßõÑõæäó} [ÅÈÑÇåíã: 37] .

(1/357)


æóÌóÚóáóÊú Ãõãøõ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó ÊõÑúÖöÚõ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó¡ æóÊóÔúÑóÈõ ãöäú Ðóáößó ÇáúãóÇÁö ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ äóÝóÐó ãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÓøöÞóÇÁö ÚóØöÔóÊú æóÚóØöÔó ÇÈúäõåóÇ¡ æóÌóÚóáóÊú ÊóäúÙõÑõ Åöáóíúåö íóÊóáóæøóì. Ãóæú ÞóÇáó: íóÊóáóÈøóØõ ÝóÇäúØóáóÞóÊú ßóÑóÇåöíóÉó Ãóäú ÊóäúÙõÑó Åöáóíúåö ÝóæóÌóÏóÊö ÇáÕøóÝóÇ ÃóÞúÑóÈó ÌóÈóáò Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö íóáöíåóÇ ÝóÞóÇãóÊú Úóáóíúåö¡ Ëõãøó ÇÓúÊóÞúÈóáóÊö ÇáúæóÇÏöíó ÊóäúÙõÑõ åóáú ÊóÑóì ÃóÍóÏðÇ Ýóáóãú ÊóÑó ÃóÍóÏðÇ ÝóåóÈóØóÊú ãöäó ÇáÕøóÝóÇ ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ ÈóáóÛóÊö ÇáúæóÇÏöíó ÑóÝóÚóÊú ØóÑóÝó ÏöÑúÚöåóÇ¡ Ëõãøó ÓóÚóÊú ÓóÚúíó ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö ÇáúãóÌúåõæÏö ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ ÌóÇæóÒóÊö ÇáúæóÇÏöíó¡ Ëõãøó ÃóÊóÊö ÇáúãóÑúæóÉó ÝóÞóÇãóÊú ÚóáóíúåóÇ æóäóÙóÑóÊú åóáú ÊóÑóì ÃóÍóÏðÇ Ýóáóãú ÊóÑó ÃóÍóÏðÇ¡ ÝóÝóÚóáóÊú Ðóáößó ÓóÈúÚó ãóÑøóÇÊò¡ ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈøóÇÓò: ÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «ÝóÐóáößó ÓóÚúíõ ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ» . ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóÔúÑóÝóÊú Úóáóì ÇáúãóÑúæóÉö ÓóãöÚóÊú ÕóæúÊðÇ ÝóÞóÇáóÊú: Õóåò. ÊõÑöíÏõ äóÝúÓóåóÇ¡ Ëõãøó ÊóÓóãøóÚóÊú ÝóÓóãöÚóÊú ÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÞóÇáóÊú: ÞóÏú ÃóÓúãóÚúÊó Åöäú ßóÇäó ÚöäúÏóßó ÛõæóÇËñ. ÝóÅöÐóÇ åöíó ÈöÇáúãóáóßö ÚöäúÏó ãóæúÖöÚö ÒóãúÒóãó¡ ÝóÈóÍóËó ÈöÚóÞöÈöåö Ãóæú ÞóÇáó ÈöÌóäóÇÍöåö ÍóÊøóì ÙóåóÑó ÇáúãóÇÁõ¡ ÝóÌóÚóáóÊú ÊóÎõæÖõåõ æóÊóÞõæáõ ÈöíóÏöåóÇ åóßóÐóÇ¡ æóÌóÚóáóÊú ÊóÛúÑöÝõ ãöäó ÇáúãóÇÁö Ýöí ÓöÞóÇÆöåóÇ¡ æóåõæó íóÝõæÑõ ÈóÚúÏó ãóÇ ÊóÛúÑöÝõ. ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈøóÇÓò: ÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «íóÑúÍóãõ Çááøóåõ Ãõãøó ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó¡ áóæú ÊóÑóßóÊú ÒóãúÒóãó» . Ãóæú ÞóÇáó: «áóæú áóãú ÊóÛúÑöÝú ãöäó ÇáúãóÇÁö áóßóÇäóÊú ÒóãúÒóãõ ÚóíúäðÇ ãóÚöíäðÇ» . ÞóÇáó: ÝóÔóÑöÈóÊú æóÃóÑúÖóÚóÊú æóáóÏóåóÇ ÝóÞóÇáó áóåóÇ Çáúãóáóßõ: áóÇ ÊóÎóÇÝöí ÇáÖøóíúÚóÉó ÝóÅöäøó åóÇåõäóÇ ÈóíúÊó Çááøóåö íóÈúäöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÛõáóÇãõ æóÃóÈõæåõ¡ æóÅöäøó Çááøóåó áóÇ íõÖóíøöÚõ Ãóåúáóåõ¡ æóßóÇäó ÇáúÈóíúÊõ ãõÑúÊóÝöÚðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ßóÇáÑøóÇÈöíóÉö ÊóÃúÊöíåö ÇáÓøõíõæáõ ÝóÊóÃúÎõÐõ Úóäú íóãöíäöåö æóÚóäú ÔöãóÇáöåö¡ ÝóßóÇäóÊú ßóÐóáößó ÍóÊøóì ãóÑøóÊú Èöåöãú ÑõÝúÞóÉñ ãöäú ÌõÑúåõãò Ãóæú Ãóåúáõ ÈóíúÊò ãöäú ÌõÑúåõãò ãõÞúÈöáöíäó ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ßóÏóÇÁó¡ ÝóäóÒóáõæÇ Ýöí ÃóÓúÝóáö ãóßøóÉó ÝóÑóÃóæúÇ ØóÇÆöÑðÇ ÚóÇÆöÝðÇ¡ ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ: Åöäøó åóÐóÇ ÇáØøóÇÆöÑó áóíóÏõæÑõ Úóáóì ÇáúãóÇÁö¡ áóÚóåúÏõäóÇ ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÇÏöí¡

(1/358)


æóãóÇ Ýöíåö ãóÇÁñ¡ ÝóÃóÑúÓóáõæÇ ÌóÑöíøðÇ Ãóæú ÌóÑöíøóíúäö ÝóÅöÐóÇ åõãú ÈöÇáúãóÇÁö¡ ÝóÑóÌóÚõæÇ ÝóÃóÎúÈóÑõæåõãú ÈöÇáúãóÇÁö¡ ÝóÃóÞúÈóáõæÇ ÞóÇáó: æóÃõãøõ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó ÚöäúÏó ÇáúãóÇÁö¡ ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ: ÊóÃúÐóäöíäó áóäóÇ Ãóäú äóäúÒöáó ÚöäúÏóßö. ÞóÇáóÊú: äóÚóãú¡ æóáóßöäú áóÇ ÍóÞøó áóßõãú Ýöí ÇáúãóÇÁö. ÞóÇáõæÇ: äóÚóãú. ÞóÇáó ÚóÈúÏõ Çááøóåö Èúäõ ÚóÈøóÇÓò ÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «ÝóÃóáúÝóì Ðóáößó Ãõãøó ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó æóåöíó ÊõÍöÈøõ ÇáúÃõäúÓó» . ÝóäóÒóáõæÇ æóÃóÑúÓóáõæÇ Åöáóì Ãóåúáöíåöãú ÝóäóÒóáõæÇ ãóÚóåõãú ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÈöåóÇ Ãóåúáõ ÃóÈúíóÇÊò ãöäúåõãú¡ æóÔóÈøó ÇáúÛõáóÇãõ¡ æóÊóÚóáøóãó ÇáúÚóÑóÈöíøóÉó ãöäúåõãú¡ æóÃóäúÝóÓóåõãú æóÃóÚúÌóÈóåõãú Íöíäó ÔóÈøó¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóÏúÑóßó ÒóæøóÌõæåõ ÇãúÑóÃóÉð ãöäúåõãú¡ æóãóÇÊóÊú Ãõãøõ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó¡ ÝóÌóÇÁó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÈóÚúÏó ãóÇ ÊóÒóæøóÌó ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ íõØóÇáöÚõ ÊóÑößóÊóåõ¡ Ýóáóãú íóÌöÏú ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó ÝóÓóÃóáó ÇãúÑóÃóÊóåõ Úóäúåõ ÝóÞóÇáóÊú: ÎóÑóÌó íóÈúÊóÛöí áóäóÇ. Ëõãøó ÓóÃóáóåóÇ Úóäú ÚóíúÔöåöãú æóåóíúÆóÊöåöãú¡ ÝóÞóÇáóÊú: äóÍúäõ ÈöÔóÑøò äóÍúäõ Ýöí ÖöíÞò æóÔöÏøóÉò. æóÔóßóÊú Åöáóíúåö¡ ÞóÇáó: ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÌóÇÁó ÒóæúÌõßö ÝóÇÞúÑóÆöí Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãó¡ æóÞõæáöí áóåõ íõÛóíøöÑõ ÚóÊóÈóÉó ÈóÇÈöåö. ÝóáóãøóÇ ÌóÇÁó ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ ßóÃóäøóåõ ÂäóÓó ÔóíúÆðÇ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: åóáú ÌóÇÁóßõãú ãöäú ÃóÍóÏò¿ ÝóÞóÇáóÊú: äóÚóãú. ÌóÇÁóäóÇ ÔóíúÎñ ßóÐóÇ æóßóÐóÇ¡ ÝóÓóÃóáóäóÇ Úóäúßó ÝóÃóÎúÈóÑúÊõåõ¡ æóÓóÃóáóäöí ßóíúÝó ÚóíúÔõäóÇ ÝóÃóÎúÈóÑúÊõåõ ÃóäøóÇ Ýöí ÌóåúÏò æóÔöÏøóÉò. ÞóÇáó: Ýóåóáú ÃóæúÕóÇßö ÈöÔóíúÁò¿ ÞóÇáóÊú: äóÚóãú. ÃóãóÑóäöí Ãóäú ÃóÞúÑóÃó Úóáóíúßó ÇáÓøóáóÇãó¡ æóíóÞõæáõ: ÛóíøöÑú ÚóÊóÈóÉó ÈóÇÈößó. ÞóÇáó: ÐóÇßó ÃóÈöí¡ æóÃóãóÑóäöí Ãóäú ÃõÝóÇÑöÞóßó ÝóÇáúÍóÞöí ÈöÃóåúáößö. ÝóØóáøóÞóåóÇ æóÊóÒóæøóÌó ãöäúåõãú ÃõÎúÑóì¡ æóáóÈöËó Úóäúåõãú ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ãóÇ ÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ¡ Ëõãøó ÃóÊóÇåõãú ÈóÚúÏõ Ýóáóãú íóÌöÏúåõ ÝóÏóÎóáó Úóáóì ÇãúÑóÃóÊöåö ÝóÓóÃóáóåóÇ Úóäúåõ ÝóÞóÇáóÊú: ÎóÑóÌó íóÈúÊóÛöí áóäóÇ. ÞóÇáó: ßóíúÝó ÃóäúÊõãú¿ æóÓóÃóáóåóÇ Úóäú ÚóíúÔöåöãú æóåóíúÆóÊöåöãú¡ ÝóÞóÇáóÊú: äóÍúäõ ÈöÎóíúÑò æóÓóÚóÉò¡ æóÃóËúäóÊú Úóáóì Çááøóåö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: ãóÇ ØóÚóÇãõßõãú¿ ÞóÇáóÊö: ÇááøóÍúãõ. ÞóÇáó: ÝóãóÇ ÔóÑóÇÈõßõãú¿ ÞóÇáóÊö: ÇáúãóÇÁõ. ÞóÇáó: Çááøóåõãøó ÈóÇÑößú áóåõãú Ýöí ÇááøóÍúãö æóÇáúãóÇÁö.
ÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «æóáóãú íóßõäú áóåõãú íóæúãóÆöÐò ÍóÈøñ¡ æóáóæú ßóÇäó áóåõãú

(1/359)


ÍóÈøñ áóÏóÚóÇ áóåõãú Ýöíåö ÝóåõãóÇ áóÇ íóÎúáõæ ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ ÃóÍóÏñ ÈöÛóíúÑö ãóßøóÉó ÅöáøóÇ áóãú íõæóÇÝöÞóÇåõ» . ÞóÇáó: ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÌóÇÁó ÒóæúÌõßö ÝóÇÞúÑóÆöí Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãó¡ æóãõÑöíåö íõËóÈøöÊú ÚóÊóÈóÉó ÈóÇÈöåö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÌóÇÁó ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ ÞóÇáó: åóáú ÃóÊóÇßõãú ãöäú ÃóÍóÏò¿ ÞóÇáóÊú: äóÚóãú. ÃóÊóÇäóÇ ÔóíúÎñ ÍóÓóäõ ÇáúåóíúÆóÉö¡ æóÃóËúäóÊú Úóáóíúåö¡ ÝóÓóÃóáóäöí Úóäúßó ÝóÃóÎúÈóÑúÊõåõ¡ ÝóÓóÃóáóäöí ßóíúÝó ÚóíúÔõäóÇ ÝóÃóÎúÈóÑúÊõåõ ÃóäøóÇ ÈöÎóíúÑò¡ ÞóÇáó: ÝóÃóæúÕóÇßö ÈöÔóíúÁò¿ ÞóÇáóÊú: äóÚóãú¡ åõæó íóÞúÑóÃõ Úóáóíúßó ÇáÓøóáóÇãó¡ æóíóÃúãõÑõßó Ãóäú ÊõËóÈøöÊó ÚóÊóÈóÉó ÈóÇÈößó. ÞóÇáó: ÐóÇßó ÃóÈöí¡ æóÃóäúÊö ÇáúÚóÊóÈóÉõ¡ æóÃóãóÑóäöí Ãóäú ÃõãúÓößóßö¡ Ëõãøó áóÈöËó Úóäúåõãú ãóÇ ÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ¡ Ëõãøó ÌóÇÁó ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó æóÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ íóÈúÑöí äóÈúáðÇ áóåõ ÊóÍúÊó ÏóæúÍóÉò ÞóÑöíÈðÇ ãöäú ÒóãúÒóãó¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÑóÂåõ ÞóÇãó Åöáóíúåö ÝóÕóäóÚóÇ ßóãóÇ íóÕúäóÚõ ÇáúæóáóÏõ ÈöÇáúæóÇáöÏö æóÇáúæóÇáöÏõ ÈöÇáúæóáóÏö¡ Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó: íóÇ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÃóãóÑóäöí ÈöÃóãúÑò. ÞóÇáó: ÝóÇÕúäóÚú ãóÇ ÃóãóÑóßó ÑóÈøõßó. ÞóÇáó: æóÊõÚöíäõäöí. ÞóÇáó: æóÃõÚöíäõßó. ÞóÇáó: ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó ÃóãóÑóäöí Ãóäú ÃóÈúäöíó åóÇåõäóÇ ÈóíúÊðÇ. æóÃóÔóÇÑó Åöáóì ÃóßóãóÉò ãõÑúÊóÝöÚóÉò Úóáóì ãóÇ ÍóæúáóåóÇ¡ ÞóÇáó: ÝóÚöäúÏó Ðóáößó ÑóÝóÚóÇ ÇáúÞóæóÇÚöÏó ãöäó ÇáúÈóíúÊö ÝóÌóÚóáó ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ íóÃúÊöí ÈöÇáúÍöÌóÇÑóÉö¡ æóÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ íóÈúäöí¡ ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ ÇÑúÊóÝóÚó ÇáúÈöäóÇÁõ ÌóÇÁó ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÌóÑö ÝóæóÖóÚóåõ áóåõ ÝóÞóÇãó Úóáóíúåö æóåõæó íóÈúäöí¡ æóÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ íõäóÇæöáõåõ ÇáúÍöÌóÇÑóÉó¡ æóåõãóÇ íóÞõæáóÇäö: {ÑóÈøóäóÇ ÊóÞóÈøóáú ãöäøóÇ Åöäøóßó ÃóäúÊó ÇáÓøóãöíÚõ ÇáúÚóáöíãõ} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 127] . ÞóÇáó: æóÌóÚóáóÇ íóÈúäöíóÇäö ÍóÊøóì íóÏõæÑóÇ Íóæúáó ÇáúÈóíúÊö¡ æóåõãóÇ íóÞõæáóÇäö: {ÑóÈøóäóÇ ÊóÞóÈøóáú ãöäøóÇ Åöäøóßó ÃóäúÊó ÇáÓøóãöíÚõ ÇáúÚóáöíãõ} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 127]
Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÚóÈúÏõ Çááøóåö Èúäõ ãõÍóãøóÏò¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÃóÈõæ ÚóÇãöÑò ÚóÈúÏõ Çáúãóáößö Èúäõ ÚóãúÑòæ¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Èúäõ äóÇÝöÚò¡ Úóäú ßóËöíÑö Èúäö ßóËöíÑò¡ Úóäú

(1/360)


ÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÌõÈóíúÑò¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò ÞóÇáó: áóãøóÇ ßóÇäó Èóíúäó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó æóÃóåúáöåö ãóÇ ßóÇäó ÎóÑóÌó ÈöÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó æóÃõãøö ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó æóãóÚóåõãú ÔóäøóÉñ ÝöíåóÇ ãóÇÁñ. æóÐóßóÑó ÊóãóÇãóåõ ÈöäóÍúæö ãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ãöäú ßóáóÇãö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò¡ æóãõæóÔøóÍñ ÈöÑóÝúÚö ÈóÚúÖöåö¡ æóÝöí ÈóÚúÖöåö ÛóÑóÇÈóÉñ¡ æóßóÃóäøóåõ ãöãøóÇ ÊóáóÞøóÇåõ ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈøóÇÓò Úóäö ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáöíøóÇÊö¡ æóÝöíåö Ãóäøó ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó ßóÇäó ÑóÖöíÚðÇ ÅöÐú ÐóÇßó¡ æóÚöäúÏó Ãóåúáö ÇáÊøóæúÑóÇÉö Ãóäøó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÃóãóÑóåõ Çááøóåõ ÈöÃóäú íóÎúÊöäó æóáóÏóåõ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó¡ æóßõáøó ãóäú ÚöäúÏóåõ ãöäó ÇáúÚóÈöíÏö æóÛóíúÑöåöãú ÝóÎóÊóäóåõãú¡ æóÐóáößó ÈóÚúÏó ãõÖöíøö ÊöÓúÚò æóÊöÓúÚöíäó ÓóäóÉð ãöäú ÚõãõÑöåö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÚõãõÑõ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó íóæúãóÆöÐò ËóáóÇËó ÚóÔúÑóÉó ÓóäóÉð¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇãúÊöËóÇáñ áöÃóãúÑö Çááøóåö ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó Ýöí Ãóåúáöåö ÝóíóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÝóÚóáóåõ Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáúæõÌõæÈöº æóáöåóÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáÕøóÍöíÍõ ãöäú ÃóÞúæóÇáö ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö Ãóäøóåõ æóÇÌöÈñ Úóáóì ÇáÑøöÌóÇáö¡ ßóãóÇ åõæó ãõÞóÑøóÑñ Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚöåö.
æóÞóÏú ËóÈóÊó Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÇáøóÐöí ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÞõÊóíúÈóÉõ Èúäõ ÓóÚöíÏò¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ãõÛöíÑóÉõ Èúäõ ÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö ÇáúÞõÑóÔöíøõ¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÇáÒøöäóÇÏö¡ Úóäö ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÌö¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó ÞóÇáó: ÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «ÇÎúÊóÊóäó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ æóåõæó ÇÈúäõ ËóãóÇäöíäó ÓóäóÉð ÈöÇáúÞóÏõæãö» . ÊóÇÈóÚóåõ ÚóÈúÏõ ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÇáÒøöäóÇÏö¡ æóÊóÇÈóÚóåõ ÚóÌúáóÇäõ¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó. æóÑóæóÇåõ ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÚóãúÑòæ¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÓóáóãóÉó¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó. æóåóßóÐóÇ ÑóæóÇåõ ãõÓúáöãñ¡ Úóäú ÞõÊóíúÈóÉó Èöåö. æóÝöí ÈóÚúÖö ÇáúÃóáúÝóÇÙö «ÇÎúÊóÊóäó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÈóÚúÏó ãóÇ ÃóÊóÊú Úóáóíúåö ËóãóÇäõæäó ÓóäóÉð æóÇÎúÊóÊóäó ÈöÇáúÞóÏõæãö» . æóÇáúÞóÏõæãõ åõæó ÇáúÂáóÉõ.

(1/361)


æóÞöíáó: ãóæúÖöÚñ. æóåóÐóÇ ÇááøóÝúÙõ áóÇ íõäóÇÝöí ÇáÒøöíóÇÏóÉó Úóáóì ÇáËøóãóÇäöíäó æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ áöãóÇ ÓóíóÃúÊöí ãöäó ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÚöäúÏó ÐößúÑö æóÝóÇÊöåö¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó¡ Úóäú ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: «ÇÎúÊóÊóäó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ æóåõæó ÇÈúäõ ãöÇÆóÉò æóÚöÔúÑöíäó ÓóäóÉð¡ æóÚóÇÔó ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó ËóãóÇäöíäó ÓóäóÉð» . ÑóæóÇåõ ÇÈúäõ ÍöÈøóÇäó Ýöí ÕóÍöíÍöåö¡ æóáóíúÓó Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáÓøöíóÇÞö ÐößúÑõ ÞöÕøóÉö ÇáÐøóÈöíÍö æóÃóäøóåõ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ¡ æóáóãú íóÐúßõÑú Ýöí ÞóÏóãóÇÊö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÅöáøóÇ ËóáóÇËó ãóÑøóÇÊò¡ ÃõæáóÇåõäøó ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú ÊóÒóæøóÌó ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ ÈóÚúÏó ãóæúÊö åóÇÌóÑó¡ æóßóíúÝó íóÊúÑõßõåõãú ãöäú Íöíäö ÕöÛóÑö ÇáúæóáóÏö Úóáóì ãóÇ ÐõßöÑó Åöáóì Íöíäö ÊóÒúæöíÌöåö áóÇ íóäúÙõÑõ Ýöí ÍóÇáöåöãú¿ æóÞóÏú ÐõßöÑó Ãóäøó ÇáúÃóÑúÖó ßóÇäóÊú ÊõØúæóì áóåõ. æóÞöíáó: Åöäøóåõ ßóÇäó íóÑúßóÈõ ÇáúÈõÑóÇÞó ÅöÐóÇ ÓóÇÑó Åöáóíúåöãú¡ ÝóßóíúÝó íóÊóÎóáøóÝõ Úóäú ãõØóÇáóÚóÉö ÍóÇáöåöãú¡ æóåõãú Ýöí ÛóÇíóÉö ÇáÖøóÑõæÑóÉö ÇáÔøóÏöíÏóÉö æóÇáúÍóÇÌóÉö ÇáúÃóßöíÏóÉö¿ æóßóÃóäøó ÈóÚúÖó åóÐóÇ ÇáÓøöíóÇÞö ãõÊóáóÞøðì ãöäó ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáöíøóÇÊö¡ æóãõØóÑøóÒñ ÈöÔóíúÁò ãöäó ÇáúãóÑúÝõæÚóÇÊö¡ æóáóãú íõÐúßóÑú Ýöíåö ÞöÕøóÉõ ÇáÐøóÈöíÍö¡ æóÞóÏú ÏóáøóáúäóÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáÐøóÈöíÍó åõæó ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ Úóáóì ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáÕøóÇÝøóÇÊö.

(1/362)


[ÞöÕøóÉõ ÇáÐøóÈöíÍö Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ]
ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÞóÇáó Åöäøöí ÐóÇåöÈñ Åöáóì ÑóÈøöí ÓóíóåúÏöíäö ÑóÈøö åóÈú áöí ãöäó ÇáÕøóÇáöÍöíäó ÝóÈóÔøóÑúäóÇåõ ÈöÛõáóÇãò Íóáöíãò ÝóáóãøóÇ ÈóáóÛó ãóÚóåõ ÇáÓøóÚúíó ÞóÇáó íóÇÈõäóíøó Åöäøöí ÃóÑóì Ýöí ÇáúãóäóÇãö Ãóäøöí ÃóÐúÈóÍõßó ÝóÇäúÙõÑú ãóÇÐóÇ ÊóÑóì ÞóÇáó íóÇÃóÈóÊö ÇÝúÚóáú ãóÇ ÊõÄúãóÑõ ÓóÊóÌöÏõäöí Åöäú ÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ ãöäó ÇáÕøóÇÈöÑöíäó ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóÓúáóãóÇ æóÊóáøóåõ áöáúÌóÈöíäö æóäóÇÏóíúäóÇåõ Ãóäú íóÇÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÞóÏú ÕóÏøóÞúÊó ÇáÑøõÄúíóÇ ÅöäøóÇ ßóÐóáößó äóÌúÒöí ÇáúãõÍúÓöäöíäó Åöäøó åóÐóÇ áóåõæó ÇáúÈóáóÇÁõ ÇáúãõÈöíäõ æóÝóÏóíúäóÇåõ ÈöÐöÈúÍò ÚóÙöíãò æóÊóÑóßúäóÇ Úóáóíúåö Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑöíäó ÓóáóÇãñ Úóáóì ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ßóÐóáößó äóÌúÒöí ÇáúãõÍúÓöäöíäó Åöäøóåõ ãöäú ÚöÈóÇÏöäóÇ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó æóÈóÔøóÑúäóÇåõ ÈöÅöÓúÍóÇÞó äóÈöíøðÇ ãöäó ÇáÕøóÇáöÍöíäó æóÈóÇÑóßúäóÇ Úóáóíúåö æóÚóáóì ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó æóãöäú ÐõÑøöíøóÊöåöãóÇ ãõÍúÓöäñ æóÙóÇáöãñ áöäóÝúÓöåö ãõÈöíäñ} [ÇáÕÇÝÇÊ: 99] Ãóíú ÔóÈøó æóÕóÇÑó íóÓúÚóì Ýöí ãóÕóÇáöÍöåö ßóÃóÈöíåö. ÞóÇáó ãõÌóÇåöÏñ: {ÝóáóãøóÇ ÈóáóÛó ãóÚóåõ ÇáÓøóÚúíó} [ÇáÕÇÝÇÊ: 102] Ãóíú ÔóÈøó æóÇÑúÊóÍóáó¡ æóÃóØóÇÞó ãóÇ íóÝúÚóáõåõ ÃóÈõæåõ ãöäó ÇáÓøóÚúíö æóÇáúÚóãóáö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÃõÑöíó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ Ýöí ÇáúãóäóÇãö Ãóäøóåõ íõÄúãóÑõ ÈöÐóÈúÍö æóáóÏöåö åóÐóÇ.
æóÝöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò ãóÑúÝõæÚðÇ «. ÑõÄúíóÇ ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö æóÍúíñ» . ÞóÇáóåõ

(1/363)


ÚõÈóíúÏõ Èúäõ ÚõãóíúÑò ÃóíúÖðÇ. æóåóÐóÇ ÇÎúÊöÈóÇÑñ ãöäó Çááøóåö ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó áöÎóáöíáöåö Ýöí Ãóäú íóÐúÈóÍó åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóáóÏó ÇáúÚóÒöíÒó ÇáøóÐöí ÌóÇÁóåõ Úóáóì ßöÈóÑò¡ æóÞóÏú ØóÚóäó Ýöí ÇáÓøöäøö ÈóÚúÏó ãóÇ ÃõãöÑó ÈöÃóäú íõÓúßöäóåõ åõæó æóÃõãøóåõ Ýöí ÈöáóÇÏò ÞóÝúÑò¡ æóæóÇÏò áóíúÓó Èöåö ÍóÓöíÓñ æóáóÇ ÃóäöíÓñ æóáóÇ ÒóÑúÚñ æóáóÇ ÖóÑúÚñ¡ ÝóÇãúÊóËóáó ÃóãúÑó Çááøóåö Ýöí Ðóáößó¡ æóÊóÑóßóåõãóÇ åõäóÇßó ËöÞóÉð ÈöÇááøóåö æóÊóæóßøõáðÇ Úóáóíúåö ÝóÌóÚóáó Çááøóåõ áóåõãóÇ ÝóÑóÌðÇ æóãóÎúÑóÌðÇ¡ æóÑóÒóÞóåõãóÇ ãöäú ÍóíúËõ áóÇ íóÍúÊóÓöÈóÇäö¡ Ëõãøó áóãøóÇ ÃõãöÑó ÈóÚúÏó åóÐóÇ ßõáøöåö ÈöÐóÈúÍö æóáóÏöåö åóÐóÇ¡ ÇáøóÐöí ÞóÏú ÃóÝúÑóÏóåõ Úóäú ÃóãúÑö ÑóÈøöåö¡ æóåõæó ÈößúÑõåõ æóæóÍöíÏõåõ ÇáøóÐöí áóíúÓó áóåõ ÛóíúÑõåõ ÃóÌóÇÈó ÑóÈøóåõ æóÇãúÊóËóáó ÃóãúÑóåõ æóÓóÇÑóÚó Åöáóì ØóÇÚóÊöåö¡ Ëõãøó ÚóÑóÖó Ðóáößó Úóáóì æóáóÏöåöº áöíóßõæäó ÃóØúíóÈó áöÞóáúÈöåö æóÃóåúæóäó Úóáóíúåö ãöäú Ãóäú íóÃúÎõÐóåõ ÞóÓúÑðÇ æóíóÐúÈóÍóåõ ÞóåúÑðÇ¡ ÞóÇáó: {íóÇ Èõäóíøó Åöäøöí ÃóÑóì Ýöí ÇáúãóäóÇãö Ãóäøöí ÃóÐúÈóÍõßó ÝóÇäúÙõÑú ãóÇÐóÇ ÊóÑóì} [ÇáÕÇÝÇÊ: 102] . ÝóÈóÇÏóÑó ÇáúÛõáóÇãõ ÇáúÍóáöíãõ íóÈóÑøõ æóÇáöÏóåõ ÇáúÎóáöíáó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: {íóÇ ÃóÈóÊö ÇÝúÚóáú ãóÇ ÊõÄúãóÑõ ÓóÊóÌöÏõäöí Åöäú ÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ ãöäó ÇáÕøóÇÈöÑöíäó} [ÇáÕÇÝÇÊ: 102] . æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ Ýöí ÛóÇíóÉö ÇáÓøóÏóÇÏö æóÇáØøóÇÚóÉö áöáúæóÇáöÏö æóáöÑóÈøö ÇáúÚöÈóÇÏö. ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóÓúáóãóÇ æóÊóáøóåõ áöáúÌóÈöíäö} [ÇáÕÇÝÇÊ: 103] . Þöíáó: ÃóÓúáóãóÇ Ãóíö ÇÓúÊóÓúáóãóÇ áöÃóãúÑö Çááøóåö æóÚóÒóãóÇ Úóáóì Ðóáößó. æóÞöíáó: åóÐóÇ ãöäó ÇáúãõÞóÏøóãö æóÇáúãõÄóÎøóÑö¡ æóÇáúãóÚúäóì Êóáøóåõ áöáúÌóÈöíäö Ãóíú ÃóáúÞóÇåõ Úóáóì æóÌúåöåö. Þöíáó: ÃóÑóÇÏó Ãóäú íóÐúÈóÍóåõ ãöäú ÞóÝóÇåõ áöÆóáøóÇ íõÔóÇåöÏóåõ Ýöí ÍóÇáö ÐóÈúÍöåö. ÞóÇáóåõ ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈøóÇÓò¡ æóãõÌóÇåöÏñ¡ æóÓóÚöíÏõ Èúäõ ÌõÈóíúÑò¡ æóÞóÊóÇÏóÉõ¡ æóÇáÖøóÍøóÇßõ. æóÞöíáó: Èóáú ÃóÖúÌóÚóåõ ßóãóÇ ÊõÖúÌóÚõ ÇáÐøóÈóÇÆöÍõ¡ æóÈóÞöíó ØóÑóÝõ ÌóÈöíäöåö áóÇÕöÞðÇ ÈöÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ æóÃóÓúáóãóÇ Ãóíú Óóãøóì ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ æóßóÈøóÑó æóÊóÔóåøóÏó æóÓóáøóãó ÇáúæóáóÏó áöáúãóæúÊö. ÞóÇáó ÇáÓøõÏøöíøõ æóÛóíúÑõåõ: ÃóãóÑøó ÇáÓøößøöíäó Úóáóì ÍóáúÞöåö Ýóáóãú

(1/364)


ÊóÞúØóÚú ÔóíúÆðÇ. æóíõÞóÇáõ: ÌõÚöáó ÈóíúäóåóÇ æóÈóíúäó ÍóáúÞöåö ÕóÝöíÍóÉñ ãöäú äõÍóÇÓò. æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ. ÝóÚöäúÏó Ðóáößó äõæÏöíó ãöäó Çááøóåö ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó: {Ãóäú íóÇ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÞóÏú ÕóÏøóÞúÊó ÇáÑøõÄúíóÇ} [ÇáÕÇÝÇÊ: 104] . Ãóíú ÞóÏú ÍóÕóáó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäö ÇÎúÊöÈóÇÑößö æóØóÇÚóÊößó æóãõÈóÇÏóÑóÊößó Åöáóì ÃóãúÑö ÑóÈøößó æóÈóÐúáößó æóáóÏóßó áöáúÞõÑúÈóÇäö¡ ßóãóÇ ÓóãóÍúÊó ÈöÈóÏóäößó áöáäøöíÑóÇäö¡ æóßóãóÇ ãóÇáõßó ãóÈúÐõæáñ áöáÖøöíÝóÇäöº æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Åöäøó åóÐóÇ áóåõæó ÇáúÈóáóÇÁõ ÇáúãõÈöíäõ} [ÇáÕÇÝÇÊ: 106] . Ãóíö ÇáöÇÎúÊöÈóÇÑõ ÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ ÇáúÈóíøöäõ. æóÞóæúáõåõ: {æóÝóÏóíúäóÇåõ ÈöÐöÈúÍò ÚóÙöíãò} [ÇáÕÇÝÇÊ: 107] . Ãóíú æóÌóÚóáúäóÇ ÝöÏóÇÁó ÐóÈúÍö æóáóÏöåö ãóÇ íóÓøóÑóåõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì áóåõ ãöäó ÇáúÚöæóÖö Úóäúåõ¡ æóÇáúãóÔúåõæÑõ Úóäö ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑö Ãóäøóåõ ßóÈúÔñ ÃóÈúíóÖõ ÃóÚúíóäõ ÃóÞúÑóäõ ÑóÂåõ ãóÑúÈõæØðÇ ÈöÓóãõÑóÉò Ýöí ËóÈöíÑò. ÞóÇáó ÇáËøóæúÑöíøõ: Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÚõËúãóÇäó Èúäö ÎõËóíúãò¡ Úóäú ÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÌõÈóíúÑò¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò ÞóÇáó: ßóÈúÔñ ÞóÏú ÑóÚóì Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ÃóÑúÈóÚöíäó ÎóÑöíÝðÇ. æóÞóÇáó ÓóÚöíÏõ Èúäõ ÌõÈóíúÑò: ßóÇäó íóÑúÊóÚõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ÍóÊøóì ÊóÔóÞøóÞó Úóäúåõ ËóÈöíÑñ¡ æóßóÇäó Úóáóíúåö Úöåúäñ ÃóÍúãóÑõ. æóÚóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò: åóÈóØó Úóáóíúåö ãöäú ËóÈöíÑò ßóÈúÔñ ÃóÚúíóäõ ÃóÞúÑóäõ áóåõ ËõÛóÇÁñ ÝóÐóÈóÍóåõ¡ æóåõæó ÇáúßóÈúÔõ ÇáøóÐöí ÞóÑøóÈóåõ ÇÈúäõ ÂÏóãó ÝóÊõÞõÈøöáó ãöäúåõ. ÑóæóÇåõ ÇÈúäõ ÃóÈöí ÍóÇÊöãò. ÞóÇáó ãõÌóÇåöÏñ: ÝóÐóÈóÍóåõ Èöãöäðì. æóÞóÇáó ÚõÈóíúÏõ Èúäõ ÚõãóíúÑò: ÐóÈóÍóåõ ÈöÇáúãóÞóÇãö. ÝóÃóãøóÇ ãóÇ Ñõæöíó Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò Ãóäøóåõ ßóÇäó æóÚúáðÇ¡ æóÚóäö ÇáúÍóÓóäö Ãóäøóåõ ßóÇäó ÊóíúÓðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÑúæóì æóÇÓúãõåõ ÌóÑöíÑñ ÝóáóÇ íóßóÇÏõ íóÕöÍøõ ÚóäúåõãóÇ¡ Ëõãøó ÛóÇáöÈõ ãóÇ åóÇåõäóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÂËóÇÑö ãóÃúÎõæÐñ ãöäó ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáöíøóÇÊö¡ æóÝöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ßöÝóÇíóÉñ ÚóãøóÇ ÌóÑóì ãöäó ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÇáúÚóÙöíãö æóÇáöÇÎúÊöÈóÇÑö ÇáúÈóÇåöÑö æóÃóäøóåõ ÝõÏöíó ÈöÐöÈúÍò ÚóÙöíãò.

(1/365)


æóÞóÏú æóÑóÏó Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö Ãóäøóåõ ßóÇäó ßóÈúÔðÇ¡ ÞóÇáó ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÓõÝúíóÇäõ¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ãóäúÕõæÑñ¡ Úóäú ÎóÇáöåö ãõÓóÇÝöÚò¡ Úóäú ÕóÝöíøóÉó ÈöäúÊö ÔóíúÈóÉó ÞóÇáóÊú ÃóÎúÈóÑóÊúäöí ÇãúÑóÃóÉñ ãöäú Èóäöí Óõáóíúãò¡ æóáøóÏóÊú ÚóÇãøóÉó Ãóåúáö ÏóÇÑöäóÇ ÞóÇáóÊú: ÃóÑúÓóáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Åöáóì ÚõËúãóÇäó Èúäö ØóáúÍóÉó. æóÞóÇáó ãóÑøóÉð: ÅöäøóåóÇ ÓóÃóáóÊú ÚõËúãóÇäó áöãó ÏóÚóÇßó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÇáó: «Åöäøöí ßõäúÊõ ÑóÃóíúÊõ ÞóÑúäóíö ÇáúßóÈúÔö Íöíäó ÏóÎóáúÊõ ÇáúÈóíúÊó ÝóäóÓöíÊõ Ãóäú ÂãõÑóßó Ãóäú ÊõÎóãøöÑóåõãóÇ ÝóÎóãøöÑúåõãóÇ ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóÇ íóäúÈóÛöí Ãóäú íóßõæäó Ýöí ÇáúÈóíúÊö ÔóíúÁñ íóÔúÛóáõ ÇáúãõÕóáøöíó» . ÞóÇáó: ÓõÝúíóÇäõ áóãú ÊóÒóáú ÞóÑúäóÇ ÇáúßóÈúÔö Ýöí ÇáúÈóíúÊö ÍóÊøóì ÇÍúÊöÑóÇÞö ÇáúÈóíúÊö ÝóÇÍúÊóÑóÞóÇ. æóåóßóÐóÇ Ñõæöíó Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò Ãóäøó ÑóÃúÓó ÇáúßóÈúÔö áóãú íóÒóáú ãõÚóáøóÞðÇ ÚöäúÏó ãöíÒóÇÈö ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö ÞóÏú íóÈöÓó¡ æóåóÐóÇ æóÍúÏóåõ Ïóáöíáñ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáÐøóÈöíÍó ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõº áöÃóäøóåõ ßóÇäó åõæó ÇáúãõÞöíãó ÈöãóßøóÉó æóÅöÓúÍóÇÞõ áóÇ äóÚúáóãõ Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÏöãóåóÇ Ýöí ÍóÇáö ÕöÛóÑöåö¡ æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ.
æóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ ãöäó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö¡ Èóáú ßóÃóäøóåõ äóÕøñ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáÐøóÈöíÍó åõæó ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõº áöÃóäøóåõ ÐóßóÑó ÞöÕøóÉó ÇáÐøóÈöíÍö¡ Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó ÈóÚúÏóåõ: {æóÈóÔøóÑúäóÇåõ ÈöÅöÓúÍóÇÞó äóÈöíøðÇ ãöäó ÇáÕøóÇáöÍöíäó} [ÇáÕÇÝÇÊ: 112] . æóãóäú ÌóÚóáóåõ ÍóÇáðÇ ÝóÞóÏú ÊóßóáøóÝó¡ æóãõÓúÊóäóÏõåõ Ãóäøóåõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞõ ÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáöíøóÇÊõ¡ æóßöÊóÇÈõåõãú Ýöíåö ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ¡ æóáóÇ ÓöíøóãóÇ åóÇåõäóÇ ÞóØúÚðÇ áóÇ ãóÍöíÏó Úóäúåõ ÝóÅöäøó ÚöäúÏóåõãú Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóãóÑó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Ãóäú íóÐúÈóÍó ÇÈúäóåõ æóÍöíÏóåõ æóÝöí äõÓúÎóÉò ãöäó ÇáúãõÚóÑøóÈóÉö: ÈößúÑóåõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó ÝóáóÝúÙóÉõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó åóÇåõäóÇ ãõÞúÍóãóÉñ ãóßúÐõæÈóÉñ ãõÝúÊóÑóÇÉñº áöÃóäøóåõ áóíúÓó åõæó ÇáúæóÍöíÏó æóáóÇ ÇáúÈößúÑó æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÇáúæóÍöíÏõ ÇáúÈößúÑõ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ Íóãóáóåõãú Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÍóÓóÏõ ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ÝóÅöäøó ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó ÃóÈõæ ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÓúßõäõæäó ÇáúÍöÌóÇÒó ÇáøóÐöíäó ãöäúåõãú ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ æóÅöÓúÍóÇÞó æóÇáöÏõ íóÚúÞõæÈó¡ æóåõæó ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáõ ÇáøóÐöíäó íóäúÊóÓöÈõæäó Åöáóíúåö¡

(1/366)


ÝóÃóÑóÇÏõæÇ Ãóäú íóÌõÑøõæÇ åóÐóÇ ÇáÔøóÑóÝó Åöáóíúåöãú ÝóÍóÑøóÝõæÇ ßóáóÇãó Çááøóåö æóÒóÇÏõæÇ Ýöíåö æóåõãú Þóæúãñ ÈõåúÊñ¡ æóáóãú íõÞöÑøõæÇ ÈöÃóäøó ÇáúÝóÖúáó ÈöíóÏö Çááøóåö íõÄúÊöíåö ãóäú íóÔóÇÁõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞõ ØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ßóËöíÑóÉñ ãöäó ÇáÓøóáóÝö¡ æóÛóíúÑöåöãú¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóÎóÐõæåõ æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ ãöäú ßóÚúÈö ÇáúÃóÍúÈóÇÑö Ãóæú ÕõÍõÝö Ãóåúáö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö¡ æóáóíúÓó Ýöí Ðóáößó ÍóÏöíËñ ÕóÍöíÍñ Úóäö ÇáúãóÚúÕõæãö ÍóÊøóì äóÊúÑõßó áöÃóÌúáöåö ÙóÇåöÑó ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö ÇáúÚóÒöíÒö æóáóÇ íõÝúåóãõ åóÐóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö¡ Èóáö ÇáúãóÝúåõæãõ Èóáö ÇáúãóäúØõæÞõ Èóáö ÇáäøóÕøõ ÚöäúÏó ÇáÊøóÃóãøõáö Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ¡ æóãóÇ ÃóÍúÓóäó ãóÇ ÇÓúÊóÏóáøó ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ßóÚúÈò ÇáúÞõÑóÙöíøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ¡ æóáóíúÓó ÈöÅöÓúÍóÇÞó ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: {ÝóÈóÔøóÑúäóÇåóÇ ÈöÅöÓúÍóÇÞó æóãöäú æóÑóÇÁö ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó íóÚúÞõæÈó} [åæÏ: 71] ÞóÇáó: ÝóßóíúÝó ÊóÞóÚõ ÇáúÈöÔóÇÑóÉõ ÈöÅöÓúÍóÇÞó æóÃóäøóåõ ÓóíõæáóÏõ áóåõ íóÚúÞõæÈõ¡ Ëõãøó íõÄúãóÑõ ÈöÐóÈúÍö ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó æóåõæó ÕóÛöíÑñ ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íõæáóÏó áóåõ¿ åóÐóÇ áóÇ íóßõæäõº áöÃóäøóåõ íõäóÇÞöÖõ ÇáúÈöÔóÇÑóÉó ÇáúãõÊóÞóÏøöãóÉó¡ æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ.
æóÞóÏö ÇÚúÊóÑóÖó ÇáÓøõåóíúáöíøõ Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáö ÈöãóÇ ÍóÇÕöáõåõ Ãóäøó Þóæúáóåõ: {ÝóÈóÔøóÑúäóÇåóÇ ÈöÅöÓúÍóÇÞó} [åæÏ: 71] ÌõãúáóÉñ ÊóÇãøóÉñ. æóÞóæúáóåõ: {æóãöäú æóÑóÇÁö ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó íóÚúÞõæÈó} [åæÏ: 71] . ÌõãúáóÉñ ÃõÎúÑóì áóíúÓóÊú Ýöí ÍóíøöÒö ÇáúÈöÔóÇÑóÉö¡ ÞóÇáó: áöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ ãöäú ÍóíúËõ ÇáúÚóÑóÈöíøóÉõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãóÎúÝõæÖðÇ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íõÚóÇÏó ãóÚóåõ ÍóÑúÝõ ÇáúÌóÑøö ÝóáóÇ íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó ãóÑóÑúÊõ ÈöÒóíúÏò æóãöäú ÈóÚúÏöåö ÚóãúÑòæ ÍóÊøóì íõÞóÇáó æóãöäú ÈóÚúÏöåö ÈöÚóãúÑòæ. æóÞóÇáó ÝóÞóæúáõåõ: {æóãöäú æóÑóÇÁö ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó íóÚúÞõæÈó} [åæÏ: 71] . ãóäúÕõæÈñ ÈöÝöÚúáò ãõÖúãóÑò ÊóÞúÏöíÑõåõ æóæóåóÈúäóÇ áöÅöÓúÍóÇÞó íóÚúÞõæÈó¡ æóÝöí åóÐóÇ ÇáøóÐöí ÞóÇáóåõ äóÙóÑñ¡ æóÑóÌøóÍó Ãóäøóåõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞõ æóÇÍúÊóÌøó ÈöÞóæúáöåö: {ÝóáóãøóÇ ÈóáóÛó ãóÚóåõ ÇáÓøóÚúíó} [ÇáÕÇÝÇÊ: 102] . ÞóÇáó: æóÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ áóãú íóßõäú ÚöäúÏóåõ ÅöäøóãóÇ ßóÇäó Ýöí ÍóÇáö ÕöÛóÑöåö åõæó æóÃóãøõåõ ÈöÍöíóÇáö ãóßøóÉó ÝóßóíúÝó íóÈúáõÛõ ãóÚóåõ ÇáÓøóÚúíó¿ æóåóÐóÇ ÃóíúÖðÇ Ýöíåö äóÙóÑñº áöÃóäøóåõ ÞóÏú Ñõæöíó Ãóäøó ÇáúÎóáöíáó ßóÇäó íóÐúåóÈõ Ýöí ßóËöíÑò ãöäó ÇáúÃóæúÞóÇÊö

(1/367)


ÑóÇßöÈðÇ ÇáúÈõÑóÇÞó Åöáóì ãóßøóÉó íóØøóáöÚõ Úóáóì æóáóÏöåö æóÇÈúäöåö¡ Ëõãøó íóÑúÌöÚõ¡ æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ. Ýóãóäú Íõßöíó ÇáúÞóæúáõ Úóäúåõ ÈöÃóäøó ÇáÐøóÈúíÍó ÅöÓúÍóÇÞõ ßóÚúÈõ ÇáúÃóÍúÈóÇÑö. æóÑõæöíó Úóäú ÚõãóÑó¡ æóÇáúÚóÈøóÇÓö¡ æóÚóáöíøò¡ æóÇÈúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò¡ æóãóÓúÑõæÞò¡ æóÚößúÑöãóÉó¡ æóÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÌõÈóíúÑò¡ æóãõÌóÇåöÏò¡ æóÚóØóÇÁò¡ æóÇáÔøóÚúÈöíøö¡ æóãõÞóÇÊöáò¡ æóÚõÈóíúÏö Èúäö ÚõãóíúÑò¡ æóÃóÈöí ãóíúÓóÑóÉó¡ æóÒóíúÏö Èúäö ÃóÓúáóãó¡ æóÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÔóÞöíÞò¡ æóÇáÒøõåúÑöíøö¡ æóÇáúÞóÇÓöãö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ÈóÒøóÉó¡ æóãóßúÍõæáò¡ æóÚõËúãóÇäó Èúäö ÍóÇÖöÑò¡ æóÇáÓøõÏøöíøö¡ æóÇáúÍóÓóäö¡ æóÞóÊóÇÏóÉó¡ æóÃóÈöí ÇáúåõÐóíúáö¡ æóÇÈúäö ÓóÇÈöØò¡ æóåõæó ÇÎúÊöíóÇÑõ ÇÈúäö ÌóÑöíÑò¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÚóÌóÈñ ãöäúåõ¡ æóåõæó ÅöÍúÏóì ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÊóíúäö Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò¡ æóáóßöäøó ÇáÕøóÍöíÍó Úóäúåõ¡ æóÚóäú ÃóßúËóÑö åóÄõáóÇÁö Ãóäøóåõ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÞóÇáó ãõÌóÇåöÏñ¡ æóÓóÚöíÏñ æóÇáÔøóÚúÈöíøõ¡ æóíõæÓõÝõ Èúäõ ãöåúÑóÇäó¡ æóÚóØóÇÁñ¡ æóÛóíúÑõ æóÇÍöÏò¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò: åõæó ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ. æóÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÌóÑöíÑò: ÍóÏøóËóäöí íõæäõÓõ¡ ÃóäúÈóÃóäóÇ ÇÈúäõ æóåúÈò ÃóÎúÈóÑóäöí ÚóãúÑõæ Èúäõ ÞóíúÓò¡ Úóäú ÚóØóÇÁö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ÑóÈóÇÍò¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: ÇáúãóÝúÏöíøõ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ¡ æóÒóÚóãóÊö ÇáúíóåõæÏõ Ãóäøóåõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞõ¡ æóßóÐóÈóÊö ÇáúíóåõæÏõ. æóÞóÇáó ÚóÈúÏõ Çááøóåö Èúäõ ÇáúÅöãóÇãö ÃóÍúãóÏó¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöíåö åõæó ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ¡ æóÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÃóÈöí ÍóÇÊöãò: ÓóÃóáúÊõ ÃóÈöí Úóäö ÇáÐøóÈöíÍö ÝóÞóÇáó: ÇáÕøóÍöíÍõ Ãóäøóåõ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ.
ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÃóÈöí ÍóÇÊöãò: æóÑõæöíó Úóäú Úóáöíøò¡ æóÇÈúäö ÚõãóÑó¡ æóÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó¡ æóÃóÈöí ÇáØøõÝóíúáö¡ æóÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÇáúãõÓóíøóÈö¡ æóÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÌõÈóíúÑò¡ æóÇáúÍóÓóäö¡ æóãõÌóÇåöÏò¡

(1/368)


æóÇáÔøóÚúÈöíøö¡ æóãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö ßóÚúÈò¡ æóÃóÈöí ÌóÚúÝóÑò ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö Úóáöíøò¡ æóÃóÈöí ÕóÇáöÍò Ãóäøóåõãú ÞóÇáõæÇ: ÇáÐøóÈöíÍõ åõæó ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ æóÍóßóÇåõ ÇáúÈóÛóæöíøõ ÃóíúÖðÇ Úóäö ÇáÑøóÈöíÚö Èúäö ÃóäóÓò¡ æóÇáúßóáúÈöíøö¡ æóÃóÈöí ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÇáúÚóáóÇÁö. ÞõáúÊõ: æóÑõæöíó Úóäú ãõÚóÇæöíóÉó¡ æóÌóÇÁó Úóäúåõ «Ãóäøó ÑóÌõáðÇ ÞóÇáó áöÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: íóÇ ÇÈúäó ÇáÐøóÈöíÍóíúäö¡ ÝóÖóÍößó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó» . æóÅöáóíúåö ÐóåóÈó ÚõãóÑõ Èúäõ ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÚóÒöíÒö¡ æóãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó Èúäö íóÓóÇÑò¡ æóßóÇäó ÇáúÍóÓóäõ ÇáúÈóÕúÑöíøõ íóÞõæáõ: áóÇ Ôóßøó Ýöí åóÐóÇ. æóÞóÇáó ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó: Úóäú ÈõÑóíúÏóÉó Èúäö ÓõÝúíóÇäö Èúäö ÝóÑúæóÉó ÇáúÃóÓúáóãöíøö¡ Úóäú ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö ßóÚúÈò Ãóäøóåõ ÍóÏøóËóåõãú Ãóäøóåõ ÐóßóÑó Ðóáößó áöÚõãóÑó Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÚóÒöíÒö æóåõæó ÎóáöíÝóÉñ ÅöÐú ßóÇäó ãóÚóåõ ÈöÇáÔøóÇãö íóÚúäöí ÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáóåõ ÈöÞóæúáöåö ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÞöÕøóÉö: {ÝóÈóÔøóÑúäóÇåõ ÈöÅöÓúÍóÇÞó æóãöäú æóÑóÇÁö ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó íóÚúÞõæÈó} [åæÏ: 71] . ÝóÞóÇáó áóåõ ÚõãóÑõ: Åöäøó åóÐóÇ ÇáÔøóíúÁó ãóÇ ßõäúÊõ ÃóäúÙõÑõ Ýöíåö¡ æóÅöäøöí áóÃóÑóÇåõ ßóãóÇ ÞõáúÊó¡ Ëõãøó ÃóÑúÓóáó Åöáóì ÑóÌõáò ßóÇäó ÚöäúÏóåõ ÈöÇáÔøóÇãö ßóÇäó íóåõæÏöíøðÇ ÝóÃóÓúáóãó æóÍóÓõäó ÅöÓúáóÇãõåõ¡ æóßóÇäó íõÑóì Ãóäøóåõ ãöäú ÚõáóãóÇÆöåöãú ÞóÇáó: ÝóÓóÃóáóåõ ÚõãóÑõ Èúäõ ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÚóÒöíÒö Úóäú Ðóáößó - ÞóÇáó ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ßóÚúÈò: æóÃóäóÇ ÚöäúÏó ÚõãóÑó Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÚóÒöíÒö - ÝóÞóÇáó áóåõ ÚõãóÑõ Èúäõ ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÚóÒöíÒö: Ãóíøõ ÇÈúäóíú ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÃõãöÑó ÈöÐóÈúÍöåö¿ ÝóÞóÇáó: ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ æóÇááøóåö íóÇ ÃóãöíÑó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó¡ æóÅöäøó íóåõæÏó áóÊóÚúáóãõ

(1/369)


ÈöÐóáößó¡ æóáóßöäøóåõãú íóÍúÓõÏõæäóßõãú ãóÚúÔóÑó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö Úóáóì Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÃóÈóÇßõãõ ÇáøóÐöí ßóÇäó ãöäú ÃóãúÑö Çááøóåö Ýöíåö æóÇáúÝóÖúáö ÇáøóÐöí ÐóßóÑóåõ Çááøóåõ ãöäúåõ áöÕóÈúÑöåö áöãóÇ ÃõãöÑó Èöåö¡ Ýóåõãú íóÌúÍóÏõæäó Ðóáößó æóíóÒúÚõãõæäó Ãóäøóåõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞõº áöÃóäøó ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó ÃóÈõæåõãú. æóÞóÏú ÐóßóÑúäóÇ åóÐöåö ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉó ãõÓúÊóÞúÕóÇÉð ÈöÃóÏöáøóÊöåóÇ¡ æóÂËóÇÑöåóÇ Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈöäóÇ ÇáÊøóÝúÓöíÑö¡ æóáöáøóåö ÇáúÍóãúÏõ æóÇáúãöäøóÉõ.

(1/370)


[ÐößúÑõ ãóæúáöÏö ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ]
ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÈóÔøóÑúäóÇåõ ÈöÅöÓúÍóÇÞó äóÈöíøðÇ ãöäó ÇáÕøóÇáöÍöíäó æóÈóÇÑóßúäóÇ Úóáóíúåö æóÚóáóì ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó æóãöäú ÐõÑøöíøóÊöåöãóÇ ãõÍúÓöäñ æóÙóÇáöãñ áöäóÝúÓöåö ãõÈöíäñ} [ÇáÕÇÝÇÊ: 112] . æóÞóÏú ßóÇäóÊö ÇáúÈöÔóÇÑóÉõ Èöåö ãöäó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö áöÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó æóÓóÇÑóÉó áóãøóÇ ãóÑøõæÇ Èöåöãú ãõÌúÊóÇÒöíäó ÐóÇåöÈöíäó Åöáóì ãóÏóÇÆöäö Þóæúãö áõæØò áöíõÏóãøöÑõæÇ Úóáóíúåöãú áößõÝúÑöåöãú æóÝõÌõæÑöåöãú¡ ßóãóÇ ÓóíóÃúÊöí ÈóíóÇäõåõ Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚöåö Åöäú ÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóáóÞóÏú ÌóÇÁóÊú ÑõÓõáõäóÇ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÈöÇáúÈõÔúÑóì ÞóÇáõæÇ ÓóáóÇãðÇ ÞóÇáó ÓóáóÇãñ ÝóãóÇ áóÈöËó Ãóäú ÌóÇÁó ÈöÚöÌúáò ÍóäöíÐò ÝóáóãøóÇ ÑóÃóì ÃóíúÏöíóåõãú áóÇ ÊóÕöáõ Åöáóíúåö äóßöÑóåõãú æóÃóæúÌóÓó ãöäúåõãú ÎöíÝóÉð ÞóÇáõæÇ áóÇ ÊóÎóÝú ÅöäøóÇ ÃõÑúÓöáúäóÇ Åöáóì Þóæúãö áõæØò æóÇãúÑóÃóÊõåõ ÞóÇÆöãóÉñ ÝóÖóÍößóÊú ÝóÈóÔøóÑúäóÇåóÇ ÈöÅöÓúÍóÇÞó æóãöäú æóÑóÇÁö ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó íóÚúÞõæÈó ÞóÇáóÊú íóÇæóíúáóÊóì ÃóÃóáöÏõ æóÃóäóÇ ÚóÌõæÒñ æóåóÐóÇ ÈóÚúáöí ÔóíúÎðÇ Åöäøó åóÐóÇ áóÔóíúÁñ ÚóÌöíÈñ ÞóÇáõæÇ ÃóÊóÚúÌóÈöíäó ãöäú ÃóãúÑö Çááøóåö ÑóÍúãóÉõ Çááøóåö æóÈóÑóßóÇÊõåõ Úóáóíúßõãú Ãóåúáó ÇáúÈóíúÊö Åöäøóåõ ÍóãöíÏñ ãóÌöíÏñ} [åæÏ: 69]
[ÇáÐøóÇÑöíóÇÊö: 24 - 30] .

(1/371)


íóÐúßõÑõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉó ÞóÇáõæÇ æóßóÇäõæÇ ËóáóÇËóÉðº ÌöÈúÑöíáó¡ æóãöíßóÇÆöíáó¡ æóÅöÓúÑóÇÝöíáó¡ áóãøóÇ æóÑóÏõæÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÎóáöíáö ÍóÓöÈóåõãú ÃóæøóáðÇ ÃóÖúíóÇÝðÇ ÝóÚóÇãóáóåõãú ãõÚóÇãóáóÉó ÇáÖøõíõæÝö Ôóæóì áóåõãú ÚöÌúáðÇ ÓóãöíäðÇ ãöäú ÎöíóÇÑö ÈóÞóÑöåö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÞóÑøóÈóåõ Åöáóíúåöãú æóÚóÑóÖó Úóáóíúåöãú áóãú íóÑó áóåõãú åöãøóÉð Åöáóì ÇáúÃóßúáö ÈöÇáúßõáøöíøóÉö¡ æóÐóáößó áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉó áóíúÓó Ýöíåöãú ÞõæøóÉõ ÇáúÍóÇÌóÉö Åöáóì ÇáØøóÚóÇãö ÝóäóßöÑóåõãú ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ: {æóÃóæúÌóÓó ãöäúåõãú ÎöíÝóÉð ÞóÇáõæÇ áóÇ ÊóÎóÝú ÅöäøóÇ ÃõÑúÓöáúäóÇ Åöáóì Þóæúãö áõæØò} [åæÏ: 70] . Ãóíú áöäõÏóãøöÑó Úóáóíúåöãú ÝóÇÓúÊóÈúÔóÑóÊú ÚöäúÏó Ðóáößó ÓóÇÑóÉõ ÛóÖóÈðÇ áöáøóåö Úóáóíúåöãú æóßóÇäóÊú ÞóÇÆöãóÉð Úóáóì ÑõÁõæÓö ÇáúÃóÖúíóÇÝö¡ ßóãóÇ ÌóÑóÊú Èöåö ÚóÇÏóÉõ ÇáäøóÇÓö ãöäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö æóÛóíúÑöåöãú¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÖóÍößóÊö ÇÓúÊöÈúÔóÇÑðÇ ÈöÐóáößó ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóÈóÔøóÑúäóÇåóÇ ÈöÅöÓúÍóÇÞó æóãöäú æóÑóÇÁö ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó íóÚúÞõæÈó} [åæÏ: 71] . Ãóíú ÈóÔøóÑóÊúåóÇ ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉõ ÈöÐóáößó {ÝóÃóÞúÈóáóÊö ÇãúÑóÃóÊõåõ Ýöí ÕóÑøóÉò} [ÇáÐÇÑíÇÊ: 29] . Ãóíú Ýöí ÕóÑúÎóÉò {ÝóÕóßøóÊú æóÌúåóåóÇ} [ÇáÐÇÑíÇÊ: 29] Ãóíú ßóãóÇ íóÝúÚóáõ ÇáäøöÓóÇÁõ ÚöäúÏó ÇáÊøóÚóÌøõÈö¡ æóÞóÇáóÊú: {íóÇ æóíúáóÊóÇ ÃóÃóáöÏõ æóÃóäóÇ ÚóÌõæÒñ æóåóÐóÇ ÈóÚúáöí ÔóíúÎðÇ} [åæÏ: 72] . Ãóíú ßóíúÝó íóáöÏõ ãöËúáöí æóÃóäóÇ ßóÈöíÑóÉñ æóÚóÞöíãñ ÃóíúÖðÇ {æóåóÐóÇ ÈóÚúáöí} [åæÏ: 72] Ãóíú ÒóæúÌöí ÔóíúÎðÇ¡ ÊóÚóÌøóÈóÊú ãöäú æõÌõæÏö æóáóÏò æóÇáúÍóÇáóÉõ åóÐöåöº æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáóÊú: {Åöäøó åóÐóÇ áóÔóíúÁñ ÚóÌöíÈñ - ÞóÇáõæÇ ÃóÊóÚúÌóÈöíäó ãöäú ÃóãúÑö Çááøóåö ÑóÍúãóÉõ Çááøóåö æóÈóÑóßóÇÊõåõ Úóáóíúßõãú Ãóåúáó ÇáúÈóíúÊö Åöäøóåõ ÍóãöíÏñ ãóÌöíÏñ} [åæÏ: 72 - 73] . æóßóÐóáößó ÊóÚóÌøóÈó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÇÓúÊöÈúÔóÇÑðÇ ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáúÈöÔóÇÑóÉö æóÊóËúÈöíÊðÇ áóåóÇ æóÝóÑóÍðÇ ÈöåóÇ

(1/372)


{ÞóÇáó ÃóÈóÔøóÑúÊõãõæäöí Úóáóì Ãóäú ãóÓøóäöíó ÇáúßöÈóÑõ ÝóÈöãó ÊõÈóÔøöÑõæäó ÞóÇáõæÇ ÈóÔøóÑúäóÇßó ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö ÝóáóÇ Êóßõäú ãöäó ÇáúÞóÇäöØöíäó} [ÇáÍÌÑ: 54] .

(1/373)


ÃóßøóÏõæÇ ÇáúÎóÈóÑó ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáúÈöÔóÇÑóÉö¡ æóÞóÑøóÑõæåõ ãóÚóåõ ÝóÈóÔøóÑõæåõãóÇ {ÈöÛõáóÇãò Úóáöíãò} [ÇáÍÌÑ: 53] æóåõæó ÅöÓúÍóÇÞõ æóÃóÎõæåõ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ ÛõáóÇãñ Íóáöíãñ ãõäóÇÓöÈñ áöãóÞóÇãöåö æóÕóÈúÑöåö. æóåóßóÐóÇ æóÕóÝóåõ ÑóÈøõåõ ÈöÕöÏúÞö ÇáúæóÚúÏö æóÇáÕøóÈúÑö. æóÞóÇáó Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì: {ÝóÈóÔøóÑúäóÇåóÇ ÈöÅöÓúÍóÇÞó æóãöäú æóÑóÇÁö ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó íóÚúÞõæÈó} [åæÏ: 71] . æóåóÐóÇ ãöãøóÇ ÇÓúÊóÏóáøó Èöåö ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ßóÚúÈò ÇáúÞõÑóÙöíøõ¡ æóÛóíúÑõåõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáÐøóÈöíÍó åõæó ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ¡ æóÃóäøó ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íõÄúãóÑó ÈöÐóÈúÍöåö ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú æóÞóÚóÊö ÇáúÈöÔóÇÑóÉõ ÈöæõÌõæÏöåö æóæõÌõæÏö æóáóÏöåö íóÚúÞõæÈó ÇáúãõÔúÊóÞøö ãöäó ÇáúÚóÞöÈö ãöäú ÈóÚúÏöåö.
æóÚöäúÏó Ãóåúáö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö Ãóäøóåõ ÃóÍúÖóÑó ãóÚó ÇáúÚöÌúáö ÇáúÍóäöíÐö æóåõæó ÇáúãóÔúæöíøõ ÑóÛöíÝðÇ ãöäú ãóáøóÉò Ýöíåö ËóáóÇËóÉõ ÃóßúíóÇáò æóÓóãúäñ æóáóÈóäñ¡ æóÚöäúÏóåõãú Ãóäøóåõãú ÃóßóáõæÇ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÛóáóØñ ãóÍúÖñ. æóÞöíáó: ßóÇäõæÇ íõæÑõæäó Ãóäøóåõãú íóÃúßõáõæäó¡ æóÇáØøóÚóÇãõ íóÊóáóÇÔóì Ýöí ÇáúåóæóÇÁö¡ æóÚöäúÏóåõãú Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÊóÚóÇáóì ÞóÇáó áöÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó: ÃóãøóÇ ÓóÇÑóÉõ ÇãúÑóÃóÊõßó ÝóáóÇ íõÏúÚóì ÇÓúãõåóÇ ÓóÇÑóÇ¡ æóáóßöäö ÇÓúãõåóÇ ÓóÇÑóÉõ¡ æóÃõÈóÇÑößõ ÚóáóíúåóÇ¡ æóÃõÚúØöíßó ãöäúåóÇ ÇÈúäðÇ æóÃõÈóÇÑößõåõ¡ æóíóßõæäõ áöáÔøõÚõæÈö¡ æóãõáõæßõ ÇáÔøõÚõæÈö ãöäúåõ. ÝóÎóÑøó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Úóáóì æóÌúåöåö íóÚúäöí ÓóÇÌöÏðÇ æóÖóÍößó ÞóÇÆöáðÇ Ýöí äóÝúÓöåö: ÃóÈóÚúÏó ãöÇÆóÉö ÓóäóÉò íõæáóÏõ áöí ÛõáóÇãñ¡ Ãóæú ÓóÇÑóÉõ ÊóáöÏõ æóÞóÏú ÃóÊóÊú ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÊöÓúÚõæäó ÓóäóÉð¿ æóÞóÇáó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: áóíúÊó ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó íóÚöíÔõ ÞõÏøóÇãóßó! ÝóÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ áöÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó: ÈöÍóÞøöí Åöäøó ÇãúÑóÃóÊóßó ÓóÇÑóÉó ÊóáöÏõ áóßó ÛõáóÇãðÇ

(1/373)


æóÊóÏúÚõæ ÇÓúãóåõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó Åöáóì ãöËúáö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍöíäö ãöäú ÞóÇÈóáò¡ æóÃõæóÇËöÞõåõ ãöíËóÇÞöí Åöáóì ÇáÏøóåúÑö¡ æóáöÎóáóÝöåö ãöäú ÈóÚúÏöåö¡ æóÞóÏö ÇÓúÊóÌóÈúÊõ áóßó Ýöí ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó¡ æóÈóÇÑóßúÊõ Úóáóíúåö æóßóÈøóÑúÊõåõ æóäóãøóíúÊõåõ ÌóÏøðÇ ßóÈöíÑðÇ¡ æóíõæáóÏõ áóåõ ÇËúäóÇ ÚóÔóÑó ÚóÙöíãðÇ¡ æóÃóÌúÚóáõåõ ÑóÆöíÓðÇ áöÔóÚúÈò ÚóÙöíãò¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóßóáøóãúäóÇ Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÈöãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó¡ æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ.
ÝóÞóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóÈóÔøóÑúäóÇåóÇ ÈöÅöÓúÍóÇÞó æóãöäú æóÑóÇÁö ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó íóÚúÞõæÈó} [åæÏ: 71] . Ïóáöíáñ Úóáóì ÃóäøóåóÇ ÊóÓúÊóãúÊöÚõ ÈöæõÌõæÏö æóáóÏöåóÇ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó¡ Ëõãøó ãöäú ÈóÚúÏöåö íõæáóÏõ æóáóÏõåõ íóÚúÞõæÈõ Ãóíú íõæáóÏõ Ýöí ÍóíóÇÊöåöãóÇ áöÊóÞóÑøó ÃóÚúíõäõåõãóÇ Èöåö. ßóãóÇ ÞóÑøóÊú ÈöæóÇáöÏöåö. æóáóæú áóãú íõÑöÏú åóÐóÇ áóãú íóßõäú áöÐößúÑö íóÚúÞõæÈó æóÊóÎúÕöíÕö ÇáÊøóäúÕöíÕö Úóáóíúåö ãöäú Ïõæäö ÓóÇÆöÑö äóÓúáö ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó ÝóÇÆöÏóÉñ¡ æóáóãøóÇ Úõíøöäó ÈöÇáÐøößúÑö Ïóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõãú íóÊóãóÊøóÚóÇäö Èöåö æóíõÓóÑøóÇäö ÈöãóæúáöÏöåö¡ ßóãóÇ ÓõÑøóÇ ÈöãóæúáöÏö ÃóÈöíåö ãöäú ÞóÈúáöåö. æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóæóåóÈúäóÇ áóåõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó æóíóÚúÞõæÈó ßõáøðÇ åóÏóíúäóÇ} [ÇáÃäÚÇã: 84] . æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóáóãøóÇ ÇÚúÊóÒóáóåõãú æóãóÇ íóÚúÈõÏõæäó ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö æóåóÈúäóÇ áóåõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó æóíóÚúÞõæÈó} [ãÑíã: 49] . æóåóÐóÇ Åöäú ÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ ÙóÇåöÑñ Þóæöíøñ¡ æóíõÄóíøöÏõåõ ãóÇ ËóÈóÊó Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÓõáóíúãóÇäó Èúäö ãöåúÑóÇäó ÇáúÃóÚúãóÔö¡ Úóäú ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Èúäö íóÒöíÏó ÇáÊøóíúãöíøö¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöíåö¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÐóÑøò ÞóÇáó: «ÞõáúÊõ: íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Ãóíøõ ãóÓúÌöÏò æõÖöÚó Ãóæøóáó¿ ÞóÇáó: ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏõ ÇáúÍóÑóÇãõ. ÞõáúÊõ: Ëõãøó Ãóíøõ¿ ÞóÇáó: ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏõ ÇáúÃóÞúÕóì. ÞõáúÊõ: ßóãú ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ¿ ÞóÇáó: ÃóÑúÈóÚõæäó ÓóäóÉð.

(1/374)


ÞõáúÊõ: Ëõãøó Ãóíøõ¿ ÞóÇáó: Ëõãøó ÍóíúËõ ÃóÏúÑóßúÊó ÇáÕøóáóÇÉó ÝóÕóáøö ÝóßõáøõåóÇ ãóÓúÌöÏñ» . æóÚöäúÏó Ãóåúáö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö Ãóäøó íóÚúÞõæÈó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÓøóÓó ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏó ÇáúÃóÞúÕóì¡ æóåõæó ãóÓúÌöÏõ ÅöíáöíóÇ¡ æóåõæó ãóÓúÌöÏõ ÈóíúÊö ÇáúãóÞúÏöÓö ÔóÑøóÝóåõ Çááøóåõ. æóåóÐóÇ ãõÊøóÌöåñ¡ æóíóÔúåóÏõ áóåõ ãóÇ ÐóßóÑúäóÇåõ ãöäó ÇáúÍóÏöíËö.
ÝóÚóáóì åóÐóÇ íóßõæäõ ÈöäóÇÁõ íóÚúÞõæÈó¡ æóåõæó ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÈóÚúÏó ÈöäóÇÁö ÇáúÎóáöíáö æóÇÈúäöåö ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏó ÇáúÍóÑóÇãó ÈöÃóÑúÈóÚöíäó ÓóäóÉð ÓóæóÇÁð¡ æóÞóÏú ßóÇäó ÈöäóÇÄõåõãóÇ Ðóáößó ÈóÚúÏó æõÌõæÏö ÅöÓúÍóÇÞóº áöÃóäøó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ áóãøóÇ ÏóÚóÇ ÞóÇáó Ýöí ÏõÚóÇÆöåö ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÅöÐú ÞóÇáó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÑóÈøö ÇÌúÚóáú åóÐóÇ ÇáúÈóáóÏó ÂãöäðÇ æóÇÌúäõÈúäöí æóÈóäöíøó Ãóäú äóÚúÈõÏó ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãó ÑóÈøö Åöäøóåõäøó ÃóÖúáóáúäó ßóËöíÑðÇ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö Ýóãóäú ÊóÈöÚóäöí ÝóÅöäøóåõ ãöäøöí æóãóäú ÚóÕóÇäöí ÝóÅöäøóßó ÛóÝõæÑñ ÑóÍöíãñ ÑóÈøóäóÇ Åöäøöí ÃóÓúßóäúÊõ ãöäú ÐõÑøöíøóÊöí ÈöæóÇÏò ÛóíúÑö Ðöí ÒóÑúÚò ÚöäúÏó ÈóíúÊößó ÇáúãõÍóÑøóãö ÑóÈøóäóÇ áöíõÞöíãõæÇ ÇáÕøóáóÇÉó ÝóÇÌúÚóáú ÃóÝúÆöÏóÉð ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö Êóåúæöí Åöáóíúåöãú æóÇÑúÒõÞúåõãú ãöäó ÇáËøóãóÑóÇÊö áóÚóáøóåõãú íóÔúßõÑõæäó ÑóÈøóäóÇ Åöäøóßó ÊóÚúáóãõ ãóÇ äõÎúÝöí æóãóÇ äõÚúáöäõ æóãóÇ íóÎúÝóì Úóáóì Çááøóåö ãöäú ÔóíúÁò Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóáóÇ Ýöí ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö ÇáúÍóãúÏõ áöáøóåö ÇáøóÐöí æóåóÈó áöí Úóáóì ÇáúßöÈóÑö ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó æóÅöÓúÍóÇÞó Åöäøó ÑóÈøöí áóÓóãöíÚõ ÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö ÑóÈøö ÇÌúÚóáúäöí ãõÞöíãó ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö æóãöäú ÐõÑøöíøóÊöí ÑóÈøóäóÇ æóÊóÞóÈøóáú ÏõÚóÇÁö ÑóÈøóäóÇ ÇÛúÝöÑú áöí æóáöæóÇáöÏóíøó æóáöáúãõÄúãöäöíäó íóæúãó íóÞõæãõ ÇáúÍöÓóÇÈõ} [ÅÈÑÇåíã: 35]
[Õ: 35] .

(1/375)


æóßóãóÇ ÓóäõæÑöÏõåõ Ýöí ÞöÕøóÊöåö ÝóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ãöäú Ðóáößó¡ æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ. Ãóäøóåõ ÌóÏøóÏó ÈöäóÇÁóåõ¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ãöäú Ãóäøó ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ ÃóÑúÈóÚöíäó ÓóäóÉð¡ æóáóãú íóÞõáú ÃóÍóÏñ Åöäøó Èóíúäó ÓõáóíúãóÇäó æóÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÃóÑúÈóÚöíäó ÓóäóÉð Óöæóì ÇÈúäö ÍöÈøóÇäó Ýöí ÊóÞóÇÓöíãöåö æóÃóäúæóÇÚöåö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóæúáõ áóãú íõæóÇÝóÞú Úóáóíúåö æóáóÇ ÓõÈöÞó Åöáóíúåö.

(1/376)


[ÐößúÑõ ÈöäóÇÁö ÇáúÈóíúÊö ÇáúÚóÊöíÞö]
ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÅöÐú ÈóæøóÃúäóÇ áöÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ãóßóÇäó ÇáúÈóíúÊö Ãóäú áóÇ ÊõÔúÑößú Èöí ÔóíúÆðÇ æóØóåøöÑú ÈóíúÊöíó áöáØøóÇÆöÝöíäó æóÇáúÞóÇÆöãöíäó æóÇáÑøõßøóÚö ÇáÓøõÌõæÏö æóÃóÐøöäú Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈöÇáúÍóÌøö íóÃúÊõæßó ÑöÌóÇáðÇ æóÚóáóì ßõáøö ÖóÇãöÑò íóÃúÊöíäó ãöäú ßõáøö ÝóÌøò ÚóãöíÞò} [ÇáÍÌ: 26] . [ÇáúÍóÌøö: 26 - 27] . æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Åöäøó Ãóæøóáó ÈóíúÊò æõÖöÚó áöáäøóÇÓö áóáøóÐöí ÈöÈóßøóÉó ãõÈóÇÑóßðÇ æóåõÏðì áöáúÚóÇáóãöíäó Ýöíåö ÂíóÇÊñ ÈóíøöäóÇÊñ ãóÞóÇãõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó æóãóäú ÏóÎóáóåõ ßóÇäó ÂãöäðÇ æóáöáøóåö Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö ÍöÌøõ ÇáúÈóíúÊö ãóäö ÇÓúÊóØóÇÚó Åöáóíúåö ÓóÈöíáðÇ æóãóäú ßóÝóÑó ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó Ûóäöíøñ Úóäö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó} [Âá ÚãÑÇä: 96]
[ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö: 124 - 129] . íóÐúßõÑõ

(1/377)


ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóäú ÚóÈúÏöåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö æóÕóÝöíøöåö æóÎóáöíáöåö¡ ÅöãóÇãö ÇáúÍõäóÝóÇÁö¡ æóæóÇáöÏö ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö Úóáóíúåö ÃóÝúÖóáõ ÕóáóÇÉò æóÊóÓúáöíãò¡ Ãóäøóåõ Èóäóì ÇáúÈóíúÊó ÇáúÚóÊöíÞó ÇáøóÐöí åõæó Ãóæøóáõ ãóÓúÌöÏò æõÖöÚó áöÚõãõæãö ÇáäøóÇÓö íóÚúÈõÏõæäó Çááøóåó Ýöíåö¡ æóÈóæøóÃóåõ Çááøóåõ ãóßóÇäóåõ Ãóíú ÃóÑúÔóÏóåõ Åöáóíúåö æóÏóáøóåõ Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÞóÏú ÑõæøöíäóÇ Úóäú ÃóãöíÑö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó Úóáöíøö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ØóÇáöÈò æóÛóíúÑöåö Ãóäøóåõ ÃõÑúÔöÏó Åöáóíúåö ÈöæóÍúíò ãöäó Çááøóåö ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó¡ æóÞóÏú ÞóÏøóãúäóÇ Ýöí ÕöÝóÉö ÎóáúÞö ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö Ãóäøó ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉó ÈöÍöíóÇáö ÇáúÈóíúÊö ÇáúãóÚúãõæÑö ÈöÍóíúËõ Ãóäøóåõ áóæú ÓóÞóØó áóÓóÞóØó ÚóáóíúåóÇ¡ æóßóÐóáößó ãóÚóÇÈöÏõ ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö ÇáÓøóÈúÚö¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáÓøóáóÝö: Åöäøó Ýöí ßõáøö ÓóãóÇÁò ÈóíúÊðÇ íóÚúÈõÏõ Çááøóåó Ýöíåö Ãóåúáõ ßõáøö ÓóãóÇÁò æóåõæó ÝöíåóÇ ßóÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö áöÃóåúáö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÝóÃóãóÑó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ Ãóäú íóÈúäöíó áóåõ ÈóíúÊðÇ íóßõæäõ áöÃóåúáö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ßóÊöáúßó ÇáúãóÚóÇÈöÏö áöãóáóÇÆößóÉö ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö¡ æóÃóÑúÔóÏóåõ Çááøóåõ Åöáóì ãóßóÇäö ÇáúÈóíúÊö ÇáúãõåóíøóÃö áóåõ ÇáúãõÚóíøóäö áöÐóáößó ãõäúÐõ ÎóáóÞó ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖó¡ ßóãóÇ ËóÈóÊó Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö «Åöäøó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÈóáóÏó ÍóÑøóãóåõ Çááøóåõ íóæúãó ÎóáóÞó ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖó Ýóåõæó ÍóÑóÇãñ ÈöÍõÑúãóÉö Çááøóåö Åöáóì íóæúãö ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö» . æóáóãú íóÌöÆú Ýöí ÎóÈóÑò ÕóÍöíÍò Úóäú ãóÚúÕõæãò Ãóäøó ÇáúÈóíúÊó ßóÇäó ãóÈúäöíøðÇ ÞóÈúáó ÇáúÎóáöíáö Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ æóãóäú ÊóãóÓøóßó Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: {ãóßóÇäó ÇáúÈóíúÊö} [ÇáÍÌ: 26] ÝóáóíúÓó ÈöäóÇåöÖò æóáóÇ ÙóÇåöÑòº áöÃóäøó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó ãóßóÇäõåõ ÇáúãõÞóÏøóÑõ Ýöí Úöáúãö Çááøóåö¡ ÇáúãõÞóÏøóÑõ Ýöí ÞóÏóÑöåö¡ ÇáúãõÚóÙøóãõ ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö ãóæúÖöÚõåõ ãöäú áóÏõäú ÂÏóãó Åöáóì ÒóãóÇäö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó.
æóÞóÏú ÐóßóÑúäóÇ Ãóäøó ÂÏóãó äóÕóÈó Úóáóíúåö ÞõÈøóÉð¡ æóÃóäøó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉó ÞóÇáõæÇ áóåõ: ÞóÏú ØõÝúäóÇ ÞóÈúáóßó ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáúÈóíúÊö. æóÃóäøó ÇáÓøóÝöíäóÉó ØóÇÝóÊú Èöåö ÃóÑúÈóÚöíäó íóæúãðÇ Ãóæú äóÍúæó Ðóáößó¡

(1/378)


æóáóßöäú ßõáøõ åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÎúÈóÇÑö Úóäú Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó¡ æóÞóÏú ÞóÑøóÑúäóÇ ÃóäøóåóÇ áóÇ ÊõÕóÏøóÞõ æóáóÇ ÊõßóÐøóÈõ ÝóáóÇ íõÍúÊóÌøõ ÈöåóÇ¡ ÝóÃóãøóÇ Åöäú ÑóÏøóåóÇ ÇáúÍóÞøõ Ýóåöíó ãóÑúÏõæÏóÉñ¡ æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ: {Åöäøó Ãóæøóáó ÈóíúÊò æõÖöÚó áöáäøóÇÓö áóáøóÐöí ÈöÈóßøóÉó ãõÈóÇÑóßðÇ æóåõÏðì áöáúÚóÇáóãöíäó} [Âá ÚãÑÇä: 96] . Ãóíú Ãóæøóáõ ÈóíúÊò æõÖöÚó áöÚõãõæãö ÇáäøóÇÓö áöáúÈóÑóßóÉö æóÇáúåõÏóì ÇáúÈóíúÊõ ÇáøóÐöí ÈöÈóßøóÉó Þöíáó: ãóßøóÉõ. æóÞöíáó: ãóÍóáøóÉõ ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö {Ýöíåö ÂíóÇÊñ ÈóíøöäóÇÊñ} [Âá ÚãÑÇä: 97] . Ãóíú Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÈöäóÇÁõ ÇáúÎóáöíáö æóÇáöÏö ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö ãöäú ÈóÚúÏöåö æóÅöãóÇãö ÇáúÍõäóÝóÇÁö ãöäú æóáóÏöåö ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÞúÊóÏõæäó Èöåö. æóíóÊóãóÓøóßõæäó ÈöÓõäøóÊöåöº æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó: {ãóÞóÇãõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó} [Âá ÚãÑÇä: 97] Ãóíö: ÇáúÍóÌóÑõ ÇáøóÐöí ßóÇäó íóÞöÝõ Úóáóíúåö ÞóÇÆöãðÇ áóãøóÇ ÇÑúÊóÝóÚó ÇáúÈöäóÇÁõ Úóäú ÞóÇãóÊöåö ÝóæóÖóÚó áóåõ æóáóÏõåõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÌóÑó ÇáúãóÔúåõæÑó áöíóÑúÊóÝöÚó Úóáóíúåö áóãøóÇ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÇáúÈöäóÇÁõ æóÚóÙõãó ÇáúÝöäóÇÁõ¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí ÍóÏöíËö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò ÇáØøóæöíáö¡ æóÞóÏú ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÌóÑõ ãõáúÕóÞðÇ ÈöÍóÇÆöØö ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö Úóáóì ãóÇ ßóÇäó Úóáóíúåö ãöäú ÞóÏöíãö ÇáÒøóãóÇäö Åöáóì ÃóíøóÇãö ÚõãóÑó Èúäö ÇáúÎóØøóÇÈö ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ ÝóÃóÎøóÑóåõ Úóäö ÇáúÈóíúÊö ÞóáöíáðÇ áöÆóáøóÇ íóÔúÛóáó ÇáúãõÕóáøõæäó ÚöäúÏóåõ ÇáØøóÇÆöÝöíäó ÈöÇáúÈóíúÊö¡ æóÇÊøóÈóÚó ÚõãóÑõ Èúäõ ÇáúÎóØøóÇÈö ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ Ýöí åóÐóÇ¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÞóÏú æóÇÝóÞóåõ ÑóÈøõåõ Ýöí ÃóÔúíóÇÁó ãöäúåóǺ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö áöÑóÓõæáöåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: áóæö ÇÊøóÎóÐúäóÇ ãöäú ãóÞóÇãö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ãõÕóáøðì. ÝóÃóäúÒóáó Çááøóåõ {æóÇÊøóÎöÐõæÇ ãöäú ãóÞóÇãö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ãõÕóáøðì} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 125] æóÞóÏú ßóÇäóÊú ÂËóÇÑõ ÞóÏóãóíö ÇáúÎóáöíáö ÈóÇÞöíóÉð Ýöí ÇáÕøóÎúÑóÉö Åöáóì Ãóæøóáö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ØóÇáöÈò Ýöí ÞóÕöíÏóÊöåö ÇááøóÇãöíøóÉö ÇáúãóÔúåõæÑóÉö:
æóËóæúÑò æóãóäú ÃóÑúÓóì ËóÈöíÑðÇ ãóßóÇäóåõ ... æóÑóÇÞò áöíóÑúÞóì Ýöí ÍöÑóÇÁó æóäóÇÒöáö
æóÈöÇáúÈóíúÊö ÍóÞøö ÇáúÈóíúÊö ãöäú ÈóØúäö ãóßøóÉó ... æóÈöÇááøóåö Åöäøó Çááøóåó áóíúÓó ÈöÛóÇÝöáö
æóÈöÇáúÍóÌóÑö ÇáúãõÓúæóÏøö ÅöÐú íóãúÓóÍõæäóåõ ... ÅöÐóÇ ÇßúÊóäóÝõæåõ ÈöÇáÖøõÍóì æóÇáúÃóÕóÇÆöáö
æóãóæúØöÆõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Ýöí ÇáÕøóÎúÑö ÑóØúÈóÉñ ... Úóáóì ÞóÏóãóíúåö ÍóÇÝöíðÇ ÛóíúÑó äóÇÚöáö

(1/379)


íóÚúäöí Ãóäøó ÑöÌúáóåõ ÇáúßóÑöíãóÉó ÛóÇÕóÊú Ýöí ÇáÕøóÎúÑóÉö ÝóÕóÇÑóÊú Úóáóì ÞóÏúÑö ÞóÏóãöåö ÍóÇÝöíóÉð áóÇ ãõäúÊóÚöáóÉðº æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÅöÐú íóÑúÝóÚõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÇáúÞóæóÇÚöÏó ãöäó ÇáúÈóíúÊö æóÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 127] . Ãóíú Ýöí ÍóÇáö ÞóæúáöåöãóÇ: {ÑóÈøóäóÇ ÊóÞóÈøóáú ãöäøóÇ Åöäøóßó ÃóäúÊó ÇáÓøóãöíÚõ ÇáúÚóáöíãõ} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 127] . ÝóåõãóÇ Ýöí ÛóÇíóÉö ÇáúÅöÎúáóÇÕö æóÇáØøóÇÚóÉö áöáøóåö ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó¡ æóåõãóÇ íóÓúÃóáóÇäö ãöäó Çááøóåö ÇáÓøóãöíÚö ÇáúÚóáöíãö Ãóäú íóÊóÞóÈøóáó ãöäúåõãóÇ ãóÇ åõãóÇ Ýöíåö ãöäó ÇáØøóÇÚóÉö ÇáúÚóÙöíãóÉö æóÇáÓøóÚúíö ÇáúãóÔúßõæÑö {ÑóÈøóäóÇ æóÇÌúÚóáúäóÇ ãõÓúáöãóíúäö áóßó æóãöäú ÐõÑøöíøóÊöäóÇ ÃõãøóÉð ãõÓúáöãóÉð áóßó æóÃóÑöäóÇ ãóäóÇÓößóäóÇ æóÊõÈú ÚóáóíúäóÇ Åöäøóßó ÃóäúÊó ÇáÊøóæøóÇÈõ ÇáÑøóÍöíãõ} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 128] .
æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ Ãóäøó ÇáúÎóáöíáó Èóäóì ÃóÔúÑóÝó ÇáúãóÓóÇÌöÏö Ýöí ÃóÔúÑóÝö ÇáúÈöÞóÇÚö Ýöí æóÇÏò ÛóíúÑö Ðöí ÒóÑúÚò¡ æóÏóÚóÇ áöÃóåúáöåóÇ ÈöÇáúÈóÑóßóÉö¡ æóÃóäú íõÑúÒóÞõæÇ ãöäó ÇáËøóãóÑóÇÊö ãóÚó ÞöáøóÉö ÇáúãöíóÇåö¡ æóÚóÏóãö ÇáúÃóÔúÌóÇÑö æóÇáÒøõÑõæÚö æóÇáËøöãóÇÑö¡ æóÃóäú íóÌúÚóáóåõ ÍóÑóãðÇ ãõÍóÑøóãðÇ æóÃóãúäðÇ ãõÍóÊøóãðÇ¡ ÝóÇÓúÊóÌóÇÈó Çááøóåõ - æóáóåõ ÇáúÍóãúÏõ - áóåõ ãóÓúÃóáóÊóåõ¡ æóáóÈøóì ÏóÚúæóÊóåõ æóÃóÊóÇåõ ØöáúÈóÊóåõ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Ãóæóáóãú íóÑóæúÇ ÃóäøóÇ ÌóÚóáúäóÇ ÍóÑóãðÇ ÂãöäðÇ æóíõÊóÎóØøóÝõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ãöäú Íóæúáöåöãú} [ÇáÚäßÈæÊ: 67] . æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Ãóæóáóãú äõãóßøöäú áóåõãú ÍóÑóãðÇ ÂãöäðÇ íõÌúÈóì Åöáóíúåö ËóãóÑóÇÊõ ßõáøö ÔóíúÁò ÑöÒúÞðÇ ãöäú áóÏõäøóÇ} [ÇáÞÕÕ: 57] . æóÓóÃóáó Çááøóåó Ãóäú íóÈúÚóËó Ýöíåöãú ÑóÓõæáðÇ ãöäúåõãú Ãóíú ãöäú ÌöäúÓöåöãú æóÚóáóì áõÛóÊöåöãõ ÇáúÝóÕöíÍóÉö ÇáúÈóáöíÛóÉö ÇáäøóÕöíÍóÉö áöÊóÊöãøó Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáäøöÚúãóÊóÇäö ÇáÏøõäúíóæöíøóÉõ æóÇáÏøöíäöíøóÉõ¡ ÈöÓóÚóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÃõæáóì æóÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö¡ æóÞóÏö ÇÓúÊóÌóÇÈó Çááøóåõ áóåõ ÝóÈóÚóËó Ýöíåöãú ÑóÓõæáðÇ¡ æóÃóíøó ÑóÓõæáò¡ ÎóÊóãó Èöåö ÃóäúÈöíóÇÁóåõ æóÑõÓõáóåõ¡ æóÃóßúãóáó áóåõ ãöäó ÇáÏøöíäö ãóÇ áóãú íõÄúÊö ÃóÍóÏðÇ ÞóÈúáóåõ¡ æóÚóãøó ÈöÏóÚúæóÊöåö Ãóåúáó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö Úóáóì ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÃóÌúäóÇÓöåöãú æóáõÛóÇÊöåöãú æóÕöÝóÇÊöåöãú Ýöí ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáúÃóÞúØóÇÑö æóÇáúÃóãúÕóÇÑö æóÇáúÃóÚúÕóÇÑö Åöáóì íóæúãö ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ãöäú ÎóÕóÇÆöÕöåö ãöäú Èóíúäö ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö áöÔóÑóÝöåö Ýöí äóÝúÓöåö¡

(1/380)


æóßóãóÇáö ãóÇ ÃõÑúÓöáó Èöåö¡ æóÔóÑóÝö ÈõÞúÚóÊöåö¡ æóÝóÕóÇÍóÉö áõÛóÊöåö¡ æóßóãóÇáö ÔóÝóÞóÊöåö Úóáóì ÃõãøóÊöåö¡ æóáõØúÝöåö æóÑóÍúãóÊöåö¡ æóßöÑöíãö ãóÍúÊöÏöåö¡ æóÚóÙöíãö ãóæúáöÏöåö¡ æóØöíÈö ãóÕúÏóÑöåö æóãóæúÑöÏöåöº æóáöåóÐóÇ ÇÓúÊóÍóÞøó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÇáúÎóáöíáõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÅöÐú ßóÇäó ÈóÇäöíó ßóÚúÈóÉö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö Ãóäú íóßõæäõ ãóäúÕöÈõåõ æóãóÍóáøõåõ æóãóæúÖöÚõåõ Ýöí ãóäóÇÒöáö ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö¡ æóÑóÝöíÚö ÇáÏøóÑóÌóÇÊö ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÈóíúÊö ÇáúãóÚúãõæÑö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ßóÚúÈóÉõ Ãóåúáö ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÚóÉö ÇáúãõÈóÇÑóßö ÇáúãóÈúÑõæÑö ÇáøóÐöí íóÏúÎõáõåõ ßõáøó íóæúãò ÓóÈúÚõæäó ÃóáúÝðÇ ãöäó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö íóÊóÚóÈøóÏõæäó Ýöíåö¡ Ëõãøó áóÇ íóÚõæÏõæäó Åöáóíúåö Åöáóì íóæúãö ÇáúÈóÚúËö æóÇáäøõÔõæÑö¡ æóÞóÏú ÐóßóÑúäóÇ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÝúÓöíÑö ãöäú ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö ÕöÝóÉó ÈöäóÇíóÉö ÇáúÈóíúÊö æóãóÇ æóÑóÏó Ýöí Ðóáößó ãöäó ÇáúÃóÎúÈóÇÑö æóÇáúÂËóÇÑö ÈöãóÇ Ýöíåö ßöÝóÇíóÉñ Ýóãóäú ÃóÑóÇÏóåõ ÝóáúíõÑóÇÌöÚúåõ Ëóãøó¡ æóáöáøóåö ÇáúÍóãúÏõ.
Ýóãöäú Ðóáößó ãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÇáÓøõÏøöíøõ: áóãøóÇ ÃóãóÑó Çááøóåõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó æóÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó Ãóäú íóÈúäöíóÇ ÇáúÈóíúÊó¡ Ëõãøó áóãú íóÏúÑöíóÇ Ãóíúäó ãóßóÇäõåõ ÍóÊøóì ÈóÚóËó Çááøóåõ ÑöíÍðÇ íõÞóÇáõ áóåõ ÇáúÎóÌõæÌõ áóåóÇ ÌóäóÇÍóÇäö æóÑóÃúÓñ Ýöí ÕõæÑóÉö ÍóíøóÉò¡ ÝóßóäóÓóÊú áóåõãóÇ ãóÇ Íóæúáó ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö Úóäú ÃóÓóÇÓö ÇáúÈóíúÊö ÇáúÃóæøóáö¡ æóÃóÊúÈóÚóÇåóÇ ÈöÇáúãóÚóÇæöáö íóÍúÝöÑóÇäö ÍóÊøóì æóÖóÚóÇ ÇáúÃóÓóÇÓó¡ æóÐóáößó ÍóíúËõ íóÞõæáõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÅöÐú ÈóæøóÃúäóÇ áöÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ãóßóÇäó ÇáúÈóíúÊö} [ÇáÍÌ: 26] . ÝóáóãøóÇ ÈóáóÛóÇ ÇáúÞóæóÇÚöÏó ÈóäóíóÇ ÇáÑøõßúäó ÞóÇáó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ áöÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó: íóÇ Èõäóíøó ÇØúáõÈú áöí ÍóÌóÑðÇ ÍóÓóäðÇ ÃóÖóÚõåõ åóÇåõäóÇ ÞóÇáó: íóÇ ÃóÈóÊö Åöäøöí ßóÓúáóÇäõ ÊóÚöÈñ. ÞóÇáó: Úóáóíøó Ðóáößó. ÝóÇäúØóáóÞó æóÌóÇÁóåõ ÌöÈúÑöíáõ ÈöÇáúÍóÌóÑö ÇáúÃóÓúæóÏö ãöäó ÇáúåöäúÏö¡

(1/381)


æóßóÇäó íóÇÞõæÊóÉð ÈóíúÖóÇÁó ãöËúáó ÇáËøóÛóÇãóÉö¡ æóßóÇäó ÂÏóãõ åóÈóØó Èöåö ãöäó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ÝóÇÓúæóÏøó ãöäú ÎóØóÇíóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ ÝóÌóÇÁóåõ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ ÈöÍóÌóÑò ÝóæóÌóÏóåõ ÚöäúÏó ÇáÑøõßúäö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: íóÇ ÃóÈóÊö ãóäú ÌóÇÁóßó ÈöåóÐóÇ¿ ÞóÇáó: ÌóÇÁó Èöåö ãóäú åõæó ÃóäúÔóØõ ãöäúßó. ÝóÈóäóíóÇ¡ æóåõãóÇ íóÏúÚõæóÇäö Çááøóåó: {ÑóÈøóäóÇ ÊóÞóÈøóáú ãöäøóÇ Åöäøóßó ÃóäúÊó ÇáÓøóãöíÚõ ÇáúÚóáöíãõ} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 127] . æóÐóßóÑó ÇÈúäõ ÃóÈöí ÍóÇÊöãò Ãóäøóåõ ÈóäóÇåõ ãöäú ÎóãúÓóÉö ÃóÌúÈõáò¡ æóÃóäøó ÐóÇ ÇáúÞóÑúäóíúäö - æóßóÇäó ãóáößó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÅöÐú ÐóÇßó - ãóÑøó ÈöåöãóÇ æóåõãóÇ íóÈúäöíóÇäöåö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: ãóäú ÃóãóÑóßõãóÇ ÈöåóÐóÇ¿ ÝóÞóÇáó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ: Çááøóåõ ÃóãóÑóäóÇ Èöåö. ÝóÞóÇáó: æóãóÇ íõÏúÑöíäöí ÈöãóÇ ÊóÞõæáõ¿ ÝóÔóåöÏóÊú ÎóãúÓóÉõ ÃóßúÈõÔò Ãóäøóåõ ÃóãóÑóåõ ÈöÐóáößó ÝóÂãóäó æóÕóÏøóÞó. æóÐóßóÑó ÇáúÃóÒúÑóÞöíøõ Ãóäøóåõ ØóÇÝó ãóÚó ÇáúÎóáöíáö ÈöÇáúÈóíúÊö.
æóÞóÏú ßóÇäóÊú Úóáóì ÈöäóÇÁö ÇáúÎóáöíáö ãõÏøóÉð ØóæöíáóÉð¡ Ëõãøó ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó ÈóäóÊúåóÇ ÞõÑóíúÔñ ÝóÞóÕõÑóÊú ÈöåóÇ Úóäú ÞóæóÇÚöÏö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ÇáÔøóãóÇáö ãöãøóÇ íóáöí ÇáÔøóÇãó Úóáóì ãóÇ åöíó Úóáóíúåö Çáúíóæúãó¡ æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ãóÇáößò¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÔöåóÇÈò¡ Úóäú ÓóÇáöãò Ãóäøó ÚóÈúÏó Çááøóåö Èúäó ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÃóÎúÈóÑó ÇÈúäó ÚõãóÑó¡ Úóäú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó Ãóäøó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÇáó: «Ãóáóãú ÊóÑóíú Ãóäøó Þóæúãóßö áóãøóÇ ÈóäóæõÇ ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉó ÇÞúÊóÕóÑõæÇ Úóäú ÞóæóÇÚöÏö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó. ÝóÞõáúÊõ: íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö ÃóáóÇ ÊóÑõÏøõåóÇ Úóáóì ÞóæóÇÚöÏö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó¿ ÝóÞóÇáó:

(1/382)


áóæúáóÇ ÍöÏúËóÇäõ Þóæúãößö - æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò: áóæúáóÇ Ãóäøó Þóæúãóßö ÍóÏöíËõæ ÚóåúÏò ÈöÌóÇåöáöíøóÉò. Ãóæú ÞóÇáó: ÈößõÝúÑò - áóÃóäúÝóÞúÊõ ßóäúÒó ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö Ýöí ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö¡ æóáóÌóÚóáúÊõ ÈóÇÈóåóÇ ÈöÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ æóáóÃóÏúÎóáúÊõ ÝöíåóÇ ÇáúÍöÌúÑó» . æóÞóÏú ÈóäóÇåóÇ ÇÈúäõ ÇáÒøõÈóíúÑö ÑóÍöãóåõ Çááøóåõ Ýöí ÃóíøóÇãöåö Úóáóì ãóÇ ÃóÔóÇÑó Åöáóíúåö ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÍóÓúÈóãóÇ ÃóÎúÈóÑóÊúåõ ÎóÇáóÊõåõ ÚóÇÆöÔóÉõ Ãõãøõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó Úóäúåõ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÞóÊóáóåõ ÇáúÍóÌøóÇÌõ Ýöí ÓóäóÉö ËóáóÇËò æóÓóÈúÚöíäó ßóÊóÈó Åöáóì ÚóÈúÏö Çáúãóáößö Èúäö ãóÑúæóÇäó ÇáúÎóáöíÝóÉö ÅöÐú ÐóÇßó¡ ÝóÇÚúÊóÞóÏõæÇ Ãóäøó ÇÈúäó ÇáÒøõÈóíúÑö ÅöäøóãóÇ ÕóäóÚó Ðóáößó ãöäú ÊöáúÞóÇÁö äóÝúÓöåö¡ ÝóÃóãóÑó ÈöÑóÏøöåóÇ Åöáóì ãóÇ ßóÇäóÊú Úóáóíúåö ÝóäóÞóÖõæÇ ÇáúÍóÇÆöØó ÇáÔøóÇãöíøó æóÃóÎúÑóÌõæÇ ãöäúåóÇ ÇáúÍöÌúÑó¡ Ëõãøó ÓóÏøõæÇ ÇáúÍóÇÆöØó æóÑóÏóãõæÇ ÇáúÃóÍúÌóÇÑó Ýöí ÌóæúÝö ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö ÝóÇÑúÊóÝóÚó ÈóÇÈõåóÇ ÇáÔøóÑúÞöíøõ æóÓóÏøõæÇ ÇáúÛóÑúÈöíøó ÈöÇáúßõáøöíøóÉö¡ ßóãóÇ åõæó ãõÔóÇåóÏñ Åöáóì Çáúíóæúãö¡ Ëõãøó áóãøóÇ ÈóáóÛóåõãú Ãóäøó ÇÈúäó ÇáÒøõÈóíúÑö ÅöäøóãóÇ ÝóÚóáó åóÐóÇ áóãøóÇ ÃóÎúÈóÑóÊúåõ ÚóÇÆöÔóÉõ Ãõãøõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó äóÏöãõæÇ Úóáóì ãóÇ ÝóÚóáõæÇ æóÊóÃóÓøóÝõæÇ Ãóäú áóæú ßóÇäõæÇ ÊóÑóßõæåõ æóãóÇ Êóæóáøóì ãöäú Ðóáößó¡ Ëõãøó áóãøóÇ ßóÇäó Ýöí Òóãóäö ÇáúãóåúÏöíøö Èúäö ÇáúãóäúÕõæÑö ÇÓúÊóÔóÇÑó ÇáúÅöãóÇãó ãóÇáößó Èúäó ÃóäóÓò Ýöí ÑóÏøöåóÇ Úóáóì ÇáÕøöÝóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÈóäóÇåóÇ ÇÈúäõ ÇáÒøõÈóíúÑö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó áóåõ: Åöäøöí ÃóÎúÔóì Ãóäú íóÊøóÎöÐóåóÇ Çáúãõáõæßõ áõÚúÈóÉð¡ íóÚúäöí ßõáøóãóÇ ÌóÇÁó ãóáößñ ÈóäóÇåóÇ Úóáóì ÇáÕøöÝóÉö ÇáøóÊöí íõÑöíÏõ ÝóÇÓúÊóÞóÑøó ÇáúÃóãúÑõ Úóáóì ãóÇ åöíó Úóáóíúåö Çáúíóæúãó.

(1/383)


[ÐößúÑõ ËóäóÇÁö Çááøóåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö ÇáúßóÑöíãö Úóáóì ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö æóÎóáöíáöåö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó]
ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÅöÐö ÇÈúÊóáóì ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÑóÈøõåõ ÈößóáöãóÇÊò ÝóÃóÊóãøóåõäøó ÞóÇáó Åöäøöí ÌóÇÚöáõßó áöáäøóÇÓö ÅöãóÇãðÇ ÞóÇáó æóãöäú ÐõÑøöíøóÊöí ÞóÇáó áóÇ íóäóÇáõ ÚóåúÏöí ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 124] . áóãøóÇ æóÝøóì ãóÇ ÃóãóÑóåõ ÑóÈøõåõ Èöåö ãöäó ÇáÊøóßóÇáöíÝö ÇáúÚóÙöíãóÉö ÌóÚóáóåõ áöáäøóÇÓö ÅöãóÇãðÇ íóÞúÊóÏõæäó Èöåö. æóíóÃúÊóãøõæäó ÈöåóÏúíöåö¡ æóÓóÃóáó Çááøóåó Ãóäú Êóßõæäó åóÐöåö ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉõ ãõÊøóÕöáóÉð ÈöÓóÈóÈöåö æóÈóÇÞöíóÉð Ýöí äóÓóÈöåö æóÎóÇáöÏóÉð Ýöí ÚóÞöÈöåö¡ ÝóÃõÌöíÈó Åöáóì ãóÇ ÓóÃóáó æóÑóÇãó æóÓõáøöãóÊú Åöáóíúåö ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉõ ÈöÒöãóÇãò¡ æóÇÓúÊõËúäöíó ãöäú äóíúáöåóÇ ÇáÙøóÇáöãõæäó¡ æóÇÎúÊõÕøó ÈöåóÇ ãöäú ÐõÑøöíøóÊöåö ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁõ ÇáúÚóÇãöáõæäó¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóæóåóÈúäóÇ áóåõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó æóíóÚúÞõæÈó æóÌóÚóáúäóÇ Ýöí ÐõÑøöíøóÊöåö ÇáäøõÈõæøóÉó æóÇáúßöÊóÇÈó æóÂÊóíúäóÇåõ ÃóÌúÑóåõ Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ æóÅöäøóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö áóãöäó ÇáÕøóÇáöÍöíäó} [ÇáÚäßÈæÊ: 27] . æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóæóåóÈúäóÇ áóåõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó æóíóÚúÞõæÈó ßõáøðÇ åóÏóíúäóÇ æóäõæÍðÇ åóÏóíúäóÇ ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ æóãöäú ÐõÑøöíøóÊöåö ÏóÇæõÏó æóÓõáóíúãóÇäó æóÃóíøõæÈó æóíõæÓõÝó æóãõæÓóì æóåóÇÑõæäó æóßóÐóáößó äóÌúÒöí ÇáúãõÍúÓöäöíäó æóÒóßóÑöíøóÇ æóíóÍúíóì æóÚöíÓóì æóÅöáúíóÇÓó ßõáøñ ãöäó ÇáÕøóÇáöÍöíäó æóÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó æóÇáúíóÓóÚó æóíõæäõÓó æóáõæØðÇ æóßõáøðÇ ÝóÖøóáúäóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó æóãöäú ÂÈóÇÆöåöãú æóÐõÑøöíøóÇÊöåöãú æóÅöÎúæóÇäöåöãú æóÇÌúÊóÈóíúäóÇåõãú æóåóÏóíúäóÇåõãú Åöáóì ÕöÑóÇØò ãõÓúÊóÞöíãò} [ÇáÃäÚÇã: 84] ÚóÇÆöÏñ Úóáóì ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Úóáóì ÇáúãóÔúåõæÑö æóáõæØñ¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇÈúäó ÃóÎöíåö ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÏóÎóáó Ýöí ÇáÐøõÑøöíøóÉö ÊóÛúáöíÈðÇ¡ æóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáúÍóÇãöáõ áöáúÞóÇÆöáö ÇáúÂÎóÑö Ãóäøó ÇáÖøóãöíÑó Úóáóì äõæÍò¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÏøóãúäóÇ Ýöí ÞöÕøóÊöåö¡ æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ.

(1/384)


æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóáóÞóÏú ÃóÑúÓóáúäóÇ äõæÍðÇ æóÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó æóÌóÚóáúäóÇ Ýöí ÐõÑøöíøóÊöåöãóÇ ÇáäøõÈõæøóÉó æóÇáúßöÊóÇÈó} [ÇáÍÏíÏ: 26] . ÇáúÂíóÉó.
Ýóßõáøõ ßöÊóÇÈò ÃõäúÒöáó ãöäó ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö Úóáóì äóÈöíøò ãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö ÈóÚúÏó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÇáúÎóáöíáö Ýóãöäú ÐõÑøöíøóÊöåö æóÔöíÚóÊöåö¡ æóåóÐöåö ÎöáúÚóÉñ ÓóäöíøóÉñ áóÇ ÊõÖóÇåóì¡ æóãóÑúÊóÈóÉñ ÚóáöíøóÉñ áóÇ ÊõÈóÇåóì¡ æóÐóáößó Ãóäøóåõ æõáöÏó áóåõ áöÕõáúÈöåö æóáóÏóÇäö ÐóßóÑóÇäö ÚóÙöíãóÇäöº ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ ãöäú åóÇÌóÑó¡ Ëõãøó ÅöÓúÍóÇÞõ ãöäú ÓóÇÑóÉó¡ æóæõáöÏó áöåóÐóÇ íóÚúÞõæÈõ æóåõæó ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáõ ÇáøóÐöí íóäúÊóÓöÈõ Åöáóíúåö ÓóÇÆöÑõ ÃóÓúÈóÇØöåöãú ÝóßóÇäóÊú Ýöíåöãõ ÇáäøõÈõæøóÉõ¡ æóßóËõÑõæÇ ÌöÏøðÇ ÈöÍóíúËõ áóÇ íóÚúáóãõ ÚóÏóÏóåõãú ÅöáøóÇ ÇáøóÐöí ÈóÚóËóåõãú¡ æóÇÎúÊóÕøóåõãú ÈöÇáÑøöÓóÇáóÉö æóÇáäøõÈõæøóÉö ÍóÊøóì ÎõÊöãõæÇ ÈöÚöíÓóì ÇÈúäö ãóÑúíóãó ãöäú Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÝóßóÇäóÊú ãöäúåõ ÇáúÚóÑóÈõ Úóáóì ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÞóÈóÇÆöáöåóÇ¡ ßóãóÇ ÓóäõÈóíøöäõåõ ÝöíãóÇ ÈóÚúÏõ Åöäú ÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóáóãú íõæÌóÏú ãöäú ÓõáóÇáóÊöåö ãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö Óöæóì ÎóÇÊóãöåöãú Úóáóì ÇáúÅöØúáóÇÞö æóÓóíøöÏöåöãú¡ æóÝóÎúÑö Èóäöí ÂÏóãó Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ¡ æóÇáúÂÎöÑóÉöº ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúãõØøóáöÈö Èúäö åóÇÔöãò ÇáúÞõÑóÔöíøö ÇáúåóÇÔöãöíøö Çáúãóßøöíøö Ëõãøó ÇáúãóÏóäöíøö ÕóáóæóÇÊõ Çááøóåö æóÓóáóÇãõåõ Úóáóíúåö¡ Ýóáóãú íõæÌóÏú ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúÝóÑúÚö ÇáÔøóÑöíÝö æóÇáúÛõÕúäö ÇáúãõäöíÝö Óöæóì åóÐöåö ÇáúÌóæúåóÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÇåöÑóÉö¡ æóÇáÏøõÑøóÉö ÇáÒøóÇåöÑóÉö¡ æóæóÇÓöØóÉö ÇáúÚöÞúÏö ÇáúÝóÇÎöÑóÉö¡ æóåõæó ÇáÓøóíøöÏõ ÇáøóÐöí íóÝúÊóÎöÑõ Èöåö Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÌóãúÚö¡ æóíóÛúÈöØõåõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõæäó æóÇáúÂÎöÑõæäó íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö.
æóÞóÏú ËóÈóÊó Úóäúåõ Ýöí ÕóÍöíÍö ãõÓúáöãò¡ ßóãóÇ ÓóäõæÑöÏõåõ Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: «ÓóÃóÞõæãõ ãóÞóÇãðÇ íóÑúÛóÈõ Åöáóíøó ÇáúÎóáúÞõ ßõáøõåõãú ÍóÊøóì ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ» . ÝóãóÏóÍó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÃóÈóÇåõ ãöÏúÍóÉð ÚóÙöíãóÉð Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáÓøöíóÇÞö¡ æóÏóáøó ßóáóÇãõåõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÃóÝúÖóáõ ÇáúÎóáóÇÆöÞö ÈóÚúÏóåõ ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÎóáøóÇÞö Ýöí åóÐöåö

(1/385)


ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ æóíóæúãó íõßúÔóÝõ Úóäú ÓóÇÞò.
æóÞóÇáó ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÚõËúãóÇäõ Èúäõ ÃóÈöí ÔóíúÈóÉó¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÌóÑöíÑñ¡ Úóäú ãóäúÕõæÑò¡ Úóäö ÇáúãöäúåóÇáö¡ Úóäú ÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÌõÈóíúÑò¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò ÞóÇáó: «ßóÇäó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó íõÚóæøöÐõ ÇáúÍóÓóäó æóÇáúÍõÓóíúäó¡ æóíóÞõæáõ: Åöäøó ÃóÈóÇßõãóÇ ßóÇäó íõÚóæøöÐõ ÈöåöãóÇ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó æóÅöÓúÍóÇÞó: ÃóÚõæÐõ ÈößóáöãóÇÊö Çááøóåö ÇáÊøóÇãøóÉö ãöäú ßõáøö ÔóíúØóÇäò æóåóÇãøóÉò æóãöäú ßõáøö Úóíúäò áóÇãøóÉò» . æóÑóæóÇåõ Ãóåúáõ ÇáÓøõäóäö ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ãóäúÕõæÑò Èöåö. æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÅöÐú ÞóÇáó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÑóÈøö ÃóÑöäöí ßóíúÝó ÊõÍúíö ÇáúãóæúÊóì ÞóÇáó Ãóæóáóãú ÊõÄúãöäú ÞóÇáó Èóáóì æóáóßöäú áöíóØúãóÆöäøó ÞóáúÈöí ÞóÇáó ÝóÎõÐú ÃóÑúÈóÚóÉð ãöäó ÇáØøóíúÑö ÝóÕõÑúåõäøó Åöáóíúßó Ëõãøó ÇÌúÚóáú Úóáóì ßõáøö ÌóÈóáò ãöäúåõäøó ÌõÒúÁðÇ Ëõãøó ÇÏúÚõåõäøó íóÃúÊöíäóßó ÓóÚúíðÇ æóÇÚúáóãú Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÚóÒöíÒñ Íóßöíãñ} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 260] . ÐóßóÑó ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑõæäó áöåóÐóÇ ÇáÓøõÄóÇáö ÃóÓúÈóÇÈðÇ ÈóÓóØúäóÇåóÇ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÝúÓöíÑö æóÞóÑøóÑúäóÇåóÇ ÈöÃóÊóãøö ÊóÞúÑöíÑò¡ æóÇáúÍóÇÕöáõ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó ÃóÌóÇÈóåõ Åöáóì ãóÇ ÓóÃóáó ÝóÃóãóÑóåõ Ãóäú íóÚúãöÏó Åöáóì ÃóÑúÈóÚóÉò ãöäó ÇáØøõíõæÑö¡ æóÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ Ýöí ÊóÚúíöíäöåóÇ Úóáóì ÃóÞúæóÇáò¡ æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÍóÇÕöáñ Úóáóì ßõáøö ÊóÞúÏöíÑò¡ ÝóÃóãóÑóåõ Ãóäú íõãóÒøöÞó áõÍõæãóåõäøó æóÑöíÔóåõäøó¡ æóíóÎúáöØó Ðóáößó ÈóÚúÖóåõ Ýöí ÈóÚúÖò¡ Ëõãøó íõÞóÓøöãõåõ ÞöÓóãðÇ¡ æóíóÌúÚóáó Úóáóì ßõáøö ÌóÈóáò ãöäúåõäøó ÌõÒúÁðÇ ÝóÝóÚóáó ãóÇ ÃõãöÑó Èöåö¡ Ëõãøó ÃõãöÑó Ãóäú íóÏúÚõæóåõäøó ÈöÅöÐúäö ÑóÈøöåöäøó¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÏóÚóÇåõäøó ÌóÚóáó ßõáøõ ÚõÖúæò íóØöíÑõ Åöáóì ÕóÇÍöÈöåö¡ æóßõáøõ ÑöíÔóÉò ÊóÃúÊöí Åöáóì ÃõÎúÊöåóÇ ÍóÊøóì ÇÌúÊóãóÚó ÈóÏóäõ ßõáøö ØóÇÆöÑò Úóáóì ãóÇ ßóÇäó Úóáóíúåö¡ æóåõæó íóäúÙõÑõ Åöáóì ÞõÏúÑóÉö ÇáøóÐöí íóÞõæáõ

(1/386)


áöáÔøóíúÁö: ßõäú Ýóíóßõæäõ ÝóÃóÊóíúäó Åöáóíúåö ÓóÚúíðÇ áöíóßõæäó ÃóÈúíóäó áóåõ æóÃóæúÖóÍó áöãõÔóÇåóÏóÊöåö ãöäú Ãóäú íóÃúÊöíäó ØóíóÑóÇäðÇ. æóíõÞóÇáõ: Åöäøóåõ ÃõãöÑó Ãóäú íóÃúÎõÐó ÑõÁõæÓóåõäøó Ýöí íóÏöåö ÝóÌóÚóáó ßõáøõ ØóÇÆöÑò íóÃúÊöí ÝóÊóáúÞóÇåõ ÑóÃúÓõåõ ÝóíóÊóÑóßøóÈõ Úóáóì ÌõËøóÊöåö ßóãóÇ ßóÇäó¡ ÝóáóÇ Åöáóåó ÅöáøóÇ Çááøóåõ. æóÞóÏú ßóÇäó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ íóÚúáóãõ ÞõÏúÑóÉó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóáóì ÅöÍúíóÇÁö ÇáúãóæúÊóì ÚöáúãðÇ íóÞöíäðÇ áóÇ íóÍúÊóãöáõ ÇáäøóÞöíÖó¡ æóáóßöäú ÃóÍóÈøó Ãóäú íõÔóÇåöÏó Ðóáößó ÚöíóÇäðÇ¡ æóíóÊóÑóÞøóì ãöäú Úöáúãö ÇáúíóÞöíäö Åöáóì Úóíúäö ÇáúíóÞöíäö ÝóÃóÌóÇÈóåõ Çááøóåõ Åöáóì ÓõÄóÇáöåö¡ æóÃóÚúØóÇåõ ÛóÇíóÉó ãóÃúãõæáöåö. æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {íóÇ Ãóåúáó ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö áöãó ÊõÍóÇÌøõæäó Ýöí ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó æóãóÇ ÃõäúÒöáóÊö ÇáÊøóæúÑóÇÉõ æóÇáúÅöäúÌöíáõ ÅöáøóÇ ãöäú ÈóÚúÏöåö ÃóÝóáóÇ ÊóÚúÞöáõæäó åóÇ ÃóäúÊõãú åóÄõáóÇÁö ÍóÇÌóÌúÊõãú ÝöíãóÇ áóßõãú Èöåö Úöáúãñ Ýóáöãó ÊõÍóÇÌøõæäó ÝöíãóÇ áóíúÓó áóßõãú Èöåö Úöáúãñ æóÇááøóåõ íóÚúáóãõ æóÃóäúÊõãú áóÇ ÊóÚúáóãõæäó ãóÇ ßóÇäó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ íóåõæÏöíøðÇ æóáóÇ äóÕúÑóÇäöíøðÇ æóáóßöäú ßóÇäó ÍóäöíÝðÇ ãõÓúáöãðÇ æóãóÇ ßóÇäó ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó Åöäøó Ãóæúáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈöÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó áóáøóÐöíäó ÇÊøóÈóÚõæåõ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ æóÇááøóåõ æóáöíøõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó} [Âá ÚãÑÇä: 65] . Ãóíú ÝóßóíúÝó íóßõæäõ Úóáóì Ïöíäößõãú¡ æóÃóäúÊõãú ÅöäøóãóÇ ÔõÑöÚó áóßõãú ãóÇ ÔõÑöÚó ÈóÚúÏóåõ ÈöãõÏóÏò ãõÊóØóÇæöáóÉò¿ æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó: {ÃóÝóáóÇ ÊóÚúÞöáõæäó} [Âá ÚãÑÇä: 65] Åöáóì Ãóäú ÞóÇáó: {ãóÇ ßóÇäó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ íóåõæÏöíøðÇ æóáóÇ äóÕúÑóÇäöíøðÇ æóáóßöäú ßóÇäó ÍóäöíÝðÇ ãõÓúáöãðÇ æóãóÇ ßóÇäó ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó} [Âá ÚãÑÇä: 67] . ÝóÈóíøóäó Ãóäøóåõ ßóÇäó Úóáóì Ïöíäö Çááøóåö ÇáúÍóäöíÝö¡ æóåõæó ÇáúÞóÕúÏõ Åöáóì ÇáúÅöÎúáóÇÕö¡ æóÇáöÇäúÍöÑóÇÝõ ÚóãúÏðÇ Úóäö ÇáúÈóÇØöáö Åöáóì ÇáúÍóÞøö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ãõÎóÇáöÝñ áöáúíóåõæÏöíøóÉö æóÇáäøóÕúÑóÇäöíøóÉö æóÇáúãõÔúÑößöíøóÉö¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóãóäú íóÑúÛóÈõ Úóäú ãöáøóÉö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÅöáøóÇ ãóäú ÓóÝöåó äóÝúÓóåõ æóáóÞóÏö ÇÕúØóÝóíúäóÇåõ Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ æóÅöäøóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö áóãöäó ÇáÕøóÇáöÍöíäó ÅöÐú ÞóÇáó áóåõ ÑóÈøõåõ ÃóÓúáöãú ÞóÇáó ÃóÓúáóãúÊõ áöÑóÈøö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó æóæóÕøóì ÈöåóÇ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Èóäöíåö æóíóÚúÞõæÈõ íóÇÈóäöíøó Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÇÕúØóÝóì áóßõãõ ÇáÏøöíäó ÝóáóÇ ÊóãõæÊõäøó ÅöáøóÇ æóÃóäúÊõãú ãõÓúáöãõæäó Ãóãú ßõäúÊõãú ÔõåóÏóÇÁó ÅöÐú ÍóÖóÑó íóÚúÞõæÈó ÇáúãóæúÊõ ÅöÐú ÞóÇáó áöÈóäöíåö ãóÇ ÊóÚúÈõÏõæäó ãöäú ÈóÚúÏöí ÞóÇáõæÇ äóÚúÈõÏõ Åöáóåóßó æóÅöáóåó ÂÈóÇÆößó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó æóÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó æóÅöÓúÍóÇÞó ÅöáóåðÇ æóÇÍöÏðÇ æóäóÍúäõ áóåõ ãõÓúáöãõæäó Êöáúßó ÃõãøóÉñ ÞóÏú ÎóáóÊú áóåóÇ ãóÇ ßóÓóÈóÊú æóáóßõãú ãóÇ ßóÓóÈúÊõãú æóáóÇ ÊõÓúÃóáõæäó ÚóãøóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íóÚúãóáõæäó æóÞóÇáõæÇ ßõæäõæÇ åõæÏðÇ Ãóæú äóÕóÇÑóì ÊóåúÊóÏõæÇ Þõáú Èóáú ãöáøóÉó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÍóäöíÝðÇ æóãóÇ ßóÇäó ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÞõæáõæÇ ÂãóäøóÇ ÈöÇááøóåö æóãóÇ ÃõäúÒöáó ÅöáóíúäóÇ æóãóÇ ÃõäúÒöáó Åöáóì ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó æóÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó æóÅöÓúÍóÇÞó æóíóÚúÞõæÈó æóÇáúÃóÓúÈóÇØö æóãóÇ ÃõæÊöíó ãõæÓóì æóÚöíÓóì æóãóÇ ÃõæÊöíó ÇáäøóÈöíøõæäó ãöäú ÑóÈøöåöãú áóÇ äõÝóÑøöÞõ Èóíúäó ÃóÍóÏò ãöäúåõãú æóäóÍúäõ áóåõ ãõÓúáöãõæäó ÝóÅöäú ÂãóäõæÇ ÈöãöËúáö ãóÇ ÂãóäúÊõãú Èöåö ÝóÞóÏö ÇåúÊóÏóæúÇ æóÅöäú ÊóæóáøóæúÇ ÝóÅöäøóãóÇ åõãú Ýöí ÔöÞóÇÞò ÝóÓóíóßúÝöíßóåõãõ Çááøóåõ æóåõæó ÇáÓøóãöíÚõ ÇáúÚóáöíãõ ÕöÈúÛóÉó Çááøóåö æóãóäú ÃóÍúÓóäõ ãöäó Çááøóåö ÕöÈúÛóÉð æóäóÍúäõ áóåõ ÚóÇÈöÏõæäó Þõáú ÃóÊõÍóÇÌøõæäóäóÇ Ýöí Çááøóåö æóåõæó ÑóÈøõäóÇ æóÑóÈøõßõãú æóáóäóÇ ÃóÚúãóÇáõäóÇ æóáóßõãú ÃóÚúãóÇáõßõãú æóäóÍúäõ áóåõ ãõÎúáöÕõæäó Ãóãú ÊóÞõæáõæäó Åöäøó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó æóÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó æóÅöÓúÍóÇÞó æóíóÚúÞõæÈó æóÇáúÃóÓúÈóÇØó ßóÇäõæÇ åõæÏðÇ Ãóæú äóÕóÇÑóì Þõáú ÃóÃóäúÊõãú ÃóÚúáóãõ Ãóãö Çááøóåõ æóãóäú ÃóÙúáóãõ ãöãøóäú ßóÊóãó ÔóåóÇÏóÉð ÚöäúÏóåõ ãöäó Çááøóåö æóãóÇ Çááøóåõ ÈöÛóÇÝöáò ÚóãøóÇ ÊóÚúãóáõæäó} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 130]
[ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö: 130 - 140] .

(1/387)


ÝóäóÒøóåó Çááøóåõ ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó Îóáöíáóåõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ Úóäú Ãóäú íóßõæäó íóåõæÏöíøðÇ Ãóæú äóÕúÑóÇäöíøðÇ¡ æóÈóíøóäó Ãóäøóåõ ÅöäøóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÍóäöíÝðÇ ãõÓúáöãðÇ æóáóãú íóßõäú ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäóº æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Åöäøó Ãóæúáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈöÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó áóáøóÐöíäó ÇÊøóÈóÚõæåõ} [Âá ÚãÑÇä: 68] . íóÚúäöí ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÇäõæÇ Úóáóì ãöáøóÊöåö ãöäú ÃóÊúÈóÇÚöåö Ýöí ÒóãóÇäöåö æóãóäú ÊóãóÓøóßó ÈöÏöíäöåö ãöäú ÈóÚúÏöåöãú {æóåóÐóÇ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ} [Âá ÚãÑÇä: 68] íóÚúäöí ãõÍóãøóÏðÇ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó ÔóÑóÚó áóåõ ÇáÏøöíäó ÇáúÍóäöíÝó ÇáøóÐöí ÔóÑóÚóåõ áöáúÎóáöíáö æóßóãøóáóåõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì áóåõ¡

(1/388)


æóÃóÚúØóÇåõ ãóÇ áóãú íõÚúØö äóÈöíøðÇ æóáóÇ ÑóÓõæáðÇ ÞóÈúáóåõ¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Þõáú Åöäøóäöí åóÏóÇäöí ÑóÈøöí Åöáóì ÕöÑóÇØò ãõÓúÊóÞöíãò ÏöíäðÇ ÞöíóãðÇ ãöáøóÉó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÍóäöíÝðÇ æóãóÇ ßóÇäó ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó Þõáú Åöäøó ÕóáóÇÊöí æóäõÓõßöí æóãóÍúíóÇíó æóãóãóÇÊöí áöáøóåö ÑóÈøö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó áóÇ ÔóÑöíßó áóåõ æóÈöÐóáößó ÃõãöÑúÊõ æóÃóäóÇ Ãóæøóáõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó} [ÇáÃäÚÇã: 161]
[ÇáäøóÍúáö: 120 - 123] .
æóÞóÇáó ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Èúäõ ãõæÓóì¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ åöÔóÇãñ¡ Úóäú ãóÚúãóÑò¡ Úóäú ÃóíøõæÈó¡ Úóäú ÚößúÑöãóÉó¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò «Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áóãøóÇ ÑóÃóì ÇáÕøõæóÑó Ýöí ÇáúÈóíúÊö áóãú íóÏúÎõáú ÍóÊøóì ÃóãóÑó ÈöåóÇ ÝóãõÍöíóÊú¡ æóÑóÃóì ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó æóÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó ÈöÃóíúÏöíåöãóÇ ÇáúÃóÒúáóÇãõ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: ÞóÇÊóáóåõãõ Çááøóåõ¡ æóÇááøóåõ Åöäö ÇÓúÊóÞúÓóãóÇ ÈöÇáúÃóÒúáóÇãö ÞóØøõ» . áóãú íõÎúÑöÌúåõ ãõÓúáöãñ¡ æóÝöí ÈóÚúÖö ÃóáúÝóÇÙö ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö «ÞóÇÊóáóåõãõ Çááøóåõ áóÞóÏú ÚóáöãõæÇ Ãóäøó ÔóíúÎóäóÇ áóãú íóÓúÊóÞúÓöãú ÈöåóÇ ÞóØøõ» .
ÝóÞóæúáõåõ ÃõãøóÉð Ãóíú ÞõÏúæóÉð ÅöãóÇãðÇ ãõåúÊóÏöíðÇ ÏóÇÚöíðÇ Åöáóì ÇáúÎóíúÑö íõÞúÊóÏóì Èöåö Ýöíåö {ÞóÇäöÊðÇ áöáøóåö} [ÇáäÍá: 120] Ãóíú ÎóÇÔöÚðÇ áóåõ Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ÍóÇáóÇÊöåö æóÍóÑóßóÇÊöåö æóÓóßóäóÇÊöåö ÍóäöíÝðÇ Ãóíú ãõÎúáöÕðÇ Úóáóì ÈóÕöíÑóÉò æóáóãú íóßõ ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó {ÔóÇßöÑðÇ áöÃóäúÚõãöåö} [ÇáäÍá: 121] . Ãóíú ÞóÇÆöãðÇ ÈöÔõßúÑö ÑóÈøöåö ÈöÌóãöíÚö ÌóæóÇÑöÍöåö ãöäú ÞóáúÈöåö æóáöÓóÇäöåö æóÃóÚúãóÇáöåö

(1/389)


ÇÌúÊóÈóÇåõ Ãóíö ÇÎúÊóÇÑóåõ Çááøóåõ áöäóÝúÓöåö æóÇÕúØóÝóÇåõ áöÑöÓóÇáóÊöåö æóÇÊøóÎóÐóåõ ÎóáöíáðÇ¡ æóÌóãóÚó áóåõ Èóíúäó ÎóíúÑóíö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ æóÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö. æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóãóäú ÃóÍúÓóäõ ÏöíäðÇ ãöãøóäú ÃóÓúáóãó æóÌúåóåõ áöáøóåö æóåõæó ãõÍúÓöäñ æóÇÊøóÈóÚó ãöáøóÉó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÍóäöíÝðÇ æóÇÊøóÎóÐó Çááøóåõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÎóáöíáðÇ} [ÇáäÓÇÁ: 125] . íõÑóÛøöÈõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÇÊøöÈóÇÚö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõº áöÃóäøóåõ ßóÇäó Úóáóì ÇáÏøöíäö ÇáúÞóæöíãö æóÇáÕøöÑóÇØö ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞöíãö¡ æóÞóÏú ÞóÇãó ÈöÌóãöíÚö ãóÇ ÃóãóÑóåõ Èöåö ÑóÈøõåõ¡ æóãóÏóÍóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöÐóáößó ÝóÞóÇáó: {æóÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÇáøóÐöí æóÝøóì} [ÇáäÌã: 37] . æóáöåóÐóÇ ÇÊøóÎóÐóåõ Çááøóåõ ÎóáöíáðÇ¡ æóÇáúÎõáøóÉõ åöíó ÛóÇíóÉõ ÇáúãóÍóÈøóÉö¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÈóÚúÖõåõãú:
ÞóÏú ÊóÎóáøóáúÊó ãóÓúáóßó ÇáÑøõæÍö ãöäøöí ... æóÈöÐóÇ Óõãøöíó ÇáúÎóáöíáõ ÎóáöíáðÇ
æóåóßóÐóÇ äóÇáó åóÐöåö ÇáúãóäúÒöáóÉó ÎóÇÊóãõ ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö æóÓóíøöÏõ ÇáÑøõÓõáöº ãõÍóãøóÏñ ÕóáóæóÇÊõ Çááøóåö æóÓóáóÇãõåõ Úóáóíúåö¡ ßóãóÇ ËóÈóÊó Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö æóÛóíúÑöåöãóÇ ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÌõäúÏóÈò ÇáúÈóÌóáöíøö¡ æóÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÚóãúÑòæ¡ æóÇÈúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò¡ Úóäú ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: «íóÇ ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÇÊøóÎóÐóäöí ÎóáöíáðÇ¡ ßóãóÇ ÇÊøóÎóÐó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÎóáöíáðÇ» . æóÞóÇáó ÃóíúÖðÇ Ýöí ÂÎöÑö ÎõØúÈóÉò ÎóØóÈóåóÇ «ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ áóæú ßõäúÊõ ãõÊøóÎöÐðÇ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÎóáöíáðÇ áóÇÊøóÎóÐúÊõ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÎóáöíáðÇ¡ æóáóßöäøó ÕóÇÍöÈóßõãú Îóáöíáõ Çááøóåö» . ÃóÎúÑóÌóÇåõ ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÃóÈöí ÓóÚöíÏò¡ æóËóÈóÊó ÃóíúÖðÇ ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÇáÒøõÈóíúÑö¡ æóÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò¡ æóÇÈúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò.

(1/390)


æóÑóæóì ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ Ýöí ÕóÍöíÍöåö¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÓõáóíúãóÇäõ Èúäõ ÍóÑúÈò¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÔõÚúÈóÉõ¡ Úóäú ÍóÈöíÈö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ËóÇÈöÊò¡ Úóäú ÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÌõÈóíúÑò¡ Úóäú ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ãóíúãõæäò ÞóÇáó: «Åöäøó ãõÚóÇÐðÇ áóãøóÇ ÞóÏöãó Çáúíóãóäó Õóáøóì Èöåöãõ ÇáÕøõÈúÍó ÝóÞóÑóÃó: {æóÇÊøóÎóÐó Çááøóåõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÎóáöíáðÇ} [ÇáäÓÇÁ: 125] . ÝóÞóÇáó ÑóÌõáñ ãöäó ÇáúÞóæúãö: áóÞóÏú ÞóÑøóÊú Úóíúäõ Ãõãøö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó» . æóÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ãóÑúÏóæóíúåö: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÚóÈúÏõ ÇáÑøóÍöíãö Èúäõ ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö ãõÓúáöãò¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ Èúäõ ÃóÍúãóÏó Èúäö ÃõÓóíúÏò¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Èúäõ íóÚúÞõæÈó ÇáúÌõæÒúÌóÇäöíøõ ÈöãóßøóÉó¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÚóÈúÏõ Çááøóåö ÇáúÍóäóÝöíøõ¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÒóãúÚóÉõ Èúäõ ÕóÇáöÍò¡ Úóäú ÓóáóãóÉó Èúäö æóåúÑóÇãò¡ Úóäú ÚößúÑöãóÉó¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò ÞóÇáó: «ÌóáóÓó äóÇÓñ ãöäú ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó íóäúÊóÙöÑõæäóåõ ÝóÎóÑóÌó ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ ÏóäóÇ ãöäúåõãú ÓóãöÚóåõãú íóÊóÐóÇßóÑõæäó ÝóÓóãöÚó ÍóÏöíËóåõãú¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ÈóÚúÖõåõãú íóÞõæáõ: ÚóÌóÈñ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÇÊøóÎóÐó ãöäú ÎóáúÞöåö ÎóáöíáðÇ¡ ÝóÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Îóáöíáõåõ. æóÞóÇáó ÂÎóÑõ: ãóÇÐóÇ ÈöÃóÚúÌóÈó ãöäú Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ßóáøóãó ãõæÓóì ÊóßúáöíãðÇ. æóÞóÇáó ÂÎóÑõ: ÝóÚöíÓóì ÑõæÍõ Çááøóåö æóßóáöãóÊõåõ. æóÞóÇáó ÂÎóÑõ: ÂÏóãõ ÇÕúØóÝóÇåõ Çááøóåõ. ÝóÎóÑóÌó Úóáóíúåöãõ ÝóÓóáøóãó. æóÞóÇáó: ÞóÏú ÓóãöÚúÊõ ßóáóÇãóßõãú¡ æóÚóÌóÈóßõãú Ãóäøó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Îóáöíáõ Çááøóåö æóåõæó ßóÐóáößó¡ æóãõæÓóì ßóáöíãõåõ æóåõæó ßóÐóáößó¡ æóÚöíÓóì ÑõæÍõåõ æóßóáöãóÊõåõ æóåõæó ßóÐóáößó¡ æóÂÏóãõ ÇÕúØóÝóÇåõ Çááøóåõ æóåõæó ßóÐóáößó ÃóáóÇ æóÅöäøöí ÍóÈöíÈõ Çááøóåö¡ æóáóÇ ÝóÎúÑó¡ ÃóáóÇ æóÅöäøöí Ãóæøóáõ ÔóÇÝöÚò æóÃóæøóáõ ãõÔóÝøóÚò¡ æóáóÇ ÝóÎúÑó¡ æóÃóäóÇ Ãóæøóáõ ãóäú íõÍóÑøößõ ÍóáúÞóÉó ÈóÇÈö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ÝóíóÝúÊóÍõåõ Çááøóåõ ÝóíõÏúÎöáõäöíåóÇ æóãóÚöí ÝõÞóÑóÇÁõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó¡ æóÃóäóÇ ÃóßúÑóãõ ÇáúÃóæøóáöíäó æóÇáúÂÎóÑöíäó íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö¡ æóáóÇ ÝóÎúÑó» . åóÐóÇ ÍóÏöíËñ ÛóÑöíÈñ ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÌúåö¡ æóáóåõ ÔóæóÇåöÏõ ãöäú æõÌõæåò ÃõÎóÑó¡ æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ.

(1/391)


æóÑóæóì ÇáúÍóÇßöãõ Ýöí ãõÓúÊóÏúÑóßöåö ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÞóÊóÇÏóÉó¡ Úóäú ÚößúÑöãóÉó¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò ÞóÇáó: «ÃóÊõäúßöÑõæäó Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÇáúÎõáøóÉõ áöÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó¡ æóÇáúßóáóÇãõ áöãõæÓóì¡ æóÇáÑøõÄúíóÉõ áöãõÍóãøóÏò ÕóáóæóÇÊõ Çááøóåö æóÓóáóÇãõåõ Úóáóíúåöãú ÃóÌúãóÚöíäó» . æóÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÃóÈöí ÍóÇÊöãò: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÃóÈöí¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ãóÍúãõæÏõ Èúäõ ÎóÇáöÏò ÇáúÓøõáóãöíøõ¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÇáúæóáöíÏõ¡ Úóäú ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó Èúäö íóÓóÇÑò ÞóÇáó: áóãøóÇ ÇÊøóÎóÐó Çááøóåõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÎóáöíáðÇ ÃóáúÞóì Ýöí ÞóáúÈöåö ÇáúæóÌóáó ÍóÊøóì Åöäú ßóÇäó ÎóÝóÞóÇäõ ÞóáúÈöåö áóíõÓúãóÚõ ãöäú ÈõÚúÏò¡ ßóãóÇ íõÓúãóÚõ ÎóÝóÞóÇäõ ÇáØøóíúÑö Ýöí ÇáúåóæóÇÁö. æóÞóÇáó ÚõÈóíúÏõ Èúäõ ÚõãóíúÑò: ßóÇäó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ íõÖöíÝõ ÇáäøóÇÓó¡ ÝóÎóÑóÌó íóæúãðÇ íóáúÊóãöÓõ ÅöäúÓóÇäðÇ íõÖöíÝõåõ Ýóáóãú íóÌöÏú ÃóÍóÏðÇ íõÖöíÝõåõ¡ ÝóÑóÌóÚó Åöáóì ÏóÇÑöåö ÝóæóÌóÏó ÝöíåóÇ ÑóÌõáðÇ ÞóÇÆöãðÇ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: íóÇ ÚóÈúÏó Çááøóåö ãóÇ ÃóÏúÎóáóßó ÏóÇÑöí ÈöÛóíúÑö ÅöÐúäöí¿ ÞóÇáó: ÏóÎóáúÊõåóÇ ÈöÅöÐúäö ÑóÈøöåóÇ. ÞóÇáó: æóãóäú ÃóäúÊó¿ ÞóÇáó: ÃóäóÇ ãóáóßõ ÇáúãóæúÊö ÃóÑúÓóáóäöí ÑóÈøöí Åöáóì ÚóÈúÏò ãöäú ÚöÈóÇÏöåö ÃõÈóÔøöÑõåõ ÈöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÞóÏö ÇÊøóÎóÐóåõ ÎóáöíáðÇ. ÞóÇáó: ãóäú åõæó¡ ÝóæóÇááøóåö Åöäú ÃóÎúÈóÑúÊóäöí Èöåö¡ Ëõãøó ßóÇäó ÈöÃóÞúÕóì ÇáúÈöáóÇÏö áóÂÊöíóäøóåõ¡ Ëõãøó áóÇ ÃóÈúÑóÍõ áóåõ ÌóÇÑðÇ ÍóÊøóì íõÝóÑøöÞó ÈóíúäóäóÇ ÇáúãóæúÊõ. ÞóÇáó: Ðóáößó ÇáúÚóÈúÏõ ÃóäúÊó. ÞóÇáó: ÃóäóÇ! ÞóÇáó: äóÚóãú. ÞóÇáó: ÝóÈöãó ÇÊøóÎóÐóäöí ÑóÈøöí ÎóáöíáðÇ¿ ÞóÇáó: ÈöÃóäøóßó ÊõÚúØöí ÇáäøóÇÓó æóáóÇ ÊóÓúÃóáõåõãú. ÑóæóÇåõ ÇÈúäõ ÃóÈöí ÍóÇÊöãò¡ æóÞóÏú ÐóßóÑóåõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ßóËöíÑðÇ Ýöí ÛóíúÑö ãóÇ ãóæúÖöÚò ÈöÇáËøóäóÇÁö Úóáóíúåö æóÇáúãóÏúÍö áóåõ¡ ÝóÞöíáó: Åöäøóåõ ãóÐúßõæÑñ Ýöí ÎóãúÓóÉò æóËóáóÇËöíäó ãóæúÖöÚðÇ¡ ãöäúåóÇ ÎóãúÓóÉó ÚóÔóÑó Ýöí ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö æóÍúÏóåóÇ¡ æóåõæó ÃóÍóÏõ Ãõæáöí ÇáúÚóÒúãö ÇáúÎóãúÓóÉö ÇáúãóäúÕõæÕö Úóáóì ÃóÓúãóÇÆöåöãú

(1/392)


ÊóÎúÕöíÕðÇ ãöäú Èóíúäö ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö Ýöí ÂíóÊóíö ÇáúÃóÍúÒóÇÈö æóÇáÔøõæÑóì¡ æóåõãóÇ Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÅöÐú ÃóÎóÐúäóÇ ãöäó ÇáäøóÈöíøöíäó ãöíËóÇÞóåõãú æóãöäúßó æóãöäú äõæÍò æóÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó æóãõæÓóì æóÚöíÓóì ÇÈúäö ãóÑúíóãó æóÃóÎóÐúäóÇ ãöäúåõãú ãöíËóÇÞðÇ ÛóáöíÙðÇ} [ÇáÃÍÒÇÈ: 7] . æóÞóæúáõåõ: {ÔóÑóÚó áóßõãú ãöäó ÇáÏøöíäö ãóÇ æóÕøóì Èöåö äõæÍðÇ æóÇáøóÐöí ÃóæúÍóíúäóÇ Åöáóíúßó æóãóÇ æóÕøóíúäóÇ Èöåö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó æóãõæÓóì æóÚöíÓóì Ãóäú ÃóÞöíãõæÇ ÇáÏøöíäó æóáóÇ ÊóÊóÝóÑøóÞõæÇ Ýöíåö} [ÇáÔæÑì: 13] . ÇáúÂíóÉó¡ Ëõãøó åõæó ÃóÔúÑóÝõ Ãõæáöí ÇáúÚóÒúãö ÈóÚúÏó ãõÍóãøóÏò Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí æóÌóÏóåõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ Ýöí ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÚóÉö ãõÓúäöÏðÇ ÙóåúÑóåõ ÈöÇáúÈóíúÊö ÇáúãóÚúãõæÑö ÇáøóÐöí íóÏúÎõáõåõ ßõáøó íóæúãò ÓóÈúÚõæäó ÃóáúÝðÇ ãöäó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö Ëõãøó áóÇ íóÚõæÏõæäó Åöáóíúåö ÂÎöÑó ãóÇ Úóáóíúåöãú¡ æóãóÇ æóÞóÚó Ýöí ÍóÏöíËö ÔóÑöíßö Èúäö ÃóÈöí äóãöÑò¡ Úóäú ÃóäóÓò Ýöí ÍóÏöíËö ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÁöº ãöäú Ãóäøó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Ýöí ÇáÓøóÇÏöÓóÉö æóãõæÓóì Ýöí ÇáÓøóÇÈöÚóÉö¡ ÝóãöãøóÇ ÇäúÊõÞöÏó Úóáóì ÔóÑöíßò Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËö æóÇáÕøóÍöíÍõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ.
Ëõãøó ãöãøóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÃóÝúÖóáõ ãöäú ãõæÓóì ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÇáøóÐöí ÞóÇáó Ýöíåö: «æóÃóÎøóÑúÊõ ÇáËøóÇáöËóÉó áöíóæúãò íóÑúÛóÈõ Åöáóíøó ÇáúÎóáúÞõ ßõáøõåõãú ÍóÊøóì ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ» . ÑóæóÇåõ ãõÓúáöãñ ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÃõÈóíøö Èúäö ßóÚúÈò ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ¡ æóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáúãóÞóÇãõ ÇáúãóÍúãõæÏõ ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÎúÈóÑó Úóäúåõ ÕóáóæóÇÊõ Çááøóåö æóÓóáóÇãõåõ Úóáóíúåö ÈöÞóæúáöåö: «ÃóäóÇ ÓóíøöÏõ æóáóÏö ÂÏóãó íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö¡ æóáóÇ ÝóÎúÑó» . Ëõãøó ÐóßóÑó ÇÓúÊöÔúÝóÇÚó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈöÂÏóãó¡ Ëõãøó ÈöäõæÍò¡ Ëõãøó ÈöÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó¡ Ëõãøó ãõæÓóì¡ Ëõãøó ÚöíÓóì Ýóßõáøõåõãú íóÍöíÏõ ÚóäúåóÇ¡ ÍóÊøóì íóÃúÊõæÇ ãõÍóãøóÏðÇ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÝóíóÞõæáõ: «ÃóäóÇ áóåóÇ ÃóäóÇ áóåóÇ» . ÇáúÍóÏöíËó.
ÞóÇáó ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ Úóáöíøõ Èúäõ ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ íóÍúíóì Èúäõ ÓóÚöíÏò¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ

(1/393)


ÚóÈúÏõ Çááøóåö¡ ÍóÏøóËóäöí ÓóÚöíÏñ¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöíåö¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó ÞóÇáó: «Þöíáó: íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö ãóäú ÃóßúÑóãõ ÇáäøóÇÓö¿ ÞóÇáó: ÃóÊúÞóÇåõãú. ÞóÇáõæÇ: áóíúÓó Úóäú åóÐóÇ äóÓúÃóáõßó. ÞóÇáó: ÝóíõæÓõÝõ äóÈöíøõ Çááøóåö ÇÈúäõ äóÈöíøö Çááøóåö ÇÈúäö äóÈöíøö Çááøóåö ÇÈúäö Îóáöíáö Çááøóåö. ÞóÇáõæÇ: áóíúÓó Úóäú åóÐóÇ äóÓúÃóáõßó. ÞóÇáó: ÝóÚóäú ãóÚóÇÏöäö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ÊóÓúÃóáõæäöí¿ ÎöíóÇÑõåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö ÎöíóÇÑõåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÅöÐóÇ ÝóÞöåõæÇ» .
æóåóßóÐóÇ ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ Ýöí ãóæóÇÖöÚó ÃõÎóÑó¡ æóãõÓúáöãñ¡ æóÇáäøóÓóÇÆöíøõ ãöäú ØõÑõÞò¡ Úóäú íóÍúíóì Èúäö ÓóÚöíÏò ÇáúÞóØøóÇäö¡ Úóäú ÚõÈóíúÏö Çááøóåö¡ æóåõæó ÇÈúäõ ÚõãóÑó ÇáúÚõãóÑöíøõ Èöåö.
¡ Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ: ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÃõÓóÇãóÉó¡ æóãõÚúÊóãöÑñ¡ Úóäú ÚõÈóíúÏö Çááøóåö¡ Úóäú ÓóÚöíÏò¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó¡ Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ ÞõáúÊõ: æóÞóÏú ÃóÓúäóÏóåõ Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚò ÂÎóÑó ãöäú ÍóÏöíËöåöãóÇ¡ æóÍóÏöíËö ÚóÈúÏóÉó Èúäö ÓõáóíúãóÇäó¡ æóÇáäøóÓóÇÆöíøõ ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö ÈöÔúÑò ÃóÑúÈóÚóÊõåõãú Úóäú ÚõÈóíúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÚõãóÑó¡ Úóäú ÓóÚöíÏò¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó¡ Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ æóáóãú íóÐúßõÑõæÇ ÃóÈóÇåõ.
æóÞóÇáó ÃóÍúãóÏõ: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÈöÔúÑò¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÚóãúÑòæ¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÃóÈõæ ÓóáóãóÉó¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó ÞóÇáó: ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «Åöäøó ÇáúßóÑöíãó ÇÈúäó ÇáúßóÑöíãö ÇÈúäö ÇáúßóÑöíãö ÇÈúäö ÇáúßóÑöíãö íõæÓõÝõ Èúäõ íóÚúÞõæÈó Èúäö ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó Èúäö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Îóáöíáö Çááøóåö» . ÊóÝóÑøóÏó Èöåö ÃóÍúãóÏõ. æóÞóÇáó ÃóÍúãóÏõ: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÈöÔúÑò¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÚóãúÑòæ¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÃóÈõæ ÓóáóãóÉó¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó ÞóÇáó: ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «Åöäøó ÇáúßóÑöíãó ÇÈúäó ÇáúßóÑöíãö ÇÈúäö ÇáúßóÑöíãö ÇÈúäö ÇáúßóÑöíãö íõæÓõÝõ Èúäõ íóÚúÞõæÈó Èúäö ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó Èúäö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Îóáöíáö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö» . ÊóÝóÑøóÏó Èöåö ÃóÍúãóÏõ.
æóÞóÇáó ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÚóÈúÏóÉõ¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÚóÈúÏõ ÇáÕøóãóÏö Èúäõ ÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöíåö¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚõãóÑó¡ Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÇáó: «ÇáúßóÑöíãõ ÇÈúäõ ÇáúßóÑöíãö ÇÈúäö ÇáúßóÑöíãö ÇÈúäö ÇáúßóÑöíãö íõæÓõÝõ Èúäõ íóÚúÞõæÈó Èúäö

(1/394)


ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó Èúäö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó» . ÊóÝóÑøóÏó Èöåö ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÏöíäóÇÑò¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöíåö¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚõãóÑó Èöåö.
ÝóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÇáøóÐöí ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ íóÍúíóì¡ Úóäú ÓõÝúíóÇäó¡ ÍóÏøóËóäöí ãõÛöíÑóÉõ Èúäõ ÇáäøõÚúãóÇäö¡ Úóäú ÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÌõÈóíúÑò¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò¡ Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «íõÍúÔóÑõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÍõÝóÇÉð ÚõÑóÇÉð ÛõÑúáðÇ ÝóÃóæøóáõ ãóäú íõßúÓóì ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ» . Ëõãøó ÞóÑóÃó {ßóãóÇ ÈóÏóÃúäóÇ Ãóæøóáó ÎóáúÞò äõÚöíÏõåõ} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 104] . ÝóÃóÎúÑóÌóÇåõ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÓõÝúíóÇäó ÇáËøóæúÑöíøö¡ æóÔõÚúÈóÉó Èúäö ÇáúÍóÌøóÇÌö¡ ßöáóÇåõãóÇ Úóäú ãõÛöíÑóÉó Èúäö ÇáäøõÚúãóÇäö ÇáäøóÎóÚöíøö ÇáúßõæÝöíøö¡ Úóäú ÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÌõÈóíúÑò¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò Èöåö. æóåóÐöåö ÇáúÝóÖöíáóÉõ ÇáúãõÚóíøóäóÉõ áóÇ ÊóÞúÊóÖöí ÇáúÃóÝúÖóáöíøóÉó ÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö Åöáóì ãóÇ ÞóÇÈóáóåóÇ ãöãøóÇ ËóÈóÊó áöÕóÇÍöÈö ÇáúãóÞóÇãö ÇáúãóÍúãõæÏö ÇáøóÐöí íóÛúÈöØõåõ Èöåö ÇáúÃóæøóáõæäó æóÇáúÂÎöÑõæäó¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÇáúÂÎóÑõ ÇáøóÐöí ÞóÇáó ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ æóßöíÚñ¡ æóÃóÈõæ äõÚóíúãò¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÓõÝúíóÇäõ åõæó ÇáËøóæúÑöíøõ¡ Úóäú ãõÎúÊóÇÑö Èúäö ÝõáúÝõáò¡ Úóäú ÃóäóÓö Èúäö ãóÇáößò ÞóÇáó: «ÞóÇáó ÑóÌõáñ áöáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: íóÇ ÎóíúÑó ÇáúÈóÑöíøóÉö ÝóÞóÇáó: " ÐóÇßó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ» . ÝóÞóÏú ÑóæóÇåõ ãõÓúáöãñ ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÇáËøóæúÑöíøö¡ æóÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÅöÏúÑöíÓó¡ æóÚóáöíøö Èúäö ãõÓúåöÑò¡ æóãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö ÝõÖóíúáò ÃóÑúÈóÚóÊõåõãú Úóäö ÇáúãõÎúÊóÇÑö Èúäö ÝõáúÝõáò. æóÞóÇáó ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ: ÍóÓóäñ ÕóÍöíÍñ. æóåóÐóÇ ãöäú ÈóÇÈö ÇáúåóÖúãö¡ æóÇáÊøóæóÇÖõÚö ãóÚó æóÇáöÏöåö ÇáúÎóáöíáö Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó: «áóÇ ÊõÝóÖøöáõæäöí Úóáóì ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö» . æóÞóÇáó «áóÇ ÊõÝóÖøöáõæäöí Úóáóì ãõæÓóì ÝóÅöäøó ÇáäøóÇÓó íõÕúÚóÞõæäó íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö ÝóÃóßõæäõ Ãóæøóáó ãóäú íõÝöíÞõ ÝóÃóÌöÏõ ãõæÓóì

(1/395)


ÈóÇØöÔðÇ ÈöÞóÇÆöãóÉö ÇáúÚóÑúÔö¡ ÝóáóÇ ÃóÏúÑöí ÃóÝóÇÞó ÞóÈúáöí Ãóãú ÌõæÒöíó ÈöÕóÚúÞóÉö ÇáØøõæÑö» . æóåóÐóÇ ßõáøõåõ áóÇ íõäóÇÝöí ãóÇ ËóÈóÊó ÈöÇáÊøóæóÇÊõÑö Úóäúåõ ÕóáóæóÇÊõ Çááøóåö æóÓóáóÇãõåõ Úóáóíúåö ãöäú Ãóäøóåõ ÓóíøöÏõ æóáóÏö ÂÏóãó íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö. æóßóÐóáößó ÍóÏöíËõ ÃõÈóíøö Èúäö ßóÚúÈò Ýöí ÕóÍöíÍö ãõÓúáöãò «æóÃóÎøóÑúÊõ ÇáËøóÇáöËóÉó áöíóæúãò íóÑúÛóÈõ Åöáóíøó ÇáúÎóáúÞõ ßõáøõåõãú ÍóÊøóì ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ» . æóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÃóÝúÖóáó ÇáÑøõÓõáö æóÃõæáöí ÇáúÚóÒúãö ÈóÚúÏó ãõÍóãøóÏò ÕóáóæóÇÊõ Çááøóåö æóÓóáóÇãõåõ Úóáóíúåöãú ÃóÌúãóÚöíäó ÃõãöÑó ÇáúãõÕóáøöí Ãóäú íóÞõæáó Ýöí ÊóÔóåøõÏöåö ãóÇ ËóÈóÊó Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ßóÚúÈö Èúäö ÚõÌúÑóÉó¡ æóÛóíúÑöåö ÞóÇáó: ÞõáúäóÇ: íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö åóÐóÇ ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ Úóáóíúßó ÞóÏú ÚóÑóÝúäóÇåõ¡ ÝóßóíúÝó ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ Úóáóíúßó¿ ÞóÇáó: «ÞõæáõæÇ: Çááøóåõãøó Õóáøö Úóáóì ãõÍóãøóÏò æóÚóáóì Âáö ãõÍóãøóÏò¡ ßóãóÇ ÕóáøóíúÊó Úóáóì ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó æóÚóáóì Âáö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó¡ Åöäøóßó ÍóãöíÏñ ãóÌöíÏñ¡ æóÈóÇÑößú Úóáóì ãõÍóãøóÏò æóÚóáóì Âáö ãõÍóãøóÏò¡ ßóãóÇ ÈóÇÑóßúÊó Úóáóì ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó æóÚóáóì Âáö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Åöäøóßó ÍóãöíÏñ ãóÌöíÏñ» .
æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÇáøóÐöí æóÝøóì} [ÇáäÌã: 37] . ÞóÇáõæÇ: æóÝøóì ÌóãöíÚó ãóÇ ÃõãöÑó Èöåö. æóÞóÇãó ÈöÌóãöíÚö ÎöÕóÇáö ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö æóÔõÚóÈöåö¡ æóßóÇäó áóÇ íóÔúÛóáõåõ ãõÑóÇÚóÇÉõ ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÇáúÌóáöíáö Úóäö ÇáúÞöíóÇãö ÈöãóÕúáóÍóÉö ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÇáúÞóáöíáö¡ æóáóÇ íõäúÓöíåö ÇáúÞöíóÇãõ ÈöÃóÚúÈóÇÁö ÇáúãóÕóÇáöÍö ÇáúßöÈóÇÑö Úóäö ÇáÕøöÛóÇÑö ÞóÇáó ÚóÈúÏõ ÇáÑøóÒøóÇÞö: ÃóäúÈóÃóäóÇ ãóÚúãóÑñ¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ØóÇæõÓò¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöíåö¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò {æóÅöÐö ÇÈúÊóáóì ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÑóÈøõåõ ÈößóáöãóÇÊò ÝóÃóÊóãøóåõäøó} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 124] . ÞóÇáó: ÇÈúÊóáóÇåõ Çááøóåõ ÈöÇáØøóåóÇÑóÉö ÎóãúÓñ Ýöí ÇáÑøóÃúÓö¡ æóÎóãúÓñ Ýöí ÇáúÌóÓóÏö ÝóÃóãøóÇ ÇáøóÊöí Ýöí ÇáÑøóÃúÓöº ÞóÕøõ ÇáÔøóÇÑöÈö¡ æóÇáúãóÖúãóÖóÉõ¡ æóÇáÓøöæóÇßõ¡ æóÇáöÇÓúÊöäúÔóÇÞõ¡ æóÝóÑúÞõ

(1/396)


ÇáÑøóÃúÓö. æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáøóÊöí Ýöí ÇáúÌóÓóÏöº ÊóÞúáöíãõ ÇáúÃóÙúÝóÇÑö¡ æóÍóáúÞõ ÇáúÚóÇäóÉö¡ æóÇáúÎöÊóÇäõ¡ æóäóÊúÝõ ÇáúÅöÈöØö¡ æóÛóÓúáõ ÃóËóÑö ÇáúÛóÇÆöØö æóÇáúÈóæúáö ÈöÇáúãóÇÁö. ÑóæóÇåõ ÇÈúäõ ÃóÈöí ÍóÇÊöãò. æóÞóÇáó: æóÑõæöíó Úóäú ÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÇáúãõÓóíøóÈö¡ æóãõÌóÇåöÏò¡ æóÇáÔøóÚúÈöíøö¡ æóÇáäøóÎóÚöíøö¡ æóÃóÈöí ÕóÇáöÍò¡ æóÃóÈöí ÇáúÌóáúÏö äóÍúæõ Ðóáößó. ÞõáúÊõ: æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó¡ Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÇáó: «ÇáúÝöØúÑóÉõ ÎóãúÓñº ÇáúÎöÊóÇäõ¡ æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÍúÏóÇÏõ¡ æóÞóÕøõ ÇáÔøóÇÑöÈö¡ æóÊóÞúáöíãõ ÇáúÃóÙúÝóÇÑö¡ æóäóÊúÝõ ÇáúÅöÈöØö» . æóÝöí ÕóÍöíÍö ãõÓúáöãò¡ æóÃóåúáö ÇáÓøõäóäö ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö æóßöíÚò¡ Úóäú ÒóßóÑöíøóÇ Èúäö ÃóÈöí ÒóÇÆöÏóÉó¡ Úóäú ãõÕúÚóÈö Èúäö ÔóíúÈóÉó ÇáúÚóÈúÏóÑöíøö Çáúãóßøöíøö ÇáúÍóÌóÈöíøö¡ Úóäú ØóáúÞö Èúäö ÍóÈöíÈò ÇáúÚóäóÒöíøö¡ Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÇáÒøõÈóíúÑö¡ Úóäú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ÞóÇáóÊú: ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «ÚóÔúÑñ ãöäó ÇáúÝöØúÑóÉöº ÞóÕøõ ÇáÔøóÇÑöÈö¡ æóÅöÚúÝóÇÁõ ÇááøöÍúíóÉö¡ æóÇáÓøöæóÇßõ¡ æóÇÓúÊöäúÔóÇÞõ ÇáúãóÇÁö¡ æóÞóÕøõ ÇáúÃóÙúÝóÇÑö¡ æóÛóÓúáõ ÇáúÈóÑóÇÌöãö¡ æóäóÊúÝõ ÇáúÅöÈöØö¡ æóÍóáúÞõ ÇáúÚóÇäóÉö¡ æóÇäúÊöÞóÇÕõ ÇáúãóÇÁö íóÚúäöí ÇáöÇÓúÊöäúÌóÇÁó» . æóÓóíóÃúÊöí Ýöí ÐößúÑö ãöÞúÏóÇÑö ÚõãõÑöåö ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úóáóì ÇáúÎöÊóÇäö¡ æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ Ãóäøóåõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ßóÇäó áóÇ íóÔúÛóáõåõ ÇáúÞöíóÇãõ ÈöÇáúÅöÎúáóÇÕö áöáøóåö ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó¡ æóÎõÔõæÚõ ÇáúÚöÈóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÚóÙöíãóÉö Úóäú ãõÑóÇÚóÇÉö ãóÕúáóÍóÉö ÈóÏóäöåö¡ æóÅöÚúØóÇÁö ßõáøö ÚõÖúæò ãóÇ íóÓúÊóÍöÞøõåõ ãöäó ÇáúÅöÕúáóÇÍö æóÇáÊøóÍúÓöíäö¡ æóÅöÒóÇáóÉö ãóÇ

(1/397)


íóÔöíäõ ãöäú ÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÔóÚúÑò Ãóæú ÙõÝõÑò¡ Ãóæú æõÌõæÏö ÞóáóÍò Ãóæú æóÓóÎò¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ãöäú ÌõãúáóÉö Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÍóÞøöåö ãöäó ÇáúãóÏúÍö ÇáúÚóÙöíãö {æóÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÇáøóÐöí æóÝøóì} [ÇáäÌã: 37] .

(1/398)


[ÐößúÑõ ÞóÕúÑöåö Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö]
ÞóÇáó ÇáúÍóÇÝöÙõ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÇáúÈóÒøóÇÑõ: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÃóÍúãóÏõ Èúäõ ÓöäóÇäò ÇáúÞóØøóÇäõ ÇáúæóÇÓöØöíøõ¡ æóãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ãõæÓóì ÇáúÞóØøóÇäõ¡ ÞóÇáóÇ: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ íóÒöíÏõ Èúäõ åóÇÑõæäó¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÍóãøóÇÏõ Èúäõ ÓóáóãóÉó¡ Úóäú ÓöãóÇßò¡ Úóäú ÚößúÑöãóÉó¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó ÞóÇáó: ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «Åöäøó Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ÞóÕúÑðÇ ÃóÍúÓóÈõåõ ÞóÇáó: ãöäú áõÄúáõÄóÉò áóíúÓó Ýöíåö ÝóÕúãñ æóáóÇ æóåúäñ¡ ÃóÚóÏøóåõ Çááøóåõ áöÎóáöíáöåö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ äõÒõáðÇ» . ÞóÇáó ÇáúÈóÒøóÇÑõ: æóÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÃóÍúãóÏõ Èúäõ Ìóãöíáò ÇáúãóÑúæóÒöíøõ¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÇáäøóÖúÑõ Èúäõ Ôõãóíúáò¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÍóãøóÇÏõ Èúäõ ÓóáóãóÉó¡ Úóäú ÓöãóÇßò¡ Úóäú ÚößúÑöãóÉó¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó¡ Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÈöäóÍúæöåö. Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó: æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ áóÇ äóÚúáóãõ ÑóæóÇåõ Úóäú ÍóãøóÇÏö Èúäö ÓóáóãóÉó ÝóÃóÓúäóÏóåõ ÅöáøóÇ íóÒöíÏõ Èúäõ åóÇÑõæäó¡ æóÇáäøóÖúÑõ Èúäõ Ôõãóíúáò¡ æóÛóíúÑõåõãóÇ íóÑúæöíåö ãóæúÞõæÝðÇ ÞõáúÊõ: áóæúáóÇ åóÐöåö ÇáúÚöáøóÉõ áóßóÇäó Úóáóì ÔóÑúØö ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö¡ æóáóãú íõÎóÑøöÌõæåõ.

(1/399)


[ÐößúÑõ ÕöÝóÉö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ]
ÞóÇáó ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ íõæäõÓõ¡ æóÍõÌóíúäñ ÞóÇáóÇ: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÇááøóíúËõ¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÇáÒøõÈóíúÑö¡ Úóäú ÌóÇÈöÑò¡ Úóäú ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: «ÚõÑöÖó Úóáóíøó ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁõº ÝóÅöÐóÇ ãõæÓóì ÖóÑúÈñ ãöäó ÇáÑøöÌóÇáö ßóÃóäøóåõ ãöäú ÑöÌóÇáö ÔóäõæÁóÉó¡ æóÑóÃóíúÊõ ÚöíÓóì ÇÈúäó ãóÑúíóãó ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÃóÞúÑóÈõ ãóäú ÑóÃóíúÊõ Èöåö ÔóÈóåðÇ ÚõÑúæóÉõ Èúäõ ãóÓúÚõæÏò¡ æóÑóÃóíúÊõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÃóÞúÑóÈõ ãóäú ÑóÃóíúÊõ Èöåö ÔóÈóåðÇ ÕóÇÍöÈõßõãú íóÚúäöí äóÝúÓóåõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ æóÑóÃóíúÊõ ÌöÈúÑöíáó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÃóÞúÑóÈõ ãóäú ÑóÃóíúÊõ Èöåö ÔóÈóåðÇ ÏöÍúíóÉõ» . ÊóÝóÑøóÏó Èöåö ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÌúåö¡ æóÈöåóÐóÇ ÇááøóÝúÙö. æóÞóÇáó ÃóÍúãóÏõ: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÃóÓúæóÏõ Èúäõ ÚóÇãöÑò¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáõ¡ Úóäú ÚõËúãóÇäó íóÚúäöí ÇÈúäó ÇáúãõÛöíÑóÉö¡ Úóäú ãõÌóÇåöÏò¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò ÞóÇáó: ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «ÑóÃóíúÊõ ÚöíÓóì ÇÈúäó ãóÑúíóãó¡ æóãõæÓóì¡ æóÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãóº ÝóÃóãøóÇ ÚöíÓóì ÝóÃóÍúãóÑõ ÌóÚúÏñ ÚóÑöíÖõ ÇáÕøóÏúÑö¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ãõæÓóì ÝóÂÏóãõ ÌóÓöíãñ» . ÞóÇáõæÇ áóåõ: ÝóÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ¿ ÞóÇáó: «ÇäúÙõÑõæÇ Åöáóì ÕóÇÍöÈößõãú» . íóÚúäöí äóÝúÓóåõ.
æóÞóÇáó ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÈóíóÇäõ Èúäõ ÚóãúÑòæ¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÇáäøóÖúÑõ¡ ÃóäúÈóÃóäóÇ ÇÈúäõ Úóæúäò¡ Úóäú ãõÌóÇåöÏñ Ãóäøóåõ ÓóãöÚó ÇÈúäó ÚóÈøóÇÓò æóÐóßóÑõæÇ áóåõ ÇáÏøóÌøóÇáó Èóíúäó Úóíúäóíúåö ãóßúÊõæÈñ: ßóÇÝöÑñ Ãóæú ß Ý Ñ ÝóÞóÇáó: áóãú ÃóÓúãóÚúåõ. æóáóßöäøóåõ ÞóÇáó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «ÃóãøóÇ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÝóÇäúÙõÑõæÇ Åöáóì ÕóÇÍöÈößõãú¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ãõæÓóì ÝóÌóÚúÏñ ÂÏóãõ Úóáóì Ìóãóáò ÃóÍúãóÑó ãóÎúØõæãò

(1/400)


ÈöÎõáúÈóÉò¡ ßóÃóäøöí ÃóäúÙõÑõ Åöáóíúåö ÇäúÍóÏóÑó Ýöí ÇáúæóÇÏöí» . æóåóßóÐóÇ ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ ÃóíúÖðÇ Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈö ÇáúÍóÌøö¡ æóÝöí ÇááøöÈóÇÓö¡ æóãõÓúáöãñ ÌóãöíÚðÇ¡ Úóäú ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö ÇáúãõËóäøóì¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÃóÈöí ÚóÏöíøò¡ Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö Úóæúäò Èöåö.

(1/401)


[ÐößúÑõ æóÝóÇÉö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÇáúÎóáöíáö Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ æóãóÇ Þöíáó Ýöí ÚõãõÑöåö]
ÐóßóÑó ÇÈúäõ ÌóÑöíÑò Ýöí ÊóÇÑöíÎöåö Ãóäøó ãóæúáöÏóåõ ßóÇäó Ýöí Òóãóäö ÇáäøõãúÑõæÏö Èúäö ßóäúÚóÇäó æóåõæó ÝöíãóÇ Þöíáó ÇáÖøóÍøóÇßõ Çáúãóáößõ ÇáúãóÔúåõæÑõ ÇáøóÐöí íõÞóÇáõ: Åöäøóåõ ãóáóßó ÃóáúÝó ÓóäóÉò æóßóÇäó Ýöí ÛóÇíóÉö ÇáúÛóÔóãö æóÇáÙøõáúãö¡ æóÐóßóÑó ÈóÚúÖõåõãú Ãóäøóåõ ãöäú Èóäöí ÑóÇÓöÈò ÇáøóÐöíäó ÈõÚöËó Åöáóíúåöãú äõæÍñ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ßóÇäó ÅöÐú ÐóÇßó ãóáößó ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ¡ æóÐóßóÑõæÇ Ãóäøóåõ ØóáóÚó äóÌúãñ ÃóÎúÝóì ÖóæúÁó ÇáÔøóãúÓö æóÇáúÞóãóÑö¡ ÝóåóÇáó Ðóáößó Ãóåúáó Ðóáößó ÇáÒøóãóÇäö¡ æóÝóÒöÛó ÇáäøõãúÑõæÏõ ÝóÌóãóÚó ÇáúßóåóäóÉó æóÇáúãõäóÌøöãöíäó æóÓóÃóáóåõãú Úóäú Ðóáößó ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ: íõæáóÏõ ãóæúáõæÏñ Ýöí ÑóÚöíøóÊößó íóßõæäõ ÒóæóÇáõ ãõáúßößó Úóáóì íóÏóíúåö¡ ÝóÃóãóÑó ÚöäúÏó Ðóáößó ÈöãóäúÚö ÇáÑøöÌóÇáö Úóäö ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö æóÃóäú íõÞúÊóáó ÇáúãóæúáõæÏõæäó ãöäú Ðóáößó ÇáúÍöíäö¡ ÝóßóÇäó ãóæúáöÏõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÇáúÎóáöíáö Ýöí Ðóáößó ÇáúÍöíäö¡ ÝóÍóãóÇåõ Çááøóåõ ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó æóÕóÇäóåõ ãöäú ßóíúÏö ÇáúÝõÌøóÇÑö¡ æóÔóÈøó ÔóÈóÇÈðÇ ÈóÇåöÑðÇ¡ æóÃóäúÈóÊóåõ Çááøóåõ äóÈóÇÊðÇ ÍóÓóäðÇ ÍóÊøóì ßóÇäó ãöäú ÃóãúÑöåö ãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó¡ æóßóÇäó ãóæúáöÏõåõ ÈöÇáÓøõæÓö. æóÞöíáó: ÈöÈóÇÈöáó. æóÞöíáó: ÈöÇáÓøóæóÇÏö ãöäú äóÇÍöíóÉö ßõæËóì. æóÊóÞóÏøóãó Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò Ãóäøóåõ æõáöÏó ÈöÈóÑúÒóÉó ÔóÑúÞöíøó ÏöãóÔúÞó¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ Ãóåúáóßó Çááøóåõ äõãúÑõæÏó Úóáóì íóÏóíúåö¡ æóåóÇÌóÑó Åöáóì ÍóÑøóÇäó¡ Ëõãøó Åöáóì ÃóÑúÖö ÇáÔøóÇãö¡ æóÃóÞóÇãó ÈöÈöáóÇÏö ÅöíáöíóÇ ßóãóÇ ÐóßóÑúäóÇ¡ æóæõáöÏó áóåõ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ æóÅöÓúÍóÇÞõ¡ æóãóÇÊóÊú ÓóÇÑóÉõ ÞóÈúáóåõ ÈöÞóÑúíóÉö ÍóÈúÑõæäó ÇáøóÊöí Ýöí ÃóÑúÖö ßóäúÚóÇäó¡ æóáóåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÚõãõÑö ãöÇÆóÉñ æóÓóÈúÚñ æóÚöÔúÑõæäó ÓóäóÉð ÝöíãóÇ ÐóßóÑó Ãóåúáõ

(1/402)


ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö ÝóÍóÒöäó ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ æóÑóËóÇåóÇ ÑóÍöãóåóÇ Çááøóåõ¡ æóÇÔúÊóÑóì ãöäú ÑóÌõáò ãöäú Èóäöí ÍöíËó íõÞóÇáõ áóåõ: ÚóÝúÑõæäõ Èúäõ ÕóÎúÑò ãóÛóÇÑóÉð ÈöÃóÑúÈóÚöãöÇÆóÉö ãöËúÞóÇáö ÝöÖøóÉò¡ æóÏóÝóäó ÝöíåóÇ ÓóÇÑóÉó åõäóÇáößó. ÞóÇáõæÇ: Ëõãøó ÎóØóÈó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Úóáóì ÇÈúäöåö ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó ÝóÒóæøóÌóåõ ÑöÝúÞóÇ ÈöäúÊó ËóÈúæöíáó Èúäö äóÇÍõæÑó Èúäö ÊóÇÑóÎó æóÈóÚóËó ãóæúáóÇåõ¡ ÝóÍóãóáóåóÇ ãöäú ÈöáóÇÏöåóÇ æóãóÚóåóÇ ãõÑúÖöÚóÊõåóÇ æóÌóæóÇÑöíåóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÅöÈöáö. ÞóÇáõæÇ: Ëõãøó ÊóÒóæøóÌó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÞóäúØõæÑóÇ ÝóæóáóÏóÊú áóåõº ÒóãóÑóÇäó¡ æóíóÞöÔóÇäó¡ æóãóÇÏóÇäó¡ æóãóÏúíóäó¡ æóÔóíóÇÞó¡ æóÔõæÍó¡ æóÐóßóÑõæÇ ãóÇ æóáóÏó ßõáøõ æóÇÍöÏò ãöäú åóÄõáóÇÁö ÃóæúáóÇÏö ÞóäúØõæÑóÇ.
æóÞóÏú Ñóæóì ÇÈúäõ ÚóÓóÇßöÑó Úóäú ÛóíúÑö æóÇÍöÏò ãöäó ÇáÓøóáóÝö Úóäú ÃóÎúÈóÇÑö Ãóåúáö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö Ýöí ÕöÝóÉö ãóÌöíÁö ãóáóßö ÇáúãóæúÊö Åöáóì ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÃóÎúÈóÇÑðÇ ßóËöíÑóÉð Çááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ ÈöÕöÍøóÊöåóÇ. æóÞóÏú Þöíáó: Åöäøóåõ ãóÇÊó ÝóÌúÃóÉð. æóßóÐóÇ ÏóÇæõÏõ æóÓõáóíúãóÇäõ æóÇáøóÐöí ÐóßóÑóåõ Ãóåúáõ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö æóÛóíúÑõåõãú ÎöáóÇÝõ Ðóáößó. ÞóÇáõæÇ: Ëõãøó ãóÑöÖó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ æóãóÇÊó Úóäú ãöÇÆóÉò æóÎóãúÓò æóÓóÈúÚöíäó. æóÏõÝöäó Ýöí ÇáúãóÛóÇÑóÉö ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑóÉö ÚöäúÏó ÇãúÑóÃóÊöåö ÓóÇÑóÉó ÇáøóÊöí Ýöí ãóÒúÑóÚóÉö ÚóÝúÑõæäó ÇáúÍöíËöíøö¡ æóÊóæóáøóì ÏóÝúäóåõ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ æóÅöÓúÍóÇÞõ ÕóáóæóÇÊõ Çááøóåö æóÓóáóÇãõåõ Úóáóíúåöãú ÃóÌúãóÚöíäó.
æóÞóÏú æóÑóÏó ãóÇ íóÏõáøõ Ãóäøóåõ ÚóÇÔó ãöÇÆóÊóíú ÓóäóÉò¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáóåõ ÇÈúäõ ÇáúßóáúÈöíøö. æóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÍóÇÊöãö Èúäõ ÍöÈøóÇäó Ýöí ÕóÍöíÍöåö: ÃóäúÈóÃóäóÇ ÇáúãõÝóÖøóáõ Èúäõ ãõÍóãøóÏò ÇáúÌóäóÏöíøõ

(1/403)


ÈöãóßøóÉó¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ Úóáöíøõ Èúäõ ÒöíóÇÏò ÇááøóÍúÌöíøõ¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÃóÈõæ ÞõÑøóÉó Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÌõÑóíúÌò¡ Úóäú íóÍúíóì Èúäö ÓóÚöíÏò¡ Úóäú ÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÇáúãõÓóíøóÈö¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÇáó: «ÇÎúÊóÊóäó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÈöÇáúÞóÏõæãö¡ æóåõæó ÇÈúäõ ÚöÔúÑöíäó æóãöÇÆóÉö ÓóäóÉò¡ æóÚóÇÔó ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó ËóãóÇäöíäó ÓóäóÉð» . æóÞóÏú ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáúÍóÇÝöÙõ ÇÈúäõ ÚóÓóÇßöÑó ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ÚößúÑöãóÉó Èúäö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó¡ æóÌóÚúÝóÑö Èúäö Úóæúäò ÇáúÚóãúÑöíøö¡ Úóäú íóÍúíóì Èúäö ÓóÚöíÏò¡ Úóäú ÓóÚöíÏò¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó ãóæúÞõæÝðÇ.
Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÍöÈøóÇäó: ÐößúÑõ ÇáúÎóÈóÑö ÇáúãõÏúÍöÖö Þóæúáó ãóäú ÒóÚóãó Ãóäøó ÑóÝóÚó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÎóÈóÑö æóåúãñ¡ ÃóÎúÈóÑóäóÇ ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÇáúÌõäóíúÏö ÈöÈõÓúÊó¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÞõÊóíúÈóÉõ Èúäõ ÓóÚöíÏò¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÇááøóíúËõ¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÌúáóÇäó¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöíåö¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó¡ Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÇáó: «ÇÎúÊóÊóäó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Íöíäó ÈóáóÛó ãöÇÆóÉð æóÚöÔúÑöíäó ÓóäóÉð¡ æóÚóÇÔó ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó ËóãóÇäöíäó ÓóäóÉð¡ æóÇÎúÊóÊóäó ÈöÞóÏõæãò» . æóÞóÏú ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáúÍóÇÝöÙõ ÇÈúäõ ÚóÓóÇßöÑó ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö íóÍúíóì Èúäö ÓóÚöíÏò¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÌúáóÇäó¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöíåö¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó¡ Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «æóÞóÏú ÃóÊóÊú Úóáóíúåö ËóãóÇäõæäó ÓóäóÉð» . Ëõãøó Ñóæóì ÇÈúäõ ÍöÈøóÇäó¡ Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÒøóÇÞö Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: ÇáúÞóÏõæãõ ÇÓúãõ ÇáúÞóÑúíóÉö. ÞõáúÊõ: ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö Ãóäøóåõ ÇÎúÊóÊóäó æóÞóÏú ÃóÊóÊú Úóáóíúåö ËóãóÇäõæäó ÓóäóÉð¡ æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò «æóåõæó ÇÈúäõ ËóãóÇäöíäó ÓóäóÉð» . æóáóíúÓó ÝöíåöãóÇ ÊóÚóÑøõÖñ áöãóÇ ÚóÇÔó ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó¡ æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ.

(1/404)


æóÞóÇáó ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó ÇáúÍóÓøóÇäöíøõ ÇáúæóÇÓöØöíøõ ÑóÇæöí ÊóÝúÓöíÑö æóßöíÚò Úóäúåõ ÝöíãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ ãöäó ÇáÒøöíóÇÏóÇÊö¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÃóÈõæ ãõÚóÇæöíóÉó¡ Úóäú íóÍúíóì Èúäö ÓóÚöíÏò¡ Úóäú ÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÇáúãõÓóíøóÈö¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó ÞóÇáó: ßóÇäó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Ãóæøóáó ãóäú ÊóÓóÑúæóáó¡ æóÃóæøóáó ãóäú ÝóÑóÞó¡ æóÃóæøóáó ãóäö ÇÓúÊóÍóÏøó¡ æóÃóæøóáó ãóäö ÇÎúÊóÊóäó ÈöÇáúÞóÏõæãö æóåõæó ÇÈúäõ ÚöÔúÑöíäó æóãöÇÆóÉö ÓóäóÉò æóÚóÇÔó ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó ËóãóÇäöíäó ÓóäóÉð¡ æóÃóæøóáó ãóäú ÞóÑóì ÇáÖøóíúÝó¡ æóÃóæøóáó ãóäú ÔóÇÈó. åóßóÐóÇ ÑóæóÇåõ ãóæúÞõæÝðÇ¡ æóåõæó ÃóÔúÈóåõ ÈöÇáúãóÑúÝõæÚö ÎöáóÇÝðÇ áöÇÈúäö ÍöÈøóÇäó¡ æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ.
æóÞóÇáó ãóÇáößñ: Úóäú íóÍúíóì Èúäö ÓóÚöíÏò¡ Úóäú ÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÇáúãõÓóíøóÈö ÞóÇáó: ßóÇäó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Ãóæøóáó ãóäú ÃóÖóÇÝó ÇáÖøóíúÝó¡ æóÃóæøóáó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÇÎúÊóÊóäó¡ æóÃóæøóáó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÞóÕøó ÔóÇÑöÈóåõ¡ æóÃóæøóáó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÑóÃóì ÇáÔøóíúÈó¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: íóÇ ÑóÈøö ãóÇ åóÐóÇ¿ ÝóÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ: æóÞóÇÑñ. ÝóÞóÇáó: íóÇ ÑóÈøö ÒöÏúäöí æóÞóÇÑðÇ. æóÒóÇÏó ÛóíúÑõåõãóÇ: æóÃóæøóáó ãóäú ÞóÕøó ÔóÇÑöÈóåõ¡ æóÃóæøóáó ãóäö ÇÓúÊóÍóÏøó¡ æóÃóæøóáó ãóäú áóÈöÓó ÇáÓøóÑóÇæöíáó¡ ÝóÞóÈúÑõåõ æóÞóÈúÑõ æóáóÏöåö ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó æóÞóÈúÑõ æóáóÏö æóáóÏöåö íóÚúÞõæÈó Ýöí ÇáúãóÑúÈóÚóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÈóäóÇåóÇ ÓõáóíúãóÇäõ Èúäõ ÏóÇæõÏó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÈöÈóáóÏö ÍóÈúÑõæäó¡ æóåõæó ÇáúÈóáóÏõ ÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝõ ÈöÇáúÎóáöíáö Çáúíóæúãó. æóåóÐóÇ ãõÊóáóÞøðì ÈöÇáÊøóæóÇÊõÑö ÃõãøóÉð ÈóÚúÏó ÃõãøóÉò¡ æóÌöíáðÇ ÈóÚúÏó Ìöíáò ãöäú Òóãóäö Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó¡ æóÅöáóì ÒóãóÇäöäóÇ åóÐóÇ Ãóäøó ÞóÈúÑóåõ ÈöÇáúãóÑúÈóÚóÉö ÊóÍúÞöíÞðÇ. ÝóÃóãøóÇ ÊóÚúíöíäõåõ ãöäúåóÇ ÝóáóíúÓó Ýöíåö ÎóÈóÑñ ÕóÍöíÍñ Úóäú ãóÚúÕõæãò¡ ÝóíóäúÈóÛöí Ãóäú ÊõÑóÇÚóì Êöáúßó ÇáúãóÍóáøóÉõ¡ æóÃóäú ÊõÍúÊóÑóãó ÇÍúÊöÑóÇãó ãöËúáöåóÇ¡ æóÃóäú

(1/405)


ÊõÈóÌøóáó¡ æóÃóäú ÊõÌóáøó Ãóäú íõÏóÇÓó Ýöí ÃóÑúÌóÇÆöåóÇ ÎóÔúíóÉó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÞóÈúÑõ ÇáúÎóáöíáö Ãóæú ÃóÍóÏò ãöäú ÃóæúáóÇÏöåö ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÊóÍúÊóåóÇ. æóÑóæóì ÇÈúäõ ÚóÓóÇßöÑó ÈöÓóäóÏöåö Åöáóì æóåúÈö Èúäö ãõäóÈøöåò ÞóÇáó: æõÌöÏó ÚöäúÏó ÞóÈúÑö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÇáúÎóáöíáö Úóáóì ÍóÌóÑò ßöÊóÇÈóÉñ ÎóáöÞóÉñ:
Ãóáúåóì ÌóåõæáðÇ Ãóãóáõåú ... íóãõæÊõ ãóäú ÌóÇ ÃóÌóáõåú
æóãóäú ÏóäóÇ ãöäú ÍóÊúÝöåú ... áóãú ÊõÛúäö Úóäúåõ Íöíóáõåú
æóßóíúÝó íóÈúÞóì ÂÎöÑõåú ... ãóäú ãóÇÊó Úóäúåõ Ãóæøóáõåú
æóÇáúãóÑúÁõ áóÇ íóÕúÍóÈõåú ... Ýöí ÇáúÞóÈúÑö ÅöáøóÇ Úóãóáõåú

(1/406)


[ÐößúÑõ ÃóæúáóÇÏö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÇáúÎóáöíáö Úóáóíúåö æóÚóáóíúåöãõ ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ]
Ãóæøóáõ ãóäú æõáöÏó áóåõ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáõ ãöäú åóÇÌóÑó ÇáúÞöÈúØöíøóÉö ÇáúãöÕúÑöíøóÉö¡ Ëõãøó æõáöÏó áóåõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞõ ãöäú ÓóÇÑóÉó ÈöäúÊö Úóãøö ÇáúÎóáöíáö¡ Ëõãøó ÊóÒóæøóÌó ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ ÞóäúØõæÑóÇ ÈöäúÊó íóÞúØõäó ÇáúßóäúÚóÇäöíøóÉó ÝóæóáóÏóÊú áóåõ ÓöÊøóÉðº ãóÏúíóäó¡ æóÒóãóÑóÇäó¡ æóÓóÑóÌó¡ æóíóÞöÔóÇäó¡ æóäóÔóÞó¡ æóáóãú íõÓóãøó ÇáÓøóÇÏöÓõ. Ëõãøó ÊóÒóæøóÌó ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ ÍóÌõæäó ÈöäúÊó Ãóãöíäó ÝóæóáóÏóÊú áóåõ ÎóãúÓóÉðº ßóíúÓóÇäó¡ æóÓõæÑóÌó¡ æóÃóãöíãó¡ æóáõæØóÇäó¡ æóäóÇÝóÓó. åóßóÐóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ ÃóÈõæ ÇáúÞóÇÓöãö ÇáÓøõåóíúáöíøõ Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈöåö " ÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÝõ æóÇáúÅöÚúáóÇãõ ".

(1/407)


[ÞöÕøóÉõ Þóæúãö áõæØò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ æóãóÇ Íóáøó Èöåöãú ãöäó ÇáäøöÞúãóÉö ÇáúÚóãöíãóÉö]
æóãöãøóÇ æóÞóÚó Ýöí ÍóíóÇÉö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÇáúÎóáöíáö ãöäó ÇáúÃõãõæÑö ÇáúÚóÙöíãóÉö ÞöÕøóÉõ Þóæúãö áõæØò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ æóãóÇ Íóáøó Èöåöãú ãöäó ÇáäøöÞúãóÉö ÇáúÚóãöíãóÉö
æóÐóáößó Ãóäøó áõæØðÇ ÇÈúäõ åóÇÑóÇäó Èúäö ÊóÇÑóÍó¡ æóåõæó ÂÒóÑõ¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó æóáõæØñ ÇÈúäõ ÃóÎöí ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÇáúÎóáöíáö ÝóÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ æóåóÇÑóÇäõ æóäóÇÍõæÑõ ÅöÎúæóÉñ ßóãóÇ ÞóÏøóãúäóÇ¡ æóíõÞóÇáõ: Åöäøó åóÇÑóÇäó åóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáøóÐöí Èóäóì ÍóÑøóÇäó¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÖóÚöíÝñ áöãõÎóÇáóÝóÊöåö ãóÇ ÈöÃóíúÏöí Ãóåúáö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö¡ æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ. æóßóÇäó áõæØñ ÞóÏú äóÒóÍó Úóäú ãóÍóáøóÉö Úóãøöåö ÇáúÎóáöíáö ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÈöÃóãúÑöåö áóåõ æóÅöÐúäöåö¡ ÝóäóÒóáó ÈöãóÏöíäóÉö ÓóÏõæãó ãöäú ÃóÑúÖö ÛóæúÑö ÒõÛóÑó¡ æóßóÇäóÊú Ãõãøó Êöáúßó ÇáúãóÍóáøóÉö æóáóåóÇ ÃóÑúÖñ æóãõÚúãóáóÇÊñ æóÞõÑðì ãõÖóÇÝóÉñ ÅöáóíúåóÇ¡ æóáóåóÇ Ãóåúáñ ãöäú ÃóÝúÌóÑö ÇáäøóÇÓö æóÃóßúÝóÑöåöãú æóÃóÓúæóÆöåöãú ØóæöíøóÉð æóÃóÑúÏóÆöåöãú ÓóÑöíÑóÉð æóÓöíÑóÉð¡ íóÞúØóÚõæäó ÇáÓøóÈöíáó¡ æóíóÃúÊõæäó Ýöí äóÇÏöíåöãõ ÇáúãõäúßóÑó¡ æóáóÇ íóÊóäóÇåóæúäó Úóäú ãõäúßóÑò ÝóÚóáõæåõ¡ áóÈöÆúÓó ãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íóÝúÚóáõæäó ÇÈúÊóÏóÚõæÇ ÝóÇÍöÔóÉð áóãú íóÓúÈöÞúåõãú ÅöáóíúåóÇ ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäú Èóäöí ÂÏóãó æóåöíó ÅöÊúíóÇäõ ÇáÐøõßúÑóÇäö ãöäó ÇáúÚóÇáóãóíúäö¡ æóÊóÑúßõ ãóÇ ÎóáóÞó Çááøóåõ ãöäó ÇáäøöÓúæóÇäö áöÚöÈóÇÏöåö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍöíäó¡ ÝóÏóÚóÇåõãú áõæØñ Åöáóì ÚöÈóÇÏóÉö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÍúÏóåõ áóÇ ÔóÑöíßó áóåõ¡ æóäóåóÇåõãú Úóäú ÊóÚóÇØöí åóÐöåö ÇáúãõÍóÑøóãóÇÊö¡ æóÇáúÝóæóÇÍöÔö ÇáúãõäúßóÑóÇÊö¡ æóÇáúÃóÝóÇÚöíáö ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞúÈóÍóÇÊö ÝóÊóãóÇÏóæúÇ Úóáóì ÖóáóÇáöåöãú æóØõÛúíóÇäöåöãú¡ æóÇÓúÊóãóÑøõæÇ Úóáóì ÝõÌõæÑöåöãú æóßõÝúÑóÇäöåöãú¡ ÝóÃóÍóáøó Çááøóåõ Èöåöãú ãöäó ÇáúÈóÃúÓö ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ íõÑóÏøõ ãóÇ áóãú íóßõäú Ýöí ÎóáóÏöåöãú æóÍõÓúÈóÇäöåöãú¡ æóÌóÚóáóåõãú ãóËõáóÉð Ýöí ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó¡ æóÚöÈúÑóÉð íõÊøóÚöÙõ ÈöåóÇ

(1/408)


ÇáúÃóáöÈøóÇÁõ ãöäó ÇáúÚóÇáöãöíäóº æóáöåóÐóÇ ÐóßóÑó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÞöÕøóÊóåõãú Ýöí ÛóíúÑö ãóÇ ãóæúÖöÚò ãöäú ßöÊóÇÈöåö ÇáúãõÈöíäö ÝóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö: {æóáõæØðÇ ÅöÐú ÞóÇáó áöÞóæúãöåö ÃóÊóÃúÊõæäó ÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉó ãóÇ ÓóÈóÞóßõãú ÈöåóÇ ãöäú ÃóÍóÏò ãöäó ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó} [ÇáÃÚÑÇÝ: 80] {Åöäøóßõãú áóÊóÃúÊõæäó ÇáÑøöÌóÇáó ÔóåúæóÉð ãöäú Ïõæäö ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö Èóáú ÃóäúÊõãú Þóæúãñ ãõÓúÑöÝõæäó - æóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÌóæóÇÈó Þóæúãöåö ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú ÞóÇáõæÇ ÃóÎúÑöÌõæåõãú ãöäú ÞóÑúíóÊößõãú Åöäøóåõãú ÃõäóÇÓñ íóÊóØóåøóÑõæäó - ÝóÃóäúÌóíúäóÇåõ æóÃóåúáóåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÇãúÑóÃóÊóåõ ßóÇäóÊú ãöäó ÇáúÛóÇÈöÑöíäó - æóÃóãúØóÑúäóÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ãóØóÑðÇ ÝóÇäúÙõÑú ßóíúÝó ßóÇäó ÚóÇÞöÈóÉõ ÇáúãõÌúÑöãöíäó} [ÇáÃÚÑÇÝ: 81 - 84]
[ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö: 80 - 84] . æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö åõæÏò:

(1/409)


{æóáóÞóÏú ÌóÇÁóÊú ÑõÓõáõäóÇ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÈöÇáúÈõÔúÑóì ÞóÇáõæÇ ÓóáóÇãðÇ ÞóÇáó ÓóáóÇãñ ÝóãóÇ áóÈöËó Ãóäú ÌóÇÁó ÈöÚöÌúáò ÍóäöíÐò ÝóáóãøóÇ ÑóÃóì ÃóíúÏöíóåõãú áóÇ ÊóÕöáõ Åöáóíúåö äóßöÑóåõãú æóÃóæúÌóÓó ãöäúåõãú ÎöíÝóÉð ÞóÇáõæÇ áóÇ ÊóÎóÝú ÅöäøóÇ ÃõÑúÓöáúäóÇ Åöáóì Þóæúãö áõæØò æóÇãúÑóÃóÊõåõ ÞóÇÆöãóÉñ ÝóÖóÍößóÊú ÝóÈóÔøóÑúäóÇåóÇ ÈöÅöÓúÍóÇÞó æóãöäú æóÑóÇÁö ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó íóÚúÞõæÈó ÞóÇáóÊú íóÇæóíúáóÊóì ÃóÃóáöÏõ æóÃóäóÇ ÚóÌõæÒñ æóåóÐóÇ ÈóÚúáöí ÔóíúÎðÇ Åöäøó åóÐóÇ áóÔóíúÁñ ÚóÌöíÈñ ÞóÇáõæÇ ÃóÊóÚúÌóÈöíäó ãöäú ÃóãúÑö Çááøóåö ÑóÍúãóÉõ Çááøóåö æóÈóÑóßóÇÊõåõ Úóáóíúßõãú Ãóåúáó ÇáúÈóíúÊö Åöäøóåõ ÍóãöíÏñ ãóÌöíÏñ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÐóåóÈó Úóäú ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÇáÑøóæúÚõ æóÌóÇÁóÊúåõ ÇáúÈõÔúÑóì íõÌóÇÏöáõäóÇ Ýöí Þóæúãö áõæØò Åöäøó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó áóÍóáöíãñ ÃóæøóÇåñ ãõäöíÈñ íóÇÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÃóÚúÑöÖú Úóäú åóÐóÇ Åöäøóåõ ÞóÏú ÌóÇÁó ÃóãúÑõ ÑóÈøößó æóÅöäøóåõãú ÂÊöíåöãú ÚóÐóÇÈñ ÛóíúÑõ ãóÑúÏõæÏò æóáóãøóÇ ÌóÇÁóÊú ÑõÓõáõäóÇ áõæØðÇ ÓöíÁó Èöåöãú æóÖóÇÞó Èöåöãú ÐóÑúÚðÇ æóÞóÇáó åóÐóÇ íóæúãñ ÚóÕöíÈñ æóÌóÇÁóåõ Þóæúãõåõ íõåúÑóÚõæäó Åöáóíúåö æóãöäú ÞóÈúáõ ßóÇäõæÇ íóÚúãóáõæäó ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÇÊö ÞóÇáó íóÇÞóæúãö åóÄõáóÇÁö ÈóäóÇÊöí åõäøó ÃóØúåóÑõ áóßõãú ÝóÇÊøóÞõæÇ Çááøóåó æóáóÇ ÊõÎúÒõæäöí Ýöí ÖóíúÝöí ÃóáóíúÓó ãöäúßõãú ÑóÌõáñ ÑóÔöíÏñ ÞóÇáõæÇ áóÞóÏú ÚóáöãúÊó ãóÇ áóäóÇ Ýöí ÈóäóÇÊößó ãöäú ÍóÞøò æóÅöäøóßó áóÊóÚúáóãõ ãóÇ äõÑöíÏõ ÞóÇáó áóæú Ãóäøó áöí Èößõãú ÞõæøóÉð Ãóæú Âæöí Åöáóì Ñõßúäò ÔóÏöíÏò ÞóÇáõæÇ íóÇáõæØõ ÅöäøóÇ ÑõÓõáõ ÑóÈøößó áóäú íóÕöáõæÇ Åöáóíúßó ÝóÃóÓúÑö ÈöÃóåúáößó ÈöÞöØúÚò ãöäó Çááøóíúáö æóáóÇ íóáúÊóÝöÊú ãöäúßõãú ÃóÍóÏñ ÅöáøóÇ ÇãúÑóÃóÊóßó Åöäøóåõ ãõÕöíÈõåóÇ ãóÇ ÃóÕóÇÈóåõãú Åöäøó ãóæúÚöÏóåõãõ ÇáÕøõÈúÍõ ÃóáóíúÓó ÇáÕøõÈúÍõ ÈöÞóÑöíÈò ÝóáóãøóÇ ÌóÇÁó ÃóãúÑõäóÇ ÌóÚóáúäóÇ ÚóÇáöíóåóÇ ÓóÇÝöáóåóÇ æóÃóãúØóÑúäóÇ ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÍöÌóÇÑóÉð ãöäú ÓöÌøöíáò ãóäúÖõæÏò ãõÓóæøóãóÉð ÚöäúÏó ÑóÈøößó æóãóÇ åöíó ãöäó ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó ÈöÈóÚöíÏò} [åæÏ: 69]
[åõæÏò: 69 - 83] .

(1/410)


æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÍöÌúÑö: {æóäóÈøöÆúåõãú Úóäú ÖóíúÝö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó} [ÇáÍÌÑ: 51] ÅöÐú {ÏóÎóáõæÇ Úóáóíúåö ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ ÓóáóÇãðÇ ÞóÇáó ÅöäøóÇ ãöäúßõãú æóÌöáõæäó - ÞóÇáõæÇ áóÇ ÊóæúÌóáú ÅöäøóÇ äõÈóÔøöÑõßó ÈöÛõáóÇãò Úóáöíãò - ÞóÇáó ÃóÈóÔøóÑúÊõãõæäöí Úóáóì Ãóäú ãóÓøóäöíó ÇáúßöÈóÑõ ÝóÈöãó ÊõÈóÔøöÑõæäó - ÞóÇáõæÇ ÈóÔøóÑúäóÇßó ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö ÝóáóÇ Êóßõäú ãöäó ÇáúÞóÇäöØöíäó - ÞóÇáó æóãóäú íóÞúäóØõ ãöäú ÑóÍúãóÉö ÑóÈøöåö ÅöáøóÇ ÇáÖøóÇáøõæäó - ÞóÇáó ÝóãóÇ ÎóØúÈõßõãú ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáúãõÑúÓóáõæäó - ÞóÇáõæÇ ÅöäøóÇ ÃõÑúÓöáúäóÇ Åöáóì Þóæúãò ãõÌúÑöãöíäó - ÅöáøóÇ Âáó áõæØò ÅöäøóÇ áóãõäóÌøõæåõãú ÃóÌúãóÚöíäó - ÅöáøóÇ ÇãúÑóÃóÊóåõ ÞóÏøóÑúäóÇ ÅöäøóåóÇ áóãöäó ÇáúÛóÇÈöÑöíäó} [ÇáÍÌÑ: 52 - 60] {ÝóáóãøóÇ ÌóÇÁó Âáó áõæØò ÇáúãõÑúÓóáõæäó - ÞóÇáó Åöäøóßõãú Þóæúãñ ãõäúßóÑõæäó} [ÇáÍÌÑ: 61 - 62] {ÞóÇáõæÇ Èóáú ÌöÆúäóÇßó ÈöãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ Ýöíåö íóãúÊóÑõæäó - æóÃóÊóíúäóÇßó ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö æóÅöäøóÇ áóÕóÇÏöÞõæäó - ÝóÃóÓúÑö ÈöÃóåúáößó ÈöÞöØúÚò ãöäó Çááøóíúáö æóÇÊøóÈöÚú ÃóÏúÈóÇÑóåõãú æóáóÇ íóáúÊóÝöÊú ãöäúßõãú ÃóÍóÏñ æóÇãúÖõæÇ ÍóíúËõ ÊõÄúãóÑõæäó - æóÞóÖóíúäóÇ Åöáóíúåö Ðóáößó ÇáúÃóãúÑó Ãóäøó ÏóÇÈöÑó åóÄõáóÇÁö ãóÞúØõæÚñ ãõÕúÈöÍöíäó - æóÌóÇÁó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö íóÓúÊóÈúÔöÑõæäó - ÞóÇáó Åöäøó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÖóíúÝöí ÝóáóÇ ÊóÝúÖóÍõæäö - æóÇÊøóÞõæÇ Çááøóåó æóáóÇ ÊõÎúÒõæäö - ÞóÇáõæÇ Ãóæóáóãú äóäúåóßó Úóäö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó - ÞóÇáó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÈóäóÇÊöí Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ÝóÇÚöáöíäó - áóÚóãúÑõßó Åöäøóåõãú áóÝöí ÓóßúÑóÊöåöãú íóÚúãóåõæäó - ÝóÃóÎóÐóÊúåõãõ ÇáÕøóíúÍóÉõ ãõÔúÑöÞöíäó - ÝóÌóÚóáúäóÇ ÚóÇáöíóåóÇ ÓóÇÝöáóåóÇ æóÃóãúØóÑúäóÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ÍöÌóÇÑóÉð ãöäú ÓöÌøöíáò - Åöäøó Ýöí Ðóáößó áóÂíóÇÊò áöáúãõÊóæóÓøöãöíäó - æóÅöäøóåóÇ áóÈöÓóÈöíáò ãõÞöíãò - Åöäøó Ýöí Ðóáößó áóÂíóÉð áöáúãõÄúãöäöíäó} [ÇáÍÌÑ: 63 - 77]
[ÇáúÍöÌúÑö: 51 - 77] . æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáÔøõÚóÑóÇÁö:

(1/410)


{ßóÐøóÈóÊú Þóæúãõ áõæØò ÇáúãõÑúÓóáöíäó - ÅöÐú ÞóÇáó áóåõãú ÃóÎõæåõãú áõæØñ ÃóáóÇ ÊóÊøóÞõæäó} [ÇáÔÚÑÇÁ: 160 - 161] {Åöäøöí áóßõãú ÑóÓõæáñ Ãóãöíäñ - ÝóÇÊøóÞõæÇ Çááøóåó æóÃóØöíÚõæäö - æóãóÇ ÃóÓúÃóáõßõãú Úóáóíúåö ãöäú ÃóÌúÑò Åöäú ÃóÌúÑöíó ÅöáøóÇ Úóáóì ÑóÈøö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó - ÃóÊóÃúÊõæäó ÇáÐøõßúÑóÇäó ãöäó ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó - æóÊóÐóÑõæäó ãóÇ ÎóáóÞó áóßõãú ÑóÈøõßõãú ãöäú ÃóÒúæóÇÌößõãú Èóáú ÃóäúÊõãú Þóæúãñ ÚóÇÏõæäó - ÞóÇáõæÇ áóÆöäú áóãú ÊóäúÊóåö íóÇ áõæØõ áóÊóßõæäóäøó ãöäó ÇáúãõÎúÑóÌöíäó - ÞóÇáó Åöäøöí áöÚóãóáößõãú ãöäó ÇáúÞóÇáöíäó - ÑóÈøö äóÌøöäöí æóÃóåúáöí ãöãøóÇ íóÚúãóáõæäó - ÝóäóÌøóíúäóÇåõ æóÃóåúáóåõ ÃóÌúãóÚöíäó - ÅöáøóÇ ÚóÌõæÒðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÛóÇÈöÑöíäó - Ëõãøó ÏóãøóÑúäóÇ ÇáúÂÎóÑöíäó - æóÃóãúØóÑúäóÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ãóØóÑðÇ ÝóÓóÇÁó ãóØóÑõ ÇáúãõäúÐóÑöíäó - Åöäøó Ýöí Ðóáößó áóÂíóÉð æóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÃóßúËóÑõåõãú ãõÄúãöäöíäó - æóÅöäøó ÑóÈøóßó áóåõæó ÇáúÚóÒöíÒõ ÇáÑøóÍöíãõ} [ÇáÔÚÑÇÁ: 107 - 175]
[ÇáÔøõÚóÑóÇÁö: 160 - 175] .

(1/411)


æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Çáäøóãúáö: {æóáõæØðÇ ÅöÐú ÞóÇáó áöÞóæúãöåö ÃóÊóÃúÊõæäó ÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉó æóÃóäúÊõãú ÊõÈúÕöÑõæäó ÃóÆöäøóßõãú áóÊóÃúÊõæäó ÇáÑøöÌóÇáó ÔóåúæóÉð ãöäú Ïõæäö ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö Èóáú ÃóäúÊõãú Þóæúãñ ÊóÌúåóáõæäó ÝóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÌóæóÇÈó Þóæúãöåö ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú ÞóÇáõæÇ ÃóÎúÑöÌõæÇ Âáó áõæØò ãöäú ÞóÑúíóÊößõãú Åöäøóåõãú ÃõäóÇÓñ íóÊóØóåøóÑõæäó ÝóÃóäúÌóíúäóÇåõ æóÃóåúáóåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÇãúÑóÃóÊóåõ ÞóÏøóÑúäóÇåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÛóÇÈöÑöíäó æóÃóãúØóÑúäóÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ãóØóÑðÇ ÝóÓóÇÁó ãóØóÑõ ÇáúãõäúÐóÑöíäó} [Çáäãá: 54]
[Çáäøóãúáö 54 - 58] . æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÚóäúßóÈõæÊö:

(1/411)


{æóáõæØðÇ ÅöÐú ÞóÇáó áöÞóæúãöåö Åöäøóßõãú áóÊóÃúÊõæäó ÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉó ãóÇ ÓóÈóÞóßõãú ÈöåóÇ ãöäú ÃóÍóÏò ãöäó ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó ÃóÆöäøóßõãú áóÊóÃúÊõæäó ÇáÑøöÌóÇáó æóÊóÞúØóÚõæäó ÇáÓøóÈöíáó æóÊóÃúÊõæäó Ýöí äóÇÏöíßõãõ ÇáúãõäúßóÑó ÝóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÌóæóÇÈó Þóæúãöåö ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú ÞóÇáõæÇ ÇÆúÊöäóÇ ÈöÚóÐóÇÈö Çááøóåö Åöäú ßõäúÊó ãöäó ÇáÕøóÇÏöÞöíäó ÞóÇáó ÑóÈøö ÇäúÕõÑúäöí Úóáóì ÇáúÞóæúãö ÇáúãõÝúÓöÏöíäó æóáóãøóÇ ÌóÇÁóÊú ÑõÓõáõäóÇ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÈöÇáúÈõÔúÑóì ÞóÇáõæÇ ÅöäøóÇ ãõåúáößõæ Ãóåúáö åóÐöåö ÇáúÞóÑúíóÉö Åöäøó ÃóåúáóåóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ ÙóÇáöãöíäó ÞóÇáó Åöäøó ÝöíåóÇ áõæØðÇ ÞóÇáõæÇ äóÍúäõ ÃóÚúáóãõ Èöãóäú ÝöíåóÇ áóäõäóÌøöíóäøóåõ æóÃóåúáóåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÇãúÑóÃóÊóåõ ßóÇäóÊú ãöäó ÇáúÛóÇÈöÑöíäó æóáóãøóÇ Ãóäú ÌóÇÁóÊú ÑõÓõáõäóÇ áõæØðÇ ÓöíÁó Èöåöãú æóÖóÇÞó Èöåöãú ÐóÑúÚðÇ æóÞóÇáõæÇ áóÇ ÊóÎóÝú æóáóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäú ÅöäøóÇ ãõäóÌøõæßó æóÃóåúáóßó ÅöáøóÇ ÇãúÑóÃóÊóßó ßóÇäóÊú ãöäó ÇáúÛóÇÈöÑöíäó ÅöäøóÇ ãõäúÒöáõæäó Úóáóì Ãóåúáö åóÐöåö ÇáúÞóÑúíóÉö ÑöÌúÒðÇ ãöäó ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö ÈöãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íóÝúÓõÞõæäó æóáóÞóÏú ÊóÑóßúäóÇ ãöäúåóÇ ÂíóÉð ÈóíøöäóÉð áöÞóæúãò íóÚúÞöáõæäó} [ÇáÚäßÈæÊ: 28]
[ÇáÕøóÇÝøóÇÊö: 133 - 138] . æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÇáÐøóÇÑöíóÇÊö ÈóÚúÏó ÞöÕøóÉö ÖóíúÝö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó æóÈöÔóÇÑóÊöåöãú ÅöíøóÇåõ ÈöÛõáóÇãò Úóáöíãò: {ÞóÇáó ÝóãóÇ ÎóØúÈõßõãú ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáúãõÑúÓóáõæäó ÞóÇáõæÇ ÅöäøóÇ ÃõÑúÓöáúäóÇ Åöáóì Þóæúãò ãõÌúÑöãöíäó áöäõÑúÓöáó Úóáóíúåöãú ÍöÌóÇÑóÉð ãöäú Øöíäò ãõÓóæøóãóÉð ÚöäúÏó ÑóÈøößó áöáúãõÓúÑöÝöíäó ÝóÃóÎúÑóÌúäóÇ ãóäú ßóÇäó ÝöíåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÝóãóÇ æóÌóÏúäóÇ ÝöíåóÇ ÛóíúÑó ÈóíúÊò ãöäó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó æóÊóÑóßúäóÇ ÝöíåóÇ ÂíóÉð áöáøóÐöíäó íóÎóÇÝõæäó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈó ÇáúÃóáöíãó} [ÇáÐÇÑíÇÊ: 31] {ÅöäøóÇ ÃóÑúÓóáúäóÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ÍóÇÕöÈðÇ ÅöáøóÇ Âáó áõæØò äóÌøóíúäóÇåõãú ÈöÓóÍóÑò - äöÚúãóÉð ãöäú ÚöäúÏöäóÇ ßóÐóáößó äóÌúÒöí ãóäú ÔóßóÑó - æóáóÞóÏú ÃóäúÐóÑóåõãú ÈóØúÔóÊóäóÇ ÝóÊóãóÇÑóæúÇ ÈöÇáäøõÐõÑö - æóáóÞóÏú ÑóÇæóÏõæåõ Úóäú ÖóíúÝöåö ÝóØóãóÓúäóÇ ÃóÚúíõäóåõãú ÝóÐõæÞõæÇ ÚóÐóÇÈöí æóäõÐõÑö - æóáóÞóÏú ÕóÈøóÍóåõãú ÈõßúÑóÉð ÚóÐóÇÈñ ãõÓúÊóÞöÑøñ - ÝóÐõæÞõæÇ ÚóÐóÇÈöí æóäõÐõÑö - æóáóÞóÏú íóÓøóÑúäóÇ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó áöáÐøößúÑö Ýóåóáú ãöäú ãõÏøóßöÑò} [ÇáÞãÑ: 34 - 40]
[ÇáúÞóãóÑö 33 - 40] .

(1/412)


æóÞóÏú ÊóßóáøóãúäóÇ Úóáóì åóÐöåö ÇáúÞöÕóÕö Ýöí ÃóãóÇßöäöåóÇ ãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö Ýöí ÇáÊøóÝúÓöíÑö¡ æóÞóÏú ÐóßóÑó Çááøóåõ áõæØðÇ æóÞóæúãóåõ Ýöí ãóæóÇÖöÚó ÃõÎóÑó ãöäó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö¡ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÐößúÑõåóÇ ãóÚó Þóæúãö äõæÍò æóÚóÇÏò æóËóãõæÏó. æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÇáúÂäó ÅöíÑóÇÏõ ãóÇ ßóÇäó ãöäú ÃóãúÑöåöãú¡ æóãóÇ ÃóÍóáøó Çááøóåõ Èöåöãú¡ ãóÌúãõæÚðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÂíóÇÊö æóÇáúÂËóÇÑö¡ æóÈöÇááøóåö ÇáúãõÓúÊóÚóÇäõ.
æóÐóáößó Ãóäøó áõæØðÇ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ áóãøóÇ ÏóÚóÇåõãú Åöáóì ÚöÈóÇÏóÉö Çááøóåö æóÍúÏóåõ áóÇ ÔóÑöíßó áóåõ¡ æóäóåóÇåõãú Úóäú ÊóÚóÇØöí ãóÇ ÐóßóÑó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõãú ãöäó ÇáúÝóæóÇÍöÔö¡ Ýóáóãú íóÓúÊóÌöíÈõæÇ áóåõ æóáóãú íõÄúãöäõæÇ Èöåö¡ ÍóÊøóì æóáóÇ ÑóÌõáñ æóÇÍöÏñ ãöäúåõãú¡ æóáóãú íóÊúÑõßõæÇ ãóÇ Úóäúåõ äõåõæÇ¡ Èóáö ÇÓúÊóãóÑøõæÇ Úóáóì ÍóÇáöåöãú¡ æóáöãó íóÑúÚóæõæÇ Úóäú Ûóíøöåöãú æóÖóáóÇáöåöãú¡ æóåóãøõæÇ ÈöÅöÎúÑóÇÌö ÑóÓõæáöåöãú ãöäú Èóíúäö ÙóåúÑóÇäóíúåöãú¡ æóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÍóÇÕöáõ ÌóæóÇÈöåöãú Úóäú ÎöØóÇÈöåöãú¡ ÅöÐú ßóÇäõæÇ áóÇ íóÚúÞöáõæäó: ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú ÞóÇáõæÇ {ÃóÎúÑöÌõæÇ Âáó áõæØò ãöäú ÞóÑúíóÊößõãú Åöäøóåõãú ÃõäóÇÓñ íóÊóØóåøóÑõæäó} [Çáäãá: 56] ÝóÌóÚóáõæÇ ÛóÇíóÉó ÇáúãóÏúÍö ÐóãøðÇ íóÞúÊóÖöí ÇáúÅöÎúÑóÇÌó¡ æóãóÇ Íóãóáóåõãú Úóáóì ãóÞóÇáóÊöåöãú åóÐöåö ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÚöäóÇÏõ æóÇááøóÌóÇÌõ¡ ÝóØóåøóÑóåõ Çááøóåõ æóÃóåúáóåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÇãúÑóÃóÊóåõ¡ æóÃóÎúÑóÌóåõãú ãöäúåóÇ ÃóÍúÓóäó ÅöÎúÑóÇÌò¡ æóÊóÑóßóåõãú Ýöí ãóÍóáøóÊöåöãú ÎóÇáöÏöíäó áóßöäú ÈóÚúÏó ãóÇ ÕóíøóÑóåóÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ÈóÍúÑóÉð ãõäúÊöäóÉð ÐóÇÊó ÃóãúæóÇÌò¡ áóßöäøóåóÇ Úóáóíúåöãú Ýöí ÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉö äóÇÑñ ÊóÃóÌøóÌõ æóÍóÑøñ íóÊóæóåøóÌõ¡ æóãóÇÄõåóÇ ãöáúÍñ ÃõÌóÇÌñ¡ æóãóÇ ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÌóæóÇÈóåõãú ÅöáøóÇ áóãøóÇ äóåóÇåõãú Úóäö ÇáØøóÇãøóÉö ÇáúÚõÙúãóì æóÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉö ÇáúßõÈúÑóì ÇáøóÊöí áóãú íóÓúÈöÞúåõãú ÅöáóíúåóÇ ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáÏøõäúíóǺ æóáöåóÐóÇ ÕóÇÑõæÇ ãóËõáóÉð ÝöíåóÇ¡ æóÚöÈúÑóÉð áöãóäú ÚóáóíúåóÇ¡ æóßóÇäõæÇ ãóÚó Ðóáößó íóÞúØóÚõæäó ÇáØøóÑöíÞó¡ æóíóÎõæäõæäó ÇáÑøóÝöíÞó¡ æóíóÃúÊõæäó Ýöí äóÇÏöíåöãú æóåõæó ãõÌúÊóãóÚõåõãú æóãóÍóáøõ ÍóÏöíËöåöãú æóÓóãóÑöåöãõ ÇáúãõäúßóÑó ãöäó ÇáúÃóÞúæóÇáö¡ æóÇáúÃóÝúÚóÇáö Úóáóì ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÃóÕúäóÇÝöåö ÍóÊøóì Þöíáó: Åöäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ íóÊóÖóÇÑóØõæäó Ýöí ãóÌóÇáöÓöåöãú æóáóÇ íóÓúÊóÍúíõæäó ãöäú ãõÌóÇáöÓöåöãú¡ æóÑõÈøóãóÇ æóÞóÚó ãöäúåõãõ ÇáúÝóÚúáóÉõ ÇáúÚóÙöíãóÉõ Ýöí ÇáúãóÍóÇÝöáö æóáóÇ

(1/413)


íóÓúÊóäúßöÝõæäó¡ æóáóÇ íóÑúÚóæõæäó áöæóÚúÙö æóÇÚöÙò¡ æóáóÇ äóÕöíÍóÉò ãöäú äóÇÞöáò¡ æóßóÇäõæÇ Ýöí Ðóáößó æóÛóíúÑöåö ßóÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö Èóáú ÃóÖóáøõ ÓóÈöíáðÇ¡ æóáóãú íõÞúáöÚõæÇ ÚóãøóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ Úóáóíúåö Ýöí ÇáúÍóÇÖöÑö¡ æóáóÇ äóÏöãõæÇ Úóáóì ãóÇ ÓóáóÝó ãöäó ÇáúãóÇÖöí¡ æóáóÇ ÑóÇãõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞúÈóáö ÊóÍúæöíáðÇ¡ ÝóÃóÎóÐóåõãõ Çááøóåõ ÃóÎóÐðÇ æóÈöíáðÇ¡ æóÞóÇáõæÇ áóåõ ÝöíãóÇ ÞóÇáõæÇ: {ÇÆúÊöäóÇ ÈöÚóÐóÇÈö Çááøóåö Åöäú ßõäúÊó ãöäó ÇáÕøóÇÏöÞöíäó} [ÇáÚäßÈæÊ: 29] . ÝóØóáóÈõæÇ ãöäúåõ æõÞõæÚó ãóÇ ÍóÐøóÑóåõãú Úóäúåõ ãöäó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö ÇáúÃóáöíãö¡ æóÍõáõæáö ÇáúÈóÃúÓö ÇáúÚóÙöíãö ÝóÚöäúÏó Ðóáößó ÏóÚóÇ Úóáóíúåöãú äóÈöíøõåõãõ ÇáúßóÑöíãõ ÝóÓóÃóáó ãöäú ÑóÈøö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó æóÅöáóåö ÇáúãõÑúÓóáöíäó Ãóäú íóäúÕõÑóåõ Úóáóì ÇáúÞóæúãö ÇáúãõÝúÓöÏöíäó ÝóÛóÇÑó Çááøóåõ áöÛóíúÑóÊöåö¡ æóÛóÖöÈó áöÛóÖúÈóÊöåö¡ æóÇÓúÊóÌóÇÈó áöÏóÚúæóÊöåö¡ æóÃóÌóÇÈóåõ Åöáóì ØöáúÈóÊöåö¡ æóÈóÚóËó ÑõÓõáóåõ ÇáúßöÑóÇãó¡ æóãóáóÇÆößóÊóåõ ÇáúÚöÙóÇãó ÝóãóÑøõæÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÎóáöíáö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó¡ æóÈóÔøóÑõæåõ ÈöÇáúÛõáóÇãö ÇáúÚóáöíãö¡ æóÃóÎúÈóÑõæåõ ÈöãóÇ ÌóÇÁõæÇ áóåõ ãöäó ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÇáúÌóÓöíãö¡ æóÇáúÎóØúÈö ÇáúÚóãöíãö {ÞóÇáó ÝóãóÇ ÎóØúÈõßõãú ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáúãõÑúÓóáõæäó ÞóÇáõæÇ ÅöäøóÇ ÃõÑúÓöáúäóÇ Åöáóì Þóæúãò ãõÌúÑöãöíäó áöäõÑúÓöáó Úóáóíúåöãú ÍöÌóÇÑóÉð ãöäú Øöíäò ãõÓóæøóãóÉð ÚöäúÏó ÑóÈøößó áöáúãõÓúÑöÝöíäó} [ÇáÐÇÑíÇÊ: 31] . æóÞóÇáó: {æóáóãøóÇ ÌóÇÁóÊú ÑõÓõáõäóÇ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÈöÇáúÈõÔúÑóì ÞóÇáõæÇ ÅöäøóÇ ãõåúáößõæ Ãóåúáö åóÐöåö ÇáúÞóÑúíóÉö Åöäøó ÃóåúáóåóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ ÙóÇáöãöíäó ÞóÇáó Åöäøó ÝöíåóÇ áõæØðÇ ÞóÇáõæÇ äóÍúäõ ÃóÚúáóãõ Èöãóäú ÝöíåóÇ áóäõäóÌøöíóäøóåõ æóÃóåúáóåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÇãúÑóÃóÊóåõ ßóÇäóÊú ãöäó ÇáúÛóÇÈöÑöíäó} [ÇáÚäßÈæÊ: 31] . æóÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóáóãøóÇ ÐóåóÈó Úóäú ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÇáÑøóæúÚõ æóÌóÇÁóÊúåõ ÇáúÈõÔúÑóì íõÌóÇÏöáõäóÇ Ýöí Þóæúãö áõæØò} [åæÏ: 74] . æóÐóáößó Ãóäøóåõ ßóÇäó íóÑúÌõæ Ãóäú íõäöíÈõæÇ æóíõÓúáöãõæÇ æóíõÞúáöÚõæÇ æóíóÑúÌöÚõæÇº æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Åöäøó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó áóÍóáöíãñ ÃóæøóÇåñ ãõäöíÈñ íóÇ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÃóÚúÑöÖú Úóäú åóÐóÇ Åöäøóåõ ÞóÏú ÌóÇÁó ÃóãúÑõ ÑóÈøößó æóÅöäøóåõãú ÂÊöíåöãú ÚóÐóÇÈñ ÛóíúÑõ ãóÑúÏõæÏò} [åæÏ: 75] . Ãóíú ÃóÚúÑöÖú Úóäú åóÐóÇ¡ æóÊóßóáøóãú Ýöí ÛóíúÑöåö ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÞóÏú ÍõÊöãó ÃóãúÑõåõãú¡ æóæóÌóÈó ÚóÐóÇÈõåõãú æóÊóÏúãöíÑõåõãú æóåóáóÇßõåõãú. {Åöäøóåõ ÞóÏú ÌóÇÁó ÃóãúÑõ ÑóÈøößó} [åæÏ: 76] . Ãóíú ÞóÏú ÃóãóÑó Èöåö ãóäú áóÇ íõÑóÏøõ ÃóãúÑõåõ¡ æóáóÇ íõÑóÏøõ ÈöÃúÓõåõ¡ æóáóÇ ãõÚóÞøöÈó áöÍõßúãöåö {æóÅöäøóåõãú ÂÊöíåöãú ÚóÐóÇÈñ ÛóíúÑõ ãóÑúÏõæÏò} [åæÏ: 76] .

(1/414)


æóÐóßóÑó ÓóÚöíÏõ Èúäõ ÌõÈóíúÑò¡ æóÇáÓøõÏøöíøõ¡ æóÞóÊóÇÏóÉõ¡ æóãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó Ãóäøó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÌóÚóáó íóÞõæáõ: ÃóÊõåúáößõæäó ÞóÑúíóÉð ÝöíåóÇ ËóáóÇËõãöÇÆóÉö ãõÄúãöäò¿ ÞóÇáõæÇ: áóÇ. ÞóÇáó: ÝóãöÇÆóÊóÇ ãõÄúãöäò¿ ÞóÇáõæÇ: áóÇ. ÞóÇáó: ÝóÃóÑúÈóÚõæäó ãõÄúãöäðÇ ÞóÇáõæÇ: áóÇ. ÞóÇáó: ÝóÃóÑúÈóÚóÉó ÚóÔóÑó ãõÄúãöäðÇ¿ ÞóÇáõæÇ: áóÇ. ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó Åöáóì Ãóäú ÞóÇáó: ÃóÝóÑóÃóíúÊõãú Åöäú ßóÇäó ÝöíåóÇ ãõÄúãöäñ æóÇÍöÏñ¿ ÞóÇáõæÇ: áóÇ. {ÞóÇáó Åöäøó ÝöíåóÇ áõæØðÇ ÞóÇáõæÇ äóÍúäõ ÃóÚúáóãõ Èöãóäú ÝöíåóÇ} [ÇáÚäßÈæÊ: 32] . ÇáúÂíóÉó. æóÚöäúÏó Ãóåúáö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: íóÇ ÑóÈøö ÃóÊõåúáößõåõãú æóÝöíåöãú ÎóãúÓõæäó ÑóÌõáðÇ ÕóÇáöÍðÇ¿ ÝóÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ: áóÇ Ãõåúáößõåõãú æóÝöíåöãú ÎóãúÓõæäó ÕóÇáöÍðÇ. Ëõãøó ÊóäóÇÒóáó Åöáóì ÚóÔóÑóÉò¡ ÝóÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ: áóÇ Ãõåúáößõåõãú æóÝöíåöãú ÚóÔóÑóÉñ ÕóÇáöÍõæäó.
ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóáóãøóÇ ÌóÇÁóÊú ÑõÓõáõäóÇ áõæØðÇ ÓöíÁó Èöåöãú æóÖóÇÞó Èöåöãú ÐóÑúÚðÇ æóÞóÇáó åóÐóÇ íóæúãñ ÚóÕöíÈñ} [åæÏ: 77] . ÞóÇáó ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑõæäó: áóãøóÇ ÝóÕóáóÊö ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉõ ãöäú ÚöäúÏö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó æóåõãúº ÌöÈúÑöíáõ¡ æóãöíßóÇÆöíáõ¡ æóÅöÓúÑóÇÝöíáõ¡ ÃóÞúÈóáõæÇ ÍóÊøóì ÃóÊóæúÇ ÃóÑúÖó ÓóÏõæãó Ýöí ÕõæÑóÉö ÔõÈøóÇäò ÍöÓóÇäò ÇÎúÊöÈóÇÑðÇ ãöäó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì áöÞóæúãö áõæØò¡ æóÅöÞóÇãóÉð áöáúÍõÌøóÉö Úóáóíúåöãú¡ ÝóÇÓúÊóÖóÇÝõæÇ áõæØðÇ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ æóÐóáößó ÚöäúÏó ÛõÑõæÈö ÇáÔøóãúÓö ÝóÎóÔöíó Åöäú áóãú íõÖöÝúåõãú Ãóäú íõÖöíÝóåõãú ÛóíúÑõåõ ãöäó ÇáúÞóæúãö ÇáúÝóÇÓöÞöíäó¡ æóÍóÓöÈóåõãú ÈóÔóÑðÇ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö æó {ÓöíÁó Èöåöãú æóÖóÇÞó Èöåöãú ÐóÑúÚðÇ æóÞóÇáó åóÐóÇ íóæúãñ ÚóÕöíÈñ} [åæÏ: 77] .
ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈøóÇÓò¡ æóãõÌóÇåöÏñ¡ æóÞóÊóÇÏóÉõ¡ æóãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó: ÔóÏöíÏñ ÈóáóÇÄõåõ¡ æóÐóáößó áöãóÇ íóÚúáóãõ ãöäú ãõÏóÇÝóÚóÊöåö ÇááøóíúáóÉó Úóäúåõãú¡ ßóãóÇ ßóÇäó íóÕúäóÚõ ÈöÛóíúÑöåöãú ãóÚóåõãú¡ æóßóÇäõæÇ ÞóÏö ÇÔúÊóÑóØõæÇ Úóáóíúåö Ãóäú áóÇ íõÖöíÝó ÃóÍóÏðÇ¡ æóáóßöäú ÑóÃóì ãóäú áóÇ íõãúßöäõ ÇáúãóÍöíÏõ Úóäúåõ. æóÐóßóÑó

(1/415)


ÞóÊóÇÏóÉõ Ãóäøóåõãú æóÑóÏõæÇ Úóáóíúåö¡ æóåõæó Ýöí ÃóÑúÖò áóåõ íóÚúãóáõ ÝöíåóÇ¡ ÝóÊóÖóíøóÝõæåõ ÝóÇÓúÊóÍúíóì ãöäúåõãú æóÇäúØóáóÞó ÃóãóÇãóåõãú¡ æóÌóÚóáó íõÚóÑøöÖõ áóåõãú Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇãö áóÚóáøóåõãú íóäúÕóÑöÝõæäó Úóäú åóÐöåö ÇáúÞóÑúíóÉö¡ æóíóäúÒöáõæäó Ýöí ÛóíúÑöåóÇ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó áóåõãú ÝöíãóÇ ÞóÇáó: æóÇááøóåö íóÇ åóÄõáóÇÁö ãóÇ ÃóÚúáóãõ Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö Ãóåúáó ÈóáóÏò ÃóÎúÈóËó ãöäú åóÄõáóÇÁö¡ Ëõãøó ãóÔóì ÞóáöíáðÇ¡ Ëõãøó ÃóÚóÇÏó Ðóáößó Úóáóíúåöãú ÍóÊøóì ßóÑøóÑóåõ ÃóÑúÈóÚó ãóÑøóÇÊò ÞóÇáó: æóßóÇäõæÇ ÞóÏú ÃõãöÑõæÇ Ãóäú áóÇ íõåúáößõæåõãú ÍóÊøóì íóÔúåóÏó Úóáóíúåöãú äóÈöíøõåõãú ÈöÐóáößó. æóÞóÇáó ÇáÓøõÏøöíøõ: ÎóÑóÌóÊö ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉõ ãöäú ÚöäúÏö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó äóÍúæó Þóæúãö áõæØò ÝóÃóÊóæúåóÇ äöÕúÝó ÇáäøóåóÇÑö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÈóáóÛõæÇ äóåúÑó ÓóÏõæãó áóÞõæÇ ÇÈúäóÉó áõæØò ÊóÓúÊóÞöí ãöäó ÇáúãóÇÁö áöÃóåúáöåóÇ¡ æóßóÇäóÊú áóåõ ÇÈúäóÊóÇäö ÇÓúãõ ÇáúßõÈúÑóì ÃóÑöíËóÇ¡ æóÇáÕøõÛúÑóì ÏóÛõæúËóÇ ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ áóåóÇ: íóÇ ÌóÇÑöíóÉõ åóáú ãöäú ãóäúÒöáò¿ ÝóÞóÇáóÊú áóåõãú: ãóßóÇäóßõãú¡ áóÇ ÊóÏúÎõáõæÇ ÍóÊøóì ÂÊöíóßõãú. ÝóÑöÞóÊú Úóáóíúåöãú ãöäú ÞóæúãöåóÇ¡ ÝóÃóÊóÊú ÃóÈóÇåóÇ ÝóÞóÇáóÊú: íóÇ ÃóÈóÊóÇåõ ÃóÑóÇÏóßó ÝöÊúíóÇäñ Úóáóì ÈóÇÈö ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö¡ ãóÇ ÑóÃóíúÊõ æõÌõæåó Þóæúãò ÞóØøõ åöíó ÃóÍúÓóäó ãöäúåõãú¡ áóÇ íóÃúÎõÐõåõãú Þóæúãõßó ÝóíóÝúÖóÍõæåõãú. æóÞóÏú ßóÇäó Þóæúãõåõ äóåóæúåõ Ãóäú íõÖöíÝó ÑóÌõáðÇ¡ ÝóÌóÇÁó Èöåöãú¡ Ýóáóãú íóÚúáóãú ÃóÍóÏñ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÈóíúÊö¡ ÝóÎóÑóÌóÊö ÇãúÑóÃóÊõåõ ÝóÃóÎúÈóÑóÊú ÞóæúãóåóÇ ÝóÞóÇáóÊú: Åöäøó Ýöí ÈóíúÊö áõæØò ÑöÌóÇáðÇ ãóÇ ÑóÃóíúÊõ ãöËúáó æõÌõæåöåöãú ÞóØøõ. ÝóÌóÇÁóåõ Þóæúãõåõ íõåúÑóÚõæäó Åöáóíúåö.

(1/416)


æóÞóæúáõåõ: {æóãöäú ÞóÈúáõ ßóÇäõæÇ íóÚúãóáõæäó ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÇÊö} [åæÏ: 78] . Ãóíú åóÐóÇ ãóÚó ãóÇ ÓóáóÝó áóåõãú ãöäó ÇáÐøõäõæÈö ÇáúÚóÙöíãóÉö ÇáúßóÈöíÑóÉö ÇáúßóËöíÑóÉö {ÞóÇáó íóÇ Þóæúãö åóÄõáóÇÁö ÈóäóÇÊöí åõäøó ÃóØúåóÑõ áóßõãú} [åæÏ: 78] . íõÑúÔöÏõåõãú Åöáóì ÛöÔúíóÇäö äöÓóÇÆöåöãú¡ æóåõäøó ÈóäóÇÊõåõ ÔóÑúÚðǺ áöÃóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó áöáúÃõãøóÉö ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÇáúæóÇáöÏö¡ ßóãóÇ æóÑóÏó Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö¡ æóßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Ãóæúáóì ÈöÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ãöäú ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú æóÃóÒúæóÇÌõåõ ÃõãøóåóÇÊõåõãú} [ÇáÃÍÒÇÈ: 6] . æóÝöí ÞöÑóÇÁóÉö ÈóÚúÖö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö æóÇáÓøóáóÝö: " æóåõæó ÃóÈñ áóåõãú ". æóåóÐóÇ ßóÞóæúáöåö: {ÃóÊóÃúÊõæäó ÇáÐøõßúÑóÇäó ãöäó ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó æóÊóÐóÑõæäó ãóÇ ÎóáóÞó áóßõãú ÑóÈøõßõãú ãöäú ÃóÒúæóÇÌößõãú Èóáú ÃóäúÊõãú Þóæúãñ ÚóÇÏõæäó} [ÇáÔÚÑÇÁ: 165]
[ÇáÔøõÚóÑóÇÁö: 165 - 166] . æóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáøóÐöí äóÕøó Úóáóíúåö ãõÌóÇåöÏñ¡ æóÓóÚöíÏõ Èúäõ ÌõÈóíúÑò¡ æóÇáÑøóÈöíÚõ Èúäõ ÃóäóÓò¡ æóÞóÊóÇÏóÉõ¡ æóÇáÓøõÏøöíøõ¡ æóãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó¡ æóåõæó ÇáÕøóæóÇÈõ. æóÇáúÞóæúáõ ÇáúÂÎóÑõ ÎóØóÃñ ãóÃúÎõæÐñ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö. æóÞóÏú ÊóÕóÍøóÝó Úóáóíúåöãú¡ ßóãóÇ ÃóÎúØóÆõæÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåöãú: Åöäøó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉó ßóÇäõæÇ ÇËúäóíúäö¡ æóÅöäøóåõãú ÊóÚóÔøóæúÇ ÚöäúÏóåõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÎóÈøóØó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÞöÕøóÉö ÊóÎúÈöíØðÇ ÚóÙöíãðÇ.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: {ÝóÇÊøóÞõæÇ Çááøóåó æóáóÇ ÊõÎúÒõæäö Ýöí ÖóíúÝöí ÃóáóíúÓó ãöäúßõãú ÑóÌõáñ ÑóÔöíÏñ} [åæÏ: 78] äóåúíñ áóåõãú Úóäú ÊóÚóÇØöí ãóÇ áóÇ íóáöíÞõ ãöäó ÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉö¡ æóÔóåóÇÏóÉñ Úóáóíúåöãú ÈöÃóäøóåõ áóíúÓó Ýöíåöãú ÑóÌõáñ áóåõ ãõÓúßóÉñ¡ æóáóÇ Ýöíåö ÎóíúÑñ¡ Èóáö ÇáúÌóãöíÚõ ÓõÝóåóÇÁõ ÝóÌóÑóÉñ ÃóÞúæöíóÇÁõ ßóÝóÑóÉñ ÃóÚúÊöíóÇÁõ. æóßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ãöäú ÌõãúáóÉö ãóÇ ÃóÑóÇÏó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉõ Ãóäú íóÓúãóÚõæÇ ãöäúåõ ãöäú ÞóÈúáö

(1/417)


Ãóäú íóÓúÃóáõæåõ Úóäúåõ ÝóÞóÇáó Þóæúãõåõ Úóáóíúåöãú áóÚúäóÉõ Çááøóåö ÇáúÍóãöíÏö ÇáúãóÌöíÏö ãõÌöíÈöíäó áöäóÈöíøöåöãú ÝöíãóÇ ÃóãóÑóåõãú Èöåö ãöäó ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÇáÓøóÏöíÏö: {áóÞóÏú ÚóáöãúÊó ãóÇ áóäóÇ Ýöí ÈóäóÇÊößó ãöäú ÍóÞøò æóÅöäøóßó áóÊóÚúáóãõ ãóÇ äõÑöíÏõ} [åæÏ: 79] . íóÞõæáõæäó: Úóáóíúåöãú áöÚóÇÆöäõ Çááøóåö áóÞóÏú ÚóáöãúÊó íóÇ áõæØõ Åöäøóåõ áóÇ ÃóÑóÈó áóäóÇ Ýöí äöÓóÇÆöäóÇ¡ æóÅöäøóßó áóÊóÚúáóãõ ãõÑóÇÏóäóÇ¡ æóÛóÑóÖóäóÇ¡ æóÇÌóåõæÇ ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÇáúÞóÈöíÍö ÑóÓõæáóåõãõ ÇáúßóÑöíãó¡ æóáóãú íóÎóÇÝõæÇ ÓóØúæóÉó ÇáúÚóÙöíãö Ðöí ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö ÇáúÃóáöíãöº æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ: {áóæú Ãóäøó áöí Èößõãú ÞõæøóÉð Ãóæú Âæöí Åöáóì Ñõßúäò ÔóÏöíÏò} [åæÏ: 80] . æóÏøó Ãóäú áóæú ßóÇäó áóåõ Èöåöãú ÞõæøóÉñ Ãóæú áóåõ ãóäóÚóÉñ¡ æóÚóÔöíÑóÉñ íóäúÕõÑõæäóåõ Úóáóíúåöãú áöíõÍöáøó Èöåöãú ãóÇ íóÓúÊóÍöÞøõæäóåõ ãöäó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÎöØóÇÈö¡ æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó ÇáÒøõåúÑöíøõ: Úóäú ÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÇáúãõÓóíøóÈö¡ æóÃóÈöí ÓóáóãóÉó¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó ãóÑúÝõæÚðÇ «äóÍúäõ ÃóÍóÞøõ ÈöÇáÔøóßøö ãöäú ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó¡ æóíóÑúÍóãõ Çááøóåõ áõæØðÇ áóÞóÏú ßóÇäó íóÃúæöí Åöáóì Ñõßúäò ÔóÏöíÏò¡ æóáóæú áóÈöËúÊõ Ýöí ÇáÓøöÌúäö ãóÇ áóÈöËó íõæÓõÝõ áóÃóÌóÈúÊõ ÇáÏøóÇÚöíó» . æóÑóæóÇåõ ÃóÈõæ ÇáÒøöäóÇÏö¡ Úóäö ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÌö¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó. æóÞóÇáó ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÚóáúÞóãóÉó¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÓóáóãóÉó¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó Ãóäøó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÇáó: «ÑóÍúãóÉõ Çááøóåö Úóáóì áõæØò áóÞóÏú ßóÇäó íóÃúæöí Åöáóì Ñõßúäò ÔóÏöíÏò» . íóÚúäöí Çááøóåó ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó «ÝóãóÇ ÈóÚóËó Çááøóåõ ÈóÚúÏóåõ ãöäú äóÈöíøò ÅöáøóÇ Ýöí ËóÑúæóÉò ãöäú Þóæúãöåö» . æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÌóÇÁó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö íóÓúÊóÈúÔöÑõæäó ÞóÇáó Åöäøó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÖóíúÝöí ÝóáóÇ ÊóÝúÖóÍõæäö æóÇÊøóÞõæÇ Çááøóåó æóáóÇ ÊõÎúÒõæäö ÞóÇáõæÇ Ãóæóáóãú äóäúåóßó Úóäö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó ÞóÇáó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÈóäóÇÊöí Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ÝóÇÚöáöíäó} [ÇáÍÌÑ: 67] . ÝóÃóãóÑóåõãú ÈöÞõÑúÈóÇäö äöÓóÇÆöåöãú¡ æóÍóÐøóÑóåõãõ ÇáöÇÓúÊöãúÑóÇÑó Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÊöåöãú æóÓóíøöÆóÇÊöåöãú¡ åóÐóÇ æóåõãú Ýöí Ðóáößó áóÇ íóäúÊóåõæäó æóáóÇ íóÑúÚóæõæäó¡

(1/418)


Èóáú ßõáøóãóÇ äóåóÇåõãú íõÈóÇáöÛõæäó Ýöí ÊóÍúÕöíáö åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáÖøöíÝóÇäö æóíóÍúÑöÕõæäó¡ æóáóãú íóÚúáóãõæÇ ãóÇ Íóãøó Èöåö ÇáúÞóÏóÑõ ãöãøóÇ åõãú Åöáóíúåö ÕóÇÆöÑõæäó¡ æóÕóÈöíÍóÉó áóíúáóÊöåöãú ãõäúÊóÞöáõæäóº æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì ãõÞúÓöãðÇ ÈöÍóíóÇÉö äóÈöíøöåö ãõÍóãøóÏò ÕóáóæóÇÊõ Çááøóåö æóÓóáóÇãõåõ Úóáóíúåö: {áóÚóãúÑõßó Åöäøóåõãú áóÝöí ÓóßúÑóÊöåöãú íóÚúãóåõæäó} [ÇáÍÌÑ: 72] . æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóáóÞóÏú ÃóäúÐóÑóåõãú ÈóØúÔóÊóäóÇ ÝóÊóãóÇÑóæúÇ ÈöÇáäøõÐõÑö æóáóÞóÏú ÑóÇæóÏõæåõ Úóäú ÖóíúÝöåö ÝóØóãóÓúäóÇ ÃóÚúíõäóåõãú ÝóÐõæÞõæÇ ÚóÐóÇÈöí æóäõÐõÑö æóáóÞóÏú ÕóÈøóÍóåõãú ÈõßúÑóÉð ÚóÐóÇÈñ ãõÓúÊóÞöÑøñ} [ÇáÞãÑ: 36] . ÐóßóÑó ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑõæäó æóÛóíúÑõåõãú Ãóäøó äóÈöíøó Çááøóåö áõæØðÇ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÌóÚóáó íõãóÇäöÚõ Þóæúãóåõ ÇáÏøõÎõæáó æóíõÏóÇÝöÚõåõãú¡ æóÇáúÈóÇÈõ ãõÛúáóÞñ¡ æóåõãú íóÑõæãõæäó ÝóÊúÍóåõ æóæõáõæÌóåõ æóåõæó íóÚöÙõåõãú æóíóäúåóÇåõãú ãöäú æóÑóÇÁö ÇáúÈóÇÈö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÖóÇÞó ÇáúÃóãúÑõ¡ æóÚóÓõÑó ÇáúÍóÇáõ ÞóÇáó ãóÇ ÞóÇáó: {áóæú Ãóäøó áöí Èößõãú ÞõæøóÉð Ãóæú Âæöí Åöáóì Ñõßúäò ÔóÏöíÏò} [åæÏ: 80] . áóÃóÍúáóáúÊõ Èößõãõ ÇáäøóßóÇáó ÞóÇáóÊö ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉõ: {íóÇ áõæØõ ÅöäøóÇ ÑõÓõáõ ÑóÈøößó áóäú íóÕöáõæÇ Åöáóíúßó} [åæÏ: 81] . æóÐóßóÑõæÇ Ãóäøó ÌöÈúÑöíáó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÎóÑóÌó Úóáóíúåöãú ÝóÖóÑóÈó æõÌõæåóåõãú ÎóÝúÞóÉð ÈöØóÑóÝö ÌóäóÇÍöåö ÝóØõãöÓóÊú ÃóÚúíõäõåõãú ÍóÊøóì Þöíáó: ÅöäøóåóÇ ÛóÇÑóÊú ÈöÇáúßõáøöíøóÉö¡ æóáóãú íóÈúÞó áóåóÇ ãóÍóáøñ¡ æóáóÇ Úóíúäñ¡ æóáóÇ ÃóËóÑñ ÝóÑóÌóÚõæÇ íóÊóÌóÓøóÓõæäó ãóÚó ÇáúÍöíØóÇäö¡ æóíóÊóæóÚøóÏõæäó ÑóÓõæáó ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö æóíóÞõæáõæäó: ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúÛóÏõ ßóÇäó áóäóÇ æóáóåõ ÔóÃäñ ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóáóÞóÏú ÑóÇæóÏõæåõ Úóäú ÖóíúÝöåö ÝóØóãóÓúäóÇ ÃóÚúíõäóåõãú ÝóÐõæÞõæÇ ÚóÐóÇÈöí æóäõÐõÑö æóáóÞóÏú ÕóÈøóÍóåõãú ÈõßúÑóÉð ÚóÐóÇÈñ ãõÓúÊóÞöÑøñ} [ÇáÞãÑ: 37] . ÝóÐóáößó

(1/419)


Ãóäøó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉó ÊóÞóÏøóãóÊú Åöáóì áõæØò Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÂãöÑöíäó áóåõ ÈöÃóäú íóÓúÑöíó åõæó æóÃóåúáõåõ ãöäú ÂÎöÑö Çááøóíúáö {æóáóÇ íóáúÊóÝöÊú ãöäúßõãú ÃóÍóÏñ} [åæÏ: 81] íóÚúäöí ÚöäúÏó ÓóãóÇÚö ÕóæúÊö ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö ÅöÐóÇ Íóáøó ÈöÞóæúãöåö. æóÃóãóÑõæåõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÓóíúÑõåõ Ýöí ÂÎöÑöåöãú ßóÇáÓøóÇÞóÉö áóåõãú. æóÞóæúáõåõ: {ÅöáøóÇ ÇãúÑóÃóÊóßó} [åæÏ: 81] Úóáóì ÞöÑóÇÁóÉö ÇáäøóÕúÈö íóÍúÊóãöáõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãõÓúÊóËúäðì ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: {ÝóÃóÓúÑö ÈöÃóåúáößó} [åæÏ: 81] ßóÃóäøóåõ íóÞõæáõ: ÅöáøóÇ ÇãúÑóÃóÊóßó ÝóáóÇ ÊóÓúÑö ÈöåóÇ. æóíóÍúÊóãöáõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: {æóáóÇ íóáúÊóÝöÊú ãöäúßõãú ÃóÍóÏñ} [åæÏ: 81] ÅöáøóÇ ÇãúÑóÃóÊóßó Ãóíú ÝóÅöäøóåóÇ ÓóÊóáúÊóÝöÊõ ÝóíõÕöíÈõåóÇ ãóÇ ÃóÕóÇÈóåõãú¡ æóíõÞóæøöí åóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÍúÊöãóÇáó ÞöÑóÇÁóÉõ ÇáÑøóÝúÚö¡ æóáóßöäøó ÇáúÃóæøóáó ÃóÙúåóÑõ Ýöí ÇáúãóÚúäóì¡ æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ.
ÞóÇáó ÇáÓøõåóíúáöíøõ: æóÇÓúãõ ÇãúÑóÃóÉö áõæØò æóÇáöåóÉõ¡ æóÇÓúãõ ÇãúÑóÃóÉö äõæÍò æóÇáöÛóÉõ. æóÞóÇáõæÇ áóåõ ãõÈóÔøöÑöíäó ÈöåóáóÇßö åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáúÈõÛóÇÉö ÇáúÚõÊóÇÉö ÇáúãóáúÚõæäöíäó ÇáäøõÙóÑóÇÁö æóÇáúÃóÔúÈóÇåö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÌóÚóáóåõãõ Çááøóåõ ÓóáóÝðÇ áößõáøö ÎóÇÆöäò ãõÑöíÈò: {Åöäøó ãóæúÚöÏóåõãõ ÇáÕøõÈúÍõ ÃóáóíúÓó ÇáÕøõÈúÍõ ÈöÞóÑöíÈò} [åæÏ: 81] . ÝóáóãøóÇ ÎóÑóÌó áõæØñ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÈöÃóåúáöåö¡ æóåõãõ ÇÈúäóÊóÇåõ¡ æóáóãú íóÊúÈóÚúåõ ãöäúåõãú ÑóÌõáñ æóÇÍöÏñ¡ æóíõÞóÇáõ: Åöäøó ÇãúÑóÃóÊóåõ ÎóÑóÌóÊú ãóÚóåõ ÝóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ. ÝóáóãøóÇ ÎóáóÕõæÇ ãöäú ÈöáóÇÏöåöãú æóØóáóÚóÊö ÇáÔøóãúÓõ ÝóßóÇäó ÚöäúÏó ÔõÑõæÞöåóÇ ÌóÇÁóåõãú ãöäú ÃóãúÑö Çááøóåö ãóÇ áóÇ íõÑóÏøõ¡ æóãöäó ÇáúÈóÃúÓö ÇáÔøóÏöíÏö ãóÇ áóÇ íõãúßöäõ Ãóäú íõÕóÏøó¡ æóÚöäúÏó Ãóåúáö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö Ãóäøó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉó ÃóãóÑõæåõ Ãóäú íóÕúÚóÏó Åöáóì ÑóÃúÓö ÇáúÌóÈóáö ÇáøóÐöí åõäóÇßó ÝóÇÓúÊóÈúÚóÏóåõ¡ æóÓóÃóáó ãöäúåõãú Ãóäú íóÐúåóÈó Åöáóì ÞóÑúíóÉò ÞóÑöíÈóÉò ãöäúåõãú¡ ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ: ÇÐúåóÈú ÝóÅöäøóÇ äóäúÊóÙöÑõßó ÍóÊøóì ÊóÕöíÑó ÅöáóíúåóÇ æóÊóÓúÊóÞöÑøó ÝöíåóÇ Ëõãøó äõÍöáøó Èöåöãõ ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈó ÝóÐóßóÑõæÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÐóåóÈó Åöáóì ÞóÑúíóÉö ÕõÛóÑó ÇáøóÊöí íóÞõæáõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ: ÛóæúÑõ ÒõÛóÑó. ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóÔúÑóÞóÊö ÇáÔøóãúÓõ äóÒóáó Èöåöãõ ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈõ ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóáóãøóÇ ÌóÇÁó ÃóãúÑõäóÇ ÌóÚóáúäóÇ ÚóÇáöíóåóÇ ÓóÇÝöáóåóÇ æóÃóãúØóÑúäóÇ ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÍöÌóÇÑóÉð ãöäú ÓöÌøöíáò ãóäúÖõæÏò ãõÓóæøóãóÉð ÚöäúÏó ÑóÈøößó æóãóÇ åöíó ãöäó ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó ÈöÈóÚöíÏò} [åæÏ: 82] .

(1/420)


ÞóÇáõæÇ: ÇÞúÊóáóÚóåõäøó ÌöÈúÑöíáõ ÈöØóÑóÝö ÌóäóÇÍöåö ãöäú ÞóÑóÇÑöåöäøó¡ æóßõäøó ÓóÈúÚó ãõÏõäò Èöãóäú Ýöíåöäøó ãöäó ÇáúÃõãóãö íõÞóÇáõ: Åöäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ ÃóÑúÈóÚóãöÇÆóÉö ÃóáúÝö äóÓóãóÉò. æóÞöíáó: ÃóÑúÈóÚóÉõ ÂáóÇÝö ÃóáúÝö äóÓóãóÉò. æóãóÇ ãóÚóåõãú ãöäó ÇáúÍóíóæóÇäóÇÊö¡ æóãóÇ íóÊúÈóÚõ Êöáúßó ÇáúãõÏõäó ãöäó ÇáúÃóÑóÇÖöí æóÇáúÃóãóÇßöäö æóÇáúãõÚúÊóãóáóÇÊö¡ ÝóÑóÝóÚó ÇáúÌóãöíÚó ÍóÊøóì ÈóáóÛó Èöåöäøó ÚóäóÇäó ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö ÍóÊøóì ÓóãöÚóÊö ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉõ ÃóÕúæóÇÊó ÏöíóßóÊöåöãú æóäõÈóÇÍó ßöáóÇÈöåöãú¡ Ëõãøó ÞóáóÈóåóÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ÝóÌóÚóáó ÚóÇáöíóåóÇ ÓóÇÝöáóåóÇ. ÞóÇáó ãõÌóÇåöÏñ: ÝóßóÇäó Ãóæøóáó ãóÇ ÓóÞóØó ãöäúåóÇ ÔõÑõÝóÇÊõåóÇ {æóÃóãúØóÑúäóÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ÍöÌóÇÑóÉð ãöäú ÓöÌøöíáò} [ÇáÍÌÑ: 74] . æóÇáÓøöÌøöíáõ ÝóÇÑöÓöíøñ ãõÚóÑøóÈñ¡ æóåõæó ÇáÔøóÏöíÏõ ÇáÕøõáúÈõ ÇáúÞóæöíøõ ãóäúÖõæÏò Ãóíú íóÊúÈóÚõ ÈóÚúÖõåóÇ ÈóÚúÖðÇ Ýöí äõÒõæáöåóÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ãöäó ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö ãõÓóæøóãóÉð Ãóíú ãõÚóáøóãóÉð ãóßúÊõæÈñ Úóáóì ßõáøö ÍóÌúÑò ÇÓúãõ ÕóÇÍöÈöåö ÇáøóÐöí íóåúÈöØõ Úóáóíúåö ÝóíóÏúãóÛõåõ¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó: {ãõÓóæøóãóÉð ÚöäúÏó ÑóÈøößó áöáúãõÓúÑöÝöíäó} [ÇáÐÇÑíÇÊ: 34] . æóßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÃóãúØóÑúäóÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ãóØóÑðÇ ÝóÓóÇÁó ãóØóÑõ ÇáúãõäúÐóÑöíäó} [ÇáÔÚÑÇÁ: 173] . æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÇáúãõÄúÊóÝößóÉó Ãóåúæóì ÝóÛóÔøóÇåóÇ ãóÇ ÛóÔøóì} [ÇáäÌã: 53]
[ÇáäøóÌúãö: 53 - 54] . íóÚúäöí ÞóáóÈóåóÇ ÝóÃóåúæóì ÈöåóÇ ãõäóßøóÓóÉð ÚóÇáöíóåóÇ ÓóÇÝöáóåóÇ¡ æóÛóÔøóÇåóÇ ÈöãóØóÑò ãöäú ÍöÌóÇÑóÉò ãöäú ÓöÌøöíáò ãõÊóÊóÇÈöÚóÉò ãõÓóæøóãóÉò ãóÑúÞõæãò Úóáóì ßõáøö ÍóÌóÑò ÇÓúãõ ÕóÇÍöÈöåö ÇáøóÐöí ÓóÞóØó Úóáóíúåö ãöäó ÇáúÍóÇÖöÑöíäó ãöäúåõãú Ýöí ÈóáóÏöåöãú æóÇáúÛóÇÆöÈöíäó ÚóäúåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúãõÓóÇÝöÑöíäó æóÇáäøóÇÒöÍöíäó æóÇáÔøóÇÐøöíäó ãöäúåóÇ.
æóíõÞóÇáõ: Åöäøó ÇãúÑóÃóÉó áõæØò ãóßóËóÊú ãóÚó ÞóæúãöåóÇ¡ æóíõÞóÇáõ: ÅöäøóåóÇ ÎóÑóÌóÊú ãóÚó ÒóæúÌöåóÇ æóÈöäúÊóíúåóÇ¡ æóáóßöäøóåóÇ áóãøóÇ ÓóãöÚóÊö ÇáÕøóíúÍóÉó æóÓõÞõæØó ÇáúÈóáúÏóÉö¡ æóÇáúÊóÝóÊóÊú Åöáóì ÞóæúãöåóÇ æóÎóÇáóÝóÊú ÃóãúÑó ÑóÈøöåóÇ ÞóÏöíãðÇ æóÍóÏöíËðÇ¡

(1/421)


æóÞóÇáóÊú: æóÇÞóæúãóÇåú. ÝóÓóÞóØó ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÍóÌúÑñ ÝóÏóãóÛóåóÇ¡ æóÃóáúÍóÞóåóÇ ÈöÞóæúãöåóÇ ÅöÐú ßóÇäóÊú Úóáóì Ïöíäöåöãú¡ æóßóÇäóÊú ÚóíúäðÇ áóåõãú Úóáóì ãóäú íóßõæäõ ÚöäúÏó áõæØò ãöäó ÇáÖøöíÝóÇäö¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÖóÑóÈó Çááøóåõ ãóËóáðÇ áöáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ÇöãúÑóÃóÉó äõæÍò æóÇãúÑóÃóÉó áõæØò ßóÇäóÊóÇ ÊóÍúÊó ÚóÈúÏóíúäö ãöäú ÚöÈóÇÏöäóÇ ÕóÇáöÍóíúäö ÝóÎóÇäóÊóÇåõãóÇ Ýóáóãú íõÛúäöíóÇ ÚóäúåõãóÇ ãöäó Çááøóåö ÔóíúÆðÇ æóÞöíáó ÇÏúÎõáóÇ ÇáäøóÇÑó ãóÚó ÇáÏøóÇÎöáöíäó} [ÇáÊÍÑíã: 10] . Ãóíú ÎóÇäóÊóÇåõãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÏøöíäö Ýóáóãú ÊóÊúÈóÚóÇåõãóÇ Ýöíåö¡ æóáóíúÓó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÃóäøóåõãóÇ ßóÇäóÊóÇ Úóáóì ÝóÇÍöÔóÉò ÍóÇÔóÇ æóßóáøóÇ¡ ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó áóÇ íõÞóÏøöÑõ Úóáóì äóÈöíøò Ãóäú ÊóÈúÛöíó ÇãúÑóÃóÊõåõ¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈøóÇÓò æóÛóíúÑõåõ ãöäú ÃóÆöãøóÉö ÇáÓøóáóÝö æóÇáúÎóáóÝö: ãóÇ ÈóÛóÊö ÇãúÑóÃóÉõ äóÈöíøò ÞóØøõ. æóãóäú ÞóÇáó ÎöáóÇÝó åóÐóÇ ÝóÞóÏó ÃóÎúØóÃó ÎóØóÃð ßóÈöíÑðÇ. ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÞöÕøóÉö ÇáúÅöÝúßö áóãøóÇ ÃóäúÒóáó ÈóÑóÇÁóÉó Ãõãøö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ÈöäúÊö ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö ÒóæúÌö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Íöíäó ÞóÇáó áóåóÇ Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÅöÝúßö ãóÇ ÞóÇáõæÇ ÝóÚóÇÊóÈó Çááøóåõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó æóÃóäøóÈó æóÒóÌóÑó¡ æóæóÚóÙó æóÍóÐøóÑó. æóÞóÇáó ÝöíãóÇ ÞóÇáó: {ÅöÐú ÊóáóÞøóæúäóåõ ÈöÃóáúÓöäóÊößõãú æóÊóÞõæáõæäó ÈöÃóÝúæóÇåößõãú ãóÇ áóíúÓó áóßõãú Èöåö Úöáúãñ æóÊóÍúÓóÈõæäóåõ åóíøöäðÇ æóåõæó ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÚóÙöíãñ æóáóæúáóÇ ÅöÐú ÓóãöÚúÊõãõæåõ ÞõáúÊõãú ãóÇ íóßõæäõ áóäóÇ Ãóäú äóÊóßóáøóãó ÈöåóÐóÇ ÓõÈúÍóÇäóßó åóÐóÇ ÈõåúÊóÇäñ ÚóÙöíãñ} [ÇáäæÑ: 15] . Ãóíú æóãóÇ åóÐöåö ÇáúÚõÞõæÈóÉõ ÈöÈóÚöíÏóÉò ãöãøóäú ÃóÔúÈóåóåõãú Ýöí ÝöÚúáöåöãúº æóáöåóÐóÇ ÐóåóÈó ãóäú ÐóåóÈó ãöäó ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö Åöáóì Ãóäøó ÇááøóÇÆöØó íõÑúÌóãõ ÓóæóÇÁñ ßóÇäó ãõÍúÕóäðÇ Ãóæú áóÇ¡ äóÕøó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ¡ æóÃóÍúãóÏõ Èúäõ ÍóäúÈóáò¡ æóØóÇÆöÝóÉñ

(1/422)


ßóËöíÑóÉñ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÆöãøóÉö¡ æóÇÍúÊóÌøõæÇ ÃóíúÖðÇ ÈöãóÇ ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ¡ æóÃóåúáõ ÇáÓøõäóäö ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÃóÈöí ÚóãúÑòæ¡ Úóäú ÚößúÑöãóÉó¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò Ãóäøó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÇáó: «ãóäú æóÌóÏúÊõãõæåõ íóÚúãóáõ Úóãóáó Þóæúãö áõæØò ÝóÇÞúÊõáõæÇ ÇáúÝóÇÚöáó æóÇáúãóÝúÚõæáó Èöåö» . æóÐóåóÈó ÃóÈõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó Åöáóì Ãóäøó ÇááøóÇÆöØó íõáúÞóì ãöäú ÔóÇåöÞò¡ æóíõÊúÈóÚõ ÈöÇáúÍöÌóÇÑóÉö¡ ßóãóÇ ÝõÚöáó ÈöÞóæúãö áõæØò áöÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóãóÇ åöíó ãöäó ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó ÈöÈóÚöíÏò} [åæÏ: 83] .
æóÌóÚóáó Çááøóåõ ãóßóÇäó Êöáúßó ÇáúÈöáóÇÏö ÈóÍúÑóÉð ãõäúÊöäóÉð áóÇ íõäúÊóÝóÚõ ÈöãóÇÆöåóÇ¡ æóáóÇ ÈöãóÇ ÍóæúáóåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÑóÇÖöí ÇáúãõÊóÇÎöãóÉö áöÝöäóÇÆöåóÇ áöÑóÏóÇÁóÊöåóÇ æóÏóäóÇÁóÊöåóÇ¡ ÝóÕóÇÑóÊú ÚöÈúÑóÉð æóãóËõáóÉð¡ æóÚöÙóÉð æóÂíóÉð Úóáóì ÞõÏúÑóÉö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÚóÙóãóÊöåö æóÚöÒøóÊöåö Ýöí ÇäúÊöÞóÇãöåö ãöãøóäú ÎóÇáóÝó ÃóãúÑóåõ æóßóÐøóÈó ÑõÓõáóåõ¡ æóÇÊøóÈóÚú åóæóÇåõ æóÚóÕóì ãóæúáóÇåõ¡ æóÏóáöíáðÇ Úóáóì ÑóÍúãóÊöåö ÈöÚöÈóÇÏöåö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó Ýöí ÅöäúÌóÇÆöåö ÅöíøóÇåõãú ãöäó ÇáúãõåúáößóÇÊö¡ æóÅöÎúÑóÇÌöåö ÅöíøóÇåõãú ãöäó ÇáäøõæÑö Åöáóì ÇáÙøõáõãóÇÊö¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Åöäøó Ýöí Ðóáößó áóÂíóÉð æóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÃóßúËóÑõåõãú ãõÄúãöäöíäó æóÅöäøó ÑóÈøóßó áóåõæó ÇáúÚóÒöíÒõ ÇáÑøóÍöíãõ} [ÇáÔÚÑÇÁ: 8]
[ÇáúÍöÌúÑö: 73 - 77] . Ãóíú ãóäú äóÙóÑó ÈöÚóíúäö ÇáúÝöÑóÇÓóÉö æóÇáÊøóæóÓøõãö Ýöíåöãú ßóíúÝó ÛóíøóÑó Çááøóåõ Êöáúßó ÇáúÈöáóÇÏó æóÃóåúáóåóÇ¿ æóßóíúÝó ÌóÚóáóåóÇ ÈóÚúÏó ãóÇ ßóÇäóÊú ÂåöáóÉð ÚóÇãöÑóÉð åóÇáößóÉð ÛóÇãöÑóÉð¿ ßóãóÇ Ñóæóì ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ¡ æóÛóíúÑõåõ ãóÑúÝõæÚðÇ «ÇÊøóÞóæúÇ ÝöÑóÇÓóÉó ÇáúãõÄúãöäö ÝóÅöäøóåõ íóäúÙõÑõ ÈöäõæÑö Çááøóåö» . Ëõãøó ÞóÑóÃó: {Åöäøó Ýöí Ðóáößó áóÂíóÇÊò áöáúãõÊóæóÓøöãöíäó} [ÇáÍÌÑ: 75] .

(1/423)


æóÞóæúáõåõ: {æóÅöäøóåóÇ áóÈöÓóÈöíáò ãõÞöíãò} [ÇáÍÌÑ: 76] Ãóíú áóÈöØóÑöíÞò ãóåúíóÚò ãóÓúáõæßò Åöáóì ÇáúÂäó¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó: {æóÅöäøóßõãú áóÊóãõÑøõæäó Úóáóíúåöãú ãõÕúÈöÍöíäó æóÈöÇááøóíúáö ÃóÝóáóÇ ÊóÚúÞöáõæäó} [ÇáÕÇÝÇÊ: 137]
[ÇáúÚóäúßóÈõæÊö: 35] . æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóÃóÎúÑóÌúäóÇ ãóäú ßóÇäó ÝöíåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÝóãóÇ æóÌóÏúäóÇ ÝöíåóÇ ÛóíúÑó ÈóíúÊò ãöäó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó æóÊóÑóßúäóÇ ÝöíåóÇ ÂíóÉð áöáøóÐöíäó íóÎóÇÝõæäó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈó ÇáúÃóáöíãó} [ÇáÐÇÑíÇÊ: 35]
[ÇáÐøóÇÑöíóÇÊö: 35 - 37] . Ãóíú ÊóÑóßúäóÇåóÇ ÚöÈúÑóÉð æóÚöÙóÉð áöãóäú ÎóÇÝó ÚóÐóÇÈó ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö æóÎóÔöíó ÇáÑøóÍúãóäó ÈöÇáúÛóíúÈö¡ æóÎóÇÝó ãóÞóÇãó ÑóÈøöåö æóäóåóì ÇáäøóÝúÓó Úóäö Çáúåóæóì ÝóÇäúÒóÌóÑó Úóäú ãóÍóÇÑöãö Çááøóåö¡ æóÊóÑóßó ãóÚóÇÕöíóåõ æóÎóÇÝó Ãóäú íõÔóÇÈöåó Þóæúãó áõæØò¡ æóãóäú ÊóÔóÈøóåó ÈöÞóæúãò Ýóåõæó ãöäúåõãú¡ æóÅöäú áóãú íóßõäú ãöäú ßõáøö æóÌúåò Ýóãöäú ÈóÚúÖö ÇáúæõÌõæåöº ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÈóÚúÖõåõãú.
ÝóÅöäú áóãú ÊóßõæäõæÇ Þóæúãó áõæØò ÈöÚóíúäöåöãú ... ÝóãóÇ Þóæúãõ áõæØò ãöäúßõãú ÈöÈóÚöíÏö
ÝóÇáúÚóÇÞöáõ ÇááøóÈöíÈõ ÇáúÎóÇÆöÝõ ãöäú ÑóÈøöåö ÇáúÝóÇåöãõ íóãúÊóËöáõ ãóÇ ÃóãóÑóåõ Çááøóåõ Èöåö ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó¡ æóíóÞúÈóáõ ãóÇ ÃóÑúÔóÏóåõ Åöáóíúåö ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö ãöäú ÅöÊúíóÇäö ãóÇ ÎõáöÞó áóåõ ãöäó ÇáÒøóæúÌóÇÊö ÇáúÍóáóÇáö¡ æóÇáúÌóæóÇÑöí ãöäó ÇáÓøóÑóÇÑöíøö ÐóæóÇÊö ÇáúÌóãóÇáö¡ æóÅöíøóÇåõ Ãóäú íóÊøóÈöÚó ßõáøó ÔóíúØóÇäò ãóÑöíÏò ÝóíóÍöÞøó Úóáóíúåö ÇáúæóÚöíÏõ¡ æóíóÏúÎõáó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóãóÇ åöíó ãöäó ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó ÈöÈóÚöíÏò} [åæÏ: 83] .

(1/424)


[ÞöÕøóÉõ ãóÏúíóäó Þóæúãö ÔõÚóíúÈò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ]
ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö ÈóÚúÏó ÞöÕøóÉö Þóæúãö áõæØò: {æóÅöáóì ãóÏúíóäó ÃóÎóÇåõãú ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ ÞóÇáó íóÇÞóæúãö ÇÚúÈõÏõæÇ Çááøóåó ãóÇ áóßõãú ãöäú Åöáóåò ÛóíúÑõåõ ÞóÏú ÌóÇÁóÊúßõãú ÈóíøöäóÉñ ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú ÝóÃóæúÝõæÇ Çáúßóíúáó æóÇáúãöíÒóÇäó æóáóÇ ÊóÈúÎóÓõæÇ ÇáäøóÇÓó ÃóÔúíóÇÁóåõãú æóáóÇ ÊõÝúÓöÏõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÈóÚúÏó ÅöÕúáóÇÍöåóÇ Ðóáößõãú ÎóíúÑñ áóßõãú Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ãõÄúãöäöíäó æóáóÇ ÊóÞúÚõÏõæÇ Èößõáøö ÕöÑóÇØò ÊõæÚöÏõæäó æóÊóÕõÏøõæäó Úóäú ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö ãóäú Âãóäó Èöåö æóÊóÈúÛõæäóåóÇ ÚöæóÌðÇ æóÇÐúßõÑõæÇ ÅöÐú ßõäúÊõãú ÞóáöíáðÇ ÝóßóËøóÑóßõãú æóÇäúÙõÑõæÇ ßóíúÝó ßóÇäó ÚóÇÞöÈóÉõ ÇáúãõÝúÓöÏöíäó æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ãöäúßõãú ÂãóäõæÇ ÈöÇáøóÐöí ÃõÑúÓöáúÊõ Èöåö æóØóÇÆöÝóÉñ áóãú íõÄúãöäõæÇ ÝóÇÕúÈöÑõæÇ ÍóÊøóì íóÍúßõãó Çááøóåõ ÈóíúäóäóÇ æóåõæó ÎóíúÑõ ÇáúÍóÇßöãöíäó ÞóÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ ãöäú Þóæúãöåö áóäõÎúÑöÌóäøóßó íóÇÔõÚóíúÈõ æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ ãóÚóßó ãöäú ÞóÑúíóÊöäóÇ Ãóæú áóÊóÚõæÏõäøó Ýöí ãöáøóÊöäóÇ ÞóÇáó Ãóæóáóæú ßõäøóÇ ßóÇÑöåöíäó ÞóÏö ÇÝúÊóÑóíúäóÇ Úóáóì Çááøóåö ßóÐöÈðÇ Åöäú ÚõÏúäóÇ Ýöí ãöáøóÊößõãú ÈóÚúÏó ÅöÐú äóÌøóÇäóÇ Çááøóåõ ãöäúåóÇ æóãóÇ íóßõæäõ áóäóÇ Ãóäú äóÚõæÏó ÝöíåóÇ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íóÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ ÑóÈøõäóÇ æóÓöÚó ÑóÈøõäóÇ ßõáøó ÔóíúÁò ÚöáúãðÇ Úóáóì Çááøóåö ÊóæóßøóáúäóÇ ÑóÈøóäóÇ ÇÝúÊóÍú ÈóíúäóäóÇ æóÈóíúäó ÞóæúãöäóÇ ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö æóÃóäúÊó ÎóíúÑõ ÇáúÝóÇÊöÍöíäó æóÞóÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ãöäú Þóæúãöåö áóÆöäö ÇÊøóÈóÚúÊõãú ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ Åöäøóßõãú ÅöÐðÇ áóÎóÇÓöÑõæäó ÝóÃóÎóÐóÊúåõãõ ÇáÑøóÌúÝóÉõ ÝóÃóÕúÈóÍõæÇ Ýöí ÏóÇÑöåöãú ÌóÇËöãöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ ßóÃóäú áóãú íóÛúäóæúÇ ÝöíåóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ ßóÇäõæÇ åõãõ ÇáúÎóÇÓöÑöíäó ÝóÊóæóáøóì Úóäúåõãú æóÞóÇáó íóÇÞóæúãö áóÞóÏú ÃóÈúáóÛúÊõßõãú ÑöÓóÇáóÇÊö ÑóÈøöí æóäóÕóÍúÊõ áóßõãú ÝóßóíúÝó ÂÓóì Úóáóì Þóæúãò ßóÇÝöÑöíäó} [ÇáÃÚÑÇÝ: 85]
[ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö: 85 - 93] . æóÞóÇáó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö åõæÏò ÈóÚúÏó ÞöÕøóÉö Þóæúãö áõæØò ÃóíúÖðÇ:

(1/425)


{æóÅöáóì ãóÏúíóäó ÃóÎóÇåõãú ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ ÞóÇáó íóÇÞóæúãö ÇÚúÈõÏõæÇ Çááøóåó ãóÇ áóßõãú ãöäú Åöáóåò ÛóíúÑõåõ æóáóÇ ÊóäúÞõÕõæÇ ÇáúãößúíóÇáó æóÇáúãöíÒóÇäó Åöäøöí ÃóÑóÇßõãú ÈöÎóíúÑò æóÅöäøöí ÃóÎóÇÝõ Úóáóíúßõãú ÚóÐóÇÈó íóæúãò ãõÍöíØò æóíóÇ Þóæúãö ÃóæúÝõæÇ ÇáúãößúíóÇáó æóÇáúãöíÒóÇäó ÈöÇáúÞöÓúØö æóáóÇ ÊóÈúÎóÓõæÇ ÇáäøóÇÓó ÃóÔúíóÇÁóåõãú æóáóÇ ÊóÚúËóæúÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ãõÝúÓöÏöíäó ÈóÞöíøóÉõ Çááøóåö ÎóíúÑñ áóßõãú Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ãõÄúãöäöíäó æóãóÇ ÃóäóÇ Úóáóíúßõãú ÈöÍóÝöíÙò ÞóÇáõæÇ íóÇÔõÚóíúÈõ ÃóÕóáóÇÊõßó ÊóÃúãõÑõßó Ãóäú äóÊúÑõßó ãóÇ íóÚúÈõÏõ ÂÈóÇÄõäóÇ Ãóæú Ãóäú äóÝúÚóáó Ýöí ÃóãúæóÇáöäóÇ ãóÇ äóÔóÇÁõ Åöäøóßó áóÃóäúÊó ÇáúÍóáöíãõ ÇáÑøóÔöíÏõ ÞóÇáó íóÇÞóæúãö ÃóÑóÃóíúÊõãú Åöäú ßõäúÊõ Úóáóì ÈóíøöäóÉò ãöäú ÑóÈøöí æóÑóÒóÞóäöí ãöäúåõ ÑöÒúÞðÇ ÍóÓóäðÇ æóãóÇ ÃõÑöíÏõ Ãóäú ÃõÎóÇáöÝóßõãú Åöáóì ãóÇ ÃóäúåóÇßõãú Úóäúåõ Åöäú ÃõÑöíÏõ ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÅöÕúáóÇÍó ãóÇ ÇÓúÊóØóÚúÊõ æóãóÇ ÊóæúÝöíÞöí ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇááøóåö Úóáóíúåö ÊóæóßøóáúÊõ æóÅöáóíúåö ÃõäöíÈõ æóíóÇ Þóæúãö áóÇ íóÌúÑöãóäøóßõãú ÔöÞóÇÞöí Ãóäú íõÕöíÈóßõãú ãöËúáõ ãóÇ ÃóÕóÇÈó Þóæúãó äõæÍò Ãóæú Þóæúãó åõæÏò Ãóæú Þóæúãó ÕóÇáöÍò æóãóÇ Þóæúãõ áõæØò ãöäúßõãú ÈöÈóÚöíÏò æóÇÓúÊóÛúÝöÑõæÇ ÑóÈøóßõãú Ëõãøó ÊõæÈõæÇ Åöáóíúåö Åöäøó ÑóÈøöí ÑóÍöíãñ æóÏõæÏñ ÞóÇáõæÇ íóÇÔõÚóíúÈõ ãóÇ äóÝúÞóåõ ßóËöíÑðÇ ãöãøóÇ ÊóÞõæáõ æóÅöäøóÇ áóäóÑóÇßó ÝöíäóÇ ÖóÚöíÝðÇ æóáóæúáóÇ ÑóåúØõßó áóÑóÌóãúäóÇßó æóãóÇ ÃóäúÊó ÚóáóíúäóÇ ÈöÚóÒöíÒò ÞóÇáó íóÇÞóæúãö ÃóÑóåúØöí ÃóÚóÒøõ Úóáóíúßõãú ãöäó Çááøóåö æóÇÊøóÎóÐúÊõãõæåõ æóÑóÇÁóßõãú ÙöåúÑöíøðÇ Åöäøó ÑóÈøöí ÈöãóÇ ÊóÚúãóáõæäó ãõÍöíØñ æóíóÇ Þóæúãö ÇÚúãóáõæÇ Úóáóì ãóßóÇäóÊößõãú Åöäøöí ÚóÇãöáñ ÓóæúÝó ÊóÚúáóãõæäó ãóäú íóÃúÊöíåö ÚóÐóÇÈñ íõÎúÒöíåö æóãóäú åõæó ßóÇÐöÈñ æóÇÑúÊóÞöÈõæÇ Åöäøöí ãóÚóßõãú ÑóÞöíÈñ æóáóãøóÇ ÌóÇÁó ÃóãúÑõäóÇ äóÌøóíúäóÇ ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ ãóÚóåõ ÈöÑóÍúãóÉò ãöäøóÇ æóÃóÎóÐóÊö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÙóáóãõæÇ ÇáÕøóíúÍóÉõ ÝóÃóÕúÈóÍõæÇ Ýöí ÏöíóÇÑöåöãú ÌóÇËöãöíäó ßóÃóäú áóãú íóÛúäóæúÇ ÝöíåóÇ ÃóáóÇ ÈõÚúÏðÇ áöãóÏúíóäó ßóãóÇ ÈóÚöÏóÊú ËóãõæÏõ} [åæÏ: 84]
[ÇáúÍöÌúÑö: 78 - 79] . æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÇáÔøõÚóÑóÇÁö ÈóÚúÏó

(1/426)


ÞöÕøóÊöåöãú: {ßóÐøóÈó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóíúßóÉö ÇáúãõÑúÓóáöíäó ÅöÐú ÞóÇáó áóåõãú ÔõÚóíúÈñ ÃóáóÇ ÊóÊøóÞõæäó Åöäøöí áóßõãú ÑóÓõæáñ Ãóãöíäñ ÝóÇÊøóÞõæÇ Çááøóåó æóÃóØöíÚõæäö æóãóÇ ÃóÓúÃóáõßõãú Úóáóíúåö ãöäú ÃóÌúÑò Åöäú ÃóÌúÑöíó ÅöáøóÇ Úóáóì ÑóÈøö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó ÃóæúÝõæÇ Çáúßóíúáó æóáóÇ ÊóßõæäõæÇ ãöäó ÇáúãõÎúÓöÑöíäó æóÒöäõæÇ ÈöÇáúÞöÓúØóÇÓö ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞöíãö æóáóÇ ÊóÈúÎóÓõæÇ ÇáäøóÇÓó ÃóÔúíóÇÁóåõãú æóáóÇ ÊóÚúËóæúÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ãõÝúÓöÏöíäó æóÇÊøóÞõæÇ ÇáøóÐöí ÎóáóÞóßõãú æóÇáúÌöÈöáøóÉó ÇáúÃóæøóáöíäó ÞóÇáõæÇ ÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóäúÊó ãöäó ÇáúãõÓóÍøóÑöíäó æóãóÇ ÃóäúÊó ÅöáøóÇ ÈóÔóÑñ ãöËúáõäóÇ æóÅöäú äóÙõäøõßó áóãöäó ÇáúßóÇÐöÈöíäó ÝóÃóÓúÞöØú ÚóáóíúäóÇ ßöÓóÝðÇ ãöäó ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö Åöäú ßõäúÊó ãöäó ÇáÕøóÇÏöÞöíäó ÞóÇáó ÑóÈøöí ÃóÚúáóãõ ÈöãóÇ ÊóÚúãóáõæäó ÝóßóÐøóÈõæåõ ÝóÃóÎóÐóåõãú ÚóÐóÇÈõ íóæúãö ÇáÙøõáøóÉö Åöäøóåõ ßóÇäó ÚóÐóÇÈó íóæúãò ÚóÙöíãò Åöäøó Ýöí Ðóáößó áóÂíóÉð æóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÃóßúËóÑõåõãú ãõÄúãöäöíäó æóÅöäøó ÑóÈøóßó áóåõæó ÇáúÚóÒöíÒõ ÇáÑøóÍöíãõ} [ÇáÔÚÑÇÁ: 176]
[ÇáÔøõÚóÑóÇÁö: 176 - 191] .
ßóÇäó Ãóåúáõ ãóÏúíóäó ÞóæúãðÇ ÚóÑóÈðÇ íóÓúßõäõæäó ãóÏöíäóÊóåõãú ãóÏúíóäó ÇáøóÊöí åöíó ÞóÑúíóÉñ ãöäú ÃóÑúÖö ãõÚóÇäò ãöäú ÃóØúÑóÇÝö ÇáÔøóÇãö ãöãøóÇ íóáöí äóÇÍöíóÉó ÇáúÍöÌóÇÒö ÞóÑöíÈðÇ ãöäú ÈõÍóíúÑóÉö Þóæúãö áõæØò¡ æóßóÇäõæÇ ÈóÚúÏóåõãú ÈöãõÏøóÉò ÞóÑöíÈóÉò¡ æóãóÏúíóäõ ÞóÈöíáóÉñ ÚõÑöÝóÊú Èöåöãõ ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉõ¡ æóåõãú ãöäú Èóäöí ãóÏúíóäó Èúäö ãÏíóÇäó Èúäö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÇáúÎóáöíáö Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ æóÔõÚóíúÈñ äóÈöíøõåõãú åõæó ÇÈúäõ ãíßíáó Èúäö íóÔúÌóäó ÐóßóÑóåõ ÇÈúäõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó ÞóÇáó: æóíõÞóÇáõ áóåõ ÈöÇáÓøõÑúíóÇäöíøóÉö: ÈóËúÑõæäõ. æóÝöí åóÐóÇ äóÙóÑñ æóíõÞóÇáõ: ÔõÚóíúÈõ Èúäõ íÔÌäó Èúäö áóÇæöí Èúäö íóÚúÞõæÈó¡ æóíõÞóÇáõ: ÔõÚóíúÈõ Èúäõ ËóæöíÈó Èúäö ÚóÈóÞóÇ Èúäö

(1/427)


ãóÏúíóäó Èúäö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó. æóíõÞóÇáõ: ÔõÚóíúÈõ Èúäõ ÕöíÝõæÑó Èúäö ÚóÈóÞóÇ Èúäö ËóÇÈöÊö Èúäö ãóÏúíóäó Èúäö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó. æóÞöíáó: ÛóíúÑõ Ðóáößó Ýöí äóÓóÈöåö. ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÚóÓóÇßöÑó: æóíõÞóÇáõ: ÌóÏøóÊõåõ æóíõÞóÇáõ: Ãõãøõåõ ÈöäúÊõ áõæØò æóßóÇäó ãöãøóäú Âãóäó ÈöÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó æóåóÇÌóÑó ãóÚóåõ æóÏóÎóáó ãóÚóåõ ÏöãóÔúÞó. æóÚóäú æóåúÈö Èúäö ãõäóÈøöåò Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: ÔõÚóíúÈñ æóÈóáúÚóãõ ãöãøóäú Âãóäó ÈöÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó íóæúãó ÃõÍúÑöÞó ÈöÇáäøóÇÑö¡ æóåóÇÌóÑóÇ ãóÚóåõ Åöáóì ÇáÔøóÇãö ÝóÒóæøóÌóåõãóÇ ÈöäúÊóíú áõæØò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ. ÐóßóÑóåõ ÇÈúäõ ÞõÊóíúÈóÉó¡ æóÝöí åóÐóÇ ßõáøöåö äóÙóÑñ ÃóíúÖðÇ¡ æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ.
æóÐóßóÑó ÃóÈõæ ÚõãóÑó Èúäõ ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÈöÑøö Ýöí " ÇáöÇÓúÊöíÚóÇÈö " Ýöí ÊóÑúÌóãóÉö «ÓóáóãóÉó Èúäö ÓóÚöíÏò ÇáúÚóäóÒöíøö: ÞóÏöãó Úóáóì ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÝóÃóÓúáóãó¡ æóÇäúÊóÓóÈó Åöáóì ÚóäóÒóÉó ÝóÞóÇáó: äöÚúãó ÇáúÍóíøõ ÚóäóÒóÉõ ãóÈúÛöíøñ Úóáóíúåöãú¡ ãóäúÕõæÑõæäó¡ Þóæúãõ ÔõÚóíúÈò æóÃóÎúÊóÇäõ ãõæÓóì» . Ýóáóæú ÕóÍøó åóÐóÇ áóÏóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ ÕöåúÑõ ãõæÓóì¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ãöäú ÞóÈöíáóÉò ãöäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ÇáúÚóÇÑöÈóÉö íõÞóÇáõ áóåõãú: ÚóäóÒóÉõ áóÇ Ãóäøóåõãú ãöäú ÚóäóÒóÉó Èúäö ÃóÓóÏö Èúäö ÑóÈöíÚóÉó Èúäö äöÒóÇÑö Èúäö ãóÚúÏøö Èúäö ÚóÏúäóÇäó ÝóÅöäøó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÈóÚúÏóåõ ÈöÏóåúÑò Øóæöíáò¡ æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ.
æóÝöí ÍóÏöíËö ÃóÈöí ÐóÑøò ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí ÕóÍöíÍö ÇÈúäö ÍöÈøóÇäó Ýöí ÐößúÑö ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö æóÇáÑøõÓõáö ÞóÇáó: «ÃóÑúÈóÚóÉñ ãöäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈöº åõæÏñ¡ æóÕóÇáöÍñ¡ æóÔõÚóíúÈñ¡ æóäóÈöíøõßó íóÇ

(1/428)


ÃóÈóÇ ÐóÑøò» . æóßóÇäó ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáÓøóáóÝö íõÓóãøöí ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ ÎóØöíÈó ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö¡ íóÚúäöí áöÝóÕóÇÍóÊöåö æóÚõáõæøö ÚöÈóÇÑóÊöåö æóÈóáóÇÛóÊöåö Ýöí ÏöÚóÇíóÉö Þóæúãöåö Åöáóì ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö ÈöÑöÓóÇáóÊöåö¡ æóÞóÏú Ñóæóì ÅöÓúÍóÇÞõ Èúäõ ÈöÔúÑò¡ Úóäú ÌõæóíúÈöÑò¡ æóãõÞóÇÊöáò¡ Úóäö ÇáÖøóÍøóÇßö¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò ÞóÇáó: «ßóÇäó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÅöÐóÇ ÐóßóÑó ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ ÞóÇáó: ÐóÇßó ÎóØöíÈõ ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö.»
æóßóÇäó Ãóåúáõ ãóÏúíóäó ßõÝøóÇÑðÇ íóÞúØóÚõæäó ÇáÓøóÈöíáó¡ æóíõÎöíÝõæäó ÇáúãóÇÑøóÉó¡ æóíóÚúÈõÏõæäó ÇáúÃóíúßóÉó¡ æóåöíó ÔóÌóÑóÉñ ãöäó ÇáúÃóíúßö ÍóæúáóåóÇ ÛóíúÖóÉñ ãõáúÊóÝøóÉñ ÈöåóÇ¡ æóßóÇäõæÇ ãöäú ÃóÓõæÁö ÇáäøóÇÓö ãõÚóÇãóáóÉð íóÈúÎóÓõæäó ÇáúãößúíóÇáó æóÇáúãöíÒóÇäó¡ æóíõØóÝøöÝõæäó ÝöíåöãóÇ íóÃúÎõÐõæäó ÈöÇáÒøóÇÆöÏö¡ æóíóÏúÝóÚõæäó ÈöÇáäøóÇÞöÕö ÝóÈóÚóËó Çááøóåõ Ýöíåöãú ÑóÌõáðÇ ãöäúåõãú¡ æóåõæó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö ÔõÚóíúÈñ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÝóÏóÚóÇåõãú Åöáóì ÚöÈóÇÏóÉö Çááøóåö æóÍúÏóåõ áóÇ ÔóÑöíßó áóåõ¡ æóäóåóÇåõãú Úóäú ÊóÚóÇØöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÝóÇÚöíáö ÇáúÞóÈöíÍóÉö ãöäú ÈóÎúÓö ÇáäøóÇÓö ÃóÔúíóÇÁóåõãú¡ æóÅöÎóÇÝóÊöåöãú áóåõãú Ýöí ÓõÈõáöåöãú æóØõÑõÞóÇÊöåöãú¡ ÝóÂãóäó Èöåö ÈóÚúÖõåõãú¡ æóßóÝóÑó ÃóßúËóÑõåõãú ÍóÊøóì ÃóÍóáøó Çááøóåõ Èöåöãõ ÇáúÈóÃúÓó ÇáÔøóÏöíÏó¡ æóåõæó Çáúæóáöíøõ ÇáúÍóãöíÏõ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÅöáóì ãóÏúíóäó ÃóÎóÇåõãú ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ ÞóÇáó íóÇ Þóæúãö ÇÚúÈõÏõæÇ Çááøóåó ãóÇ áóßõãú ãöäú Åöáóåò ÛóíúÑõåõ ÞóÏú ÌóÇÁóÊúßõãú ÈóíøöäóÉñ ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú} [ÇáÃÚÑÇÝ: 85] . Ãóíú ÏóáóÇáóÉñ æóÍõÌøóÉñ æóÇÖöÍóÉñ¡ æóÈõÑúåóÇäñ ÞóÇØöÚñ Úóáóì ÕöÏúÞö ãóÇ ÌöÆúÊõßõãú Èöåö. æóÃóäøóåõ ÃóÑúÓóáóäöí¡ æóåõæó ãóÇ ÃóÌúÑóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóì íóÏóíúåö ãöäó ÇáúãõÚúÌöÒóÇÊö ÇáøóÊöí áóãú ÊõäúÞóáú ÅöáóíúäóÇ ÊóÝúÕöíáðÇ¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÇááøóÝúÙõ ÞóÏú Ïóáøó ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÅöÌúãóÇáðÇ.
{ÝóÃóæúÝõæÇ Çáúßóíúáó æóÇáúãöíÒóÇäó æóáóÇ ÊóÈúÎóÓõæÇ ÇáäøóÇÓó ÃóÔúíóÇÁóåõãú æóáóÇ ÊõÝúÓöÏõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÈóÚúÏó ÅöÕúáóÇÍöåóÇ} [ÇáÃÚÑÇÝ: 85] . ÃóãóÑóåõãú ÈöÇáúÚóÏúáö¡ æóäóåóÇåõãú Úóäö ÇáÙøõáúãö¡ æóÊóæóÚøóÏóåõãú Úóáóì ÎöáóÇÝö Ðóáößó ÝóÞóÇáó:

(1/429)


{Ðóáößõãú ÎóíúÑñ áóßõãú Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ãõÄúãöäöíäó æóáóÇ ÊóÞúÚõÏõæÇ Èößõáøö ÕöÑóÇØò} [ÇáÃÚÑÇÝ: 85] . Ãóíú ØóÑöíÞò ÊõæÚöÏõæäó Ãóíú ÊóÊóæóÚøóÏõæäó ÇáäøóÇÓó ÈöÃóÎúÐö ÃóãúæóÇáöåöãú ãöäú ãõßõæÓò æóÛóíúÑö Ðóáößó¡ æóÊõÎöíÝõæäó ÇáÓøõÈõáó ÞóÇáó ÇáÓøõÏøöíøõ Ýöí ÊóÝúÓöíÑöåö Úóäö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö: {æóáóÇ ÊóÞúÚõÏõæÇ Èößõáøö ÕöÑóÇØò ÊõæÚöÏõæäó} [ÇáÃÚÑÇÝ: 86] . Ãóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ íóÃúÎõÐõæäó ÇáúÚõÔõæÑó ãöäú ÃóãúæóÇáö ÇáúãóÇÑøóÉö. æóÞóÇáó ÅöÓúÍóÇÞõ Èúäõ ÈöÔúÑò¡ Úóäú ÌõæóíúÈöÑò¡ Úóäö ÇáÖøóÍøóÇßö¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò ÞóÇáó: ßóÇäõæÇ ÞóæúãðÇ ØõÛóÇÉð ÈõÛóÇÉð íóÌúáöÓõæäó Úóáóì ÇáØøóÑöíÞö íóÈúÎóÓõæäó ÇáäøóÇÓó íóÚúäöí íóÚúÔõÑõæäóåõãú¡ æóßóÇäõæÇ Ãóæøóáó ãóäú Óóäøó Ðóáößó {æóÊóÕõÏøõæäó Úóäú ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö ãóäú Âãóäó Èöåö æóÊóÈúÛõæäóåóÇ ÚöæóÌðÇ} [ÇáÃÚÑÇÝ: 86] . ÝóäóåóÇåõãú Úóäú ÞóØúÚö ÇáØøóÑöíÞö ÇáúÍöÓøöíøóÉö ÇáÏøõäúíóæöíøóÉö æóÇáúãóÚúäóæöíøóÉö ÇáÏøöíäöíøóÉö {æóÇÐúßõÑõæÇ ÅöÐú ßõäúÊõãú ÞóáöíáðÇ ÝóßóËøóÑóßõãú æóÇäúÙõÑõæÇ ßóíúÝó ßóÇäó ÚóÇÞöÈóÉõ ÇáúãõÝúÓöÏöíäó} [ÇáÃÚÑÇÝ: 86] . ÐóßøóÑóåõãú ÈöäöÚúãóÉö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóáóíúåöãú Ýöí ÊóßúËöíÑöåöãú ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÞöáøóÉö¡ æóÍóÐøóÑóåõãú äöÞúãóÉó Çááøóåö Èöåöãú Åöäú ÎóÇáóÝõæÇ ãóÇ ÃóÑúÔóÏóåõãú Åöáóíúåö æóÏóáøóåõãú Úóáóíúåö¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó áóåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÞöÕøóÉö ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì: {æóáóÇ ÊóäúÞõÕõæÇ ÇáúãößúíóÇáó æóÇáúãöíÒóÇäó Åöäøöí ÃóÑóÇßõãú ÈöÎóíúÑò æóÅöäøöí ÃóÎóÇÝõ Úóáóíúßõãú ÚóÐóÇÈó íóæúãò ãõÍöíØò} [åæÏ: 84] . Ãóíú áóÇ ÊóÑúßóÈõæÇ ãóÇ ÃóäúÊõãú Úóáóíúåö æóÊóÓúÊóãöÑøõæÇ Ýöíåö¡ ÝóíóãúÍóÞó Çááøóåõ ÈóÑóßóÉó ãóÇ Ýöí ÃóíúÏöíßõãú æóíõÝúÞöÑóßõãú¡ æóíõÐúåöÈó ãóÇ Èöåö íõÛúäöíßõãú¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãõÖóÇÝñ Åöáóì ÚóÐóÇÈö ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö¡ æóãóäú ÌõãöÚó áóåõ åóÐóÇ æóåóÐóÇ ÝóÞóÏú ÈóÇÁó ÈöÇáÕøóÝúÞóÉö ÇáúÎóÇÓöÑóÉö¡ ÝóäóåóÇåõãú ÃóæøóáðÇ Úóäú ÊóÚóÇØöí ãóÇ áóÇ íóáöíÞõ ãöäó ÇáÊøóØúÝöíÝö¡ æóÍóÐøóÑóåõãú ÓóáúÈó äöÚúãóÉö Çááøóåö Úóáóíúåöãú Ýöí ÏõäúíóÇåõãú¡ æóÚóÐóÇÈóåõ ÇáúÃóáöíãó Ýöí ÃõÎúÑóÇåõãú¡ æóÚóäøóÝóåõãú ÃóÔóÏøó ÊóÚúäöíÝò¡ Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó áóåõãú ÂãöÑðÇ ÈóÚúÏóãóÇ ßóÇäó Úóäú ÖöÏøöåö ÒóÇÌöÑðÇ:

(1/430)


{æóíóÇ Þóæúãö ÃóæúÝõæÇ ÇáúãößúíóÇáó æóÇáúãöíÒóÇäó ÈöÇáúÞöÓúØö æóáóÇ ÊóÈúÎóÓõæÇ ÇáäøóÇÓó ÃóÔúíóÇÁóåõãú æóáóÇ ÊóÚúËóæúÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ãõÝúÓöÏöíäó ÈóÞöíøóÉõ Çááøóåö ÎóíúÑñ áóßõãú Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ãõÄúãöäöíäó æóãóÇ ÃóäóÇ Úóáóíúßõãú ÈöÍóÝöíÙò} [åæÏ: 85] . ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈøóÇÓò¡ æóÇáúÍóÓóäõ ÇáúÈóÕúÑöíøõ: {ÈóÞöíøóÉõ Çááøóåö ÎóíúÑñ áóßõãú} [åæÏ: 86] . Ãóíú ÑöÒúÞõ Çááøóåö ÎóíúÑñ áóßõãú ãöäú ÃóÎúÐö ÃóãúæóÇáö ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈöÇáÊøóØúÝöíÝö¡ æóÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÌóÑöíÑò: ãóÇ ÝóÖóáó áóßõãú ãöäó ÇáÑøöÈúÍö ÈóÚúÏó æóÝóÇÁö Çáúßóíúáö¡ æóÇáúãöíÒóÇäö ÎóíúÑñ áóßõãú ãöäú ÃóÎúÐö ÃóãúæóÇáö ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈöÇáÊøóØúÝöíÝö. ÞóÇáó: æóÞóÏú Ñõæöíó åóÐóÇ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáøóÐöí ÞóÇáóåõ æóÍóßóÇåõ ÍóÓóäñ¡ æóåõæó ÔóÈöíåñ ÈöÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Þõáú áóÇ íóÓúÊóæöí ÇáúÎóÈöíËõ æóÇáØøóíøöÈõ æóáóæú ÃóÚúÌóÈóßó ßóËúÑóÉõ ÇáúÎóÈöíËö} [ÇáãÇÆÏÉ: 100] . íóÚúäöí Ãóäøó ÇáúÞóáöíáó ãöäó ÇáúÍóáóÇáö ÎóíúÑñ áóßõãú ãöäó ÇáúßóËöíÑö ãöäó ÇáúÍóÑóÇãö ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÍóáóÇáó ãõÈóÇÑóßñ æóÅöäú Þóáøó¡ æóÇáúÍóÑóÇãó ãóãúÍõæÞñ æóÅöäú ßóËõÑó¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {íóãúÍóÞõ Çááøóåõ ÇáÑøöÈóÇ æóíõÑúÈöí ÇáÕøóÏóÞóÇÊö} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 276] . æóÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «Åöäøó ÇáÑøöÈóÇ æóÅöäú ßóËõÑó ÝóÅöäøó ãóÕöíÑóåõ Åöáóì Þõáøò» . ÑóæóÇåõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ Ãóíú Åöáóì ÞöáøóÉò¡ æóÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «ÇáúÈóíøöÚóÇäö ÈöÇáúÎöíóÇÑö ãóÇ áóãú íóÊóÝóÑøóÞóÇ ÝóÅöäú ÕóÏóÞóÇ¡ æóÈóíøóäóÇ ÈõæÑößó áóåõãóÇ Ýöí ÈóíúÚöåöãóÇ¡ æóÅöäøó ßóÊóãóÇ¡ æóßóÐóÈóÇ ãõÍöÞóÊú ÈóÑóßóÉõ ÈóíúÚöåöãóÇ» .
æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ Ãóäøó ÇáÑøöÈúÍó ÇáúÍóáóÇáó ãõÈóÇÑóßñ Ýöíåö æóÅöäøó Þóáøó¡ æóÇáúÍóÑóÇãó áóÇ íõÌúÏöí æóÅöäú ßóËõÑóº æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó äóÈöíøõ Çááøóåö ÔõÚóíúÈñ: {ÈóÞöíøóÉõ Çááøóåö ÎóíúÑñ áóßõãú Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ãõÄúãöäöíäó} [åæÏ: 86] . æóÞóæúáõåõ: {æóãóÇ ÃóäóÇ Úóáóíúßõãú ÈöÍóÝöíÙò} [åæÏ: 86] . Ãóíö ÇÝúÚóáõæÇ ãóÇ ÂãõÑõßõãú Èöåö ÇÈúÊöÛóÇÁó æóÌúåö Çááøóåö¡ æóÑóÌóÇÁó ËóæóÇÈöåö áóÇ áöÃóÑóÇßõãú ÃóäóÇ æóÛóíúÑöí {ÞóÇáõæÇ íóÇ ÔõÚóíúÈõ ÃóÕóáóÇÊõßó ÊóÃúãõÑõßó Ãóäú äóÊúÑõßó ãóÇ íóÚúÈõÏõ ÂÈóÇÄõäóÇ Ãóæú Ãóäú äóÝúÚóáó Ýöí ÃóãúæóÇáöäóÇ ãóÇ äóÔóÇÁõ Åöäøóßó áóÃóäúÊó ÇáúÍóáöíãõ ÇáÑøóÔöíÏõ} [åæÏ: 87] . íóÞõæáõæäó åóÐóÇ Úóáóì ÓóÈöíáö ÇáöÇÓúÊöåúÒóÇÁö æóÇáÊøóäóÞøõÕö æóÇáÊøóåóßøõãö: ÃóÕóáóæóÇÊõßó åóÐöåö ÇáøóÊöí ÊõÕóáøöíåóÇ

(1/431)


åöíó ÇáúÂãöÑóÉõ áóßó ÈöÃóäú ÊóÍúÌõÑó ÚóáóíúäóÇ ÝóáóÇ äóÚúÈõÏõ ÅöáøóÇ Åöáóåóßó¡ æóäóÊúÑõßó ãóÇ íóÚúÈõÏõ ÂÈóÇÄõäóÇ ÇáúÃóÞúÏóãõæäó æóÃóÓúáóÇÝõäóÇ ÇáúÃóæøóáõæäó¡ Ãóæú ÃóäøóÇ áóÇ äóÊóÚóÇãóáõ ÅöáøóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúæóÌúåö ÇáøóÐöí ÊóÑúÊóÖöíåö ÃóäúÊó¡ æóäóÊúÑõßõ ÇáúãõÚóÇãóáóÇÊö ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÃúÈóÇåóÇ æóÅöäú ßõäøóÇ äóÍúäõ äóÑúÖóÇåóÇ {Åöäøóßó áóÃóäúÊó ÇáúÍóáöíãõ ÇáÑøóÔöíÏõ} [åæÏ: 87] . ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈøóÇÓò¡ æóãóíúãõæäõ Èúäõ ãöåúÑóÇäó¡ æóÇÈúäõ ÌõÑóíúÌò¡ æóÒóíúÏõ Èúäõ ÃóÓúáóãó¡ æóÇÈúäõ ÌóÑöíÑò: íóÞõæáõæäó Ðóáößó - ÃóÚúÏóÇÁõ Çááøóåö - Úóáóì ÓóÈöíáö ÇáöÇÓúÊöåúÒóÇÁö.
{ÞóÇáó íóÇ Þóæúãö ÃóÑóÃóíúÊõãú Åöäú ßõäúÊõ Úóáóì ÈóíøöäóÉò ãöäú ÑóÈøöí æóÑóÒóÞóäöí ãöäúåõ ÑöÒúÞðÇ ÍóÓóäðÇ æóãóÇ ÃõÑöíÏõ Ãóäú ÃõÎóÇáöÝóßõãú Åöáóì ãóÇ ÃóäúåóÇßõãú Úóäúåõ Åöäú ÃõÑöíÏõ ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÅöÕúáóÇÍó ãóÇ ÇÓúÊóØóÚúÊõ æóãóÇ ÊóæúÝöíÞöí ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇááøóåö Úóáóíúåö ÊóæóßøóáúÊõ æóÅöáóíúåö ÃõäöíÈõ} [åæÏ: 88] . åóÐóÇ ÊóáóØøõÝñ ãóÚóåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÉö¡ æóÏóÚúæóÉñ áóåõãú Åöáóì ÇáúÍóÞøö ÈöÃóÈúíóäö ÅöÔóÇÑóÉò íóÞõæáõ áóåõãú: ÃóÑóÃóíúÊõãú ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáúãõßóÐøöÈõæäó Åöäú ßõäúÊõ Úóáóì ÈóíøöäóÉò ãöäú ÑóÈøöí Ãóíú Úóáóì ÃóãúÑò Èóíøöäò ãöäó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÃóÑúÓóáóäöí Åöáóíúßõãú {æóÑóÒóÞóäöí ãöäúåõ ÑöÒúÞðÇ ÍóÓóäðÇ} [åæÏ: 88] . íóÚúäöí ÇáäøõÈõæøóÉó æóÇáÑøöÓóÇáóÉó íóÚúäöí¡ æóÚóãøóì Úóáóíúßõãú ãóÚúÑöÝóÊóåóÇ ÝóÃóíøõ ÍöíáóÉò áöí Èößõãú¿ æóåóÐóÇ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Úóäú äõæÍò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó áöÞóæúãöåö ÓóæóÇÁð.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: {æóãóÇ ÃõÑöíÏõ Ãóäú ÃõÎóÇáöÝóßõãú Åöáóì ãóÇ ÃóäúåóÇßõãú Úóäúåõ} [åæÏ: 88] . Ãóíú áóÓúÊõ ÂãõÑõßõãú ÈöÇáúÃóãúÑö ÅöáøóÇ æóÃóäóÇ Ãóæøóáõ ÝóÇÚöáò áóåõ¡ æóÅöÐóÇ äóåóíúÊõßõãú Úóäö ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÝóÃóäóÇ Ãóæøóáõ ãóäú íóÊúÑõßõåõ¡ æóåóÐöåö åöíó ÇáÕøöÝóÉõ ÇáúãóÍúãõæÏóÉõ ÇáúÚóÙöíãóÉõ æóÖöÏøõåóÇ åöíó ÇáúãóÑúÏõæÏóÉõ ÇáÐøóãöíãóÉõ¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóáóÈøóÓó ÈöåóÇ ÚõáóãóÇÁõ Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó Ýöí ÂÎöÑö ÒóãóÇäöåöãú¡ æóÎõØóÈóÇÄõåõãõ ÇáúÌóÇåöáõæäó ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÃóÊóÃúãõÑõæäó ÇáäøóÇÓó ÈöÇáúÈöÑøö æóÊóäúÓóæúäó ÃóäúÝõÓóßõãú æóÃóäúÊõãú ÊóÊúáõæäó ÇáúßöÊóÇÈó ÃóÝóáóÇ ÊóÚúÞöáõæäó} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 44] . æóÐóßóÑúäóÇ ÚöäúÏóåóÇ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö Úóäú ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: «íõÄúÊóì ÈöÇáÑøóÌõáö ÝóíõáúÞóì Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö ÝóÊóäúÏóáöÞõ ÃóÞúÊóÇÈõ ÈóØúäöåö. Ãóíú

(1/432)


ÊóÎúÑõÌõ ÃóãúÚóÇÄõåõ ãöäú ÈóØúäöåö» «ÝóíóÏõæÑõ ÈöåóÇ¡ ßóãóÇ íóÏõæÑõ ÇáúÍöãóÇÑõ ÈöÑóÍóÇåõ ÝóíóÌúÊóãöÚõ Åöáóíúåö Ãóåúáõ ÇáäøóÇÑö ÝóíóÞõæáõæäó: íóÇ ÝõáóÇäõ ãóÇáóßó Ãóáóãú Êóßõäú ÊóÃúãõÑõ ÈöÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝö¡ æóÊóäúåóì Úóäö ÇáúãõäúßóÑö¿ ÝóíóÞõæáõ: Èóáóì ßõäúÊõ ÂãõÑõ ÈöÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝö æóáóÇ ÂÊöíåö¡ æóÃóäúåóì Úóäö ÇáúãõäúßóÑö æóÂÊöíåö» . æóåóÐöåö ÕöÝóÉõ ãõÎóÇáöÝöí ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö ãöäó ÇáúÝõÌøóÇÑö æóÇáúÃóÔúÞöíóÇÁö¡ ÝóÃóãøóÇ ÇáÓøóÇÏóÉõ ãöäó ÇáäøõÌóÈóÇÁö æóÇáúÃóáöÈøóÇÁö ãöäó ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÎúÔóæúäó ÑóÈøóåõãú ÈöÇáúÛóíúÈö ÝóÍóÇáõåõãú ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó äóÈöíøõ Çááøóåö ÔõÚóíúÈñ: {æóãóÇ ÃõÑöíÏõ Ãóäú ÃõÎóÇáöÝóßõãú Åöáóì ãóÇ ÃóäúåóÇßõãú Úóäúåõ Åöäú ÃõÑöíÏõ ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÅöÕúáóÇÍó ãóÇ ÇÓúÊóØóÚúÊõ} [åæÏ: 88] . Ãóíú ãóÇ ÃõÑöíÏõ Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ÃóãúÑöí ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÅöÕúáóÇÍó Ýöí ÇáúÝöÚóÇáö æóÇáúãóÞóÇáö ÈöÌõåúÏöí æóØóÇÞóÊöí {æóãóÇ ÊóæúÝöíÞöí} [åæÏ: 88] Ãóíú Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ÃóÍúæóÇáöí {ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇááøóåö Úóáóíúåö ÊóæóßøóáúÊõ æóÅöáóíúåö ÃõäöíÈõ} [åæÏ: 88] . Ãóíú Úóáóíúåö ÃóÊóæóßøóáõ Ýöí ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáúÃõãõæÑö æóÅöáóíúåö ãóÑúÌöÚöí æóãóÕöíÑöí Ýöí ßõáøö ÃóãúÑöí¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãóÞóÇãõ ÊóÑúÛöíÈò¡ Ëõãøó ÇäúÊóÞóáó Åöáóì äóæúÚò ãöäó ÇáÊøóÑúåöíÈö ÝóÞóÇáó: {æóíóÇ Þóæúãö áóÇ íóÌúÑöãóäøóßõãú ÔöÞóÇÞöí Ãóäú íõÕöíÈóßõãú ãöËúáõ ãóÇ ÃóÕóÇÈó Þóæúãó äõæÍò Ãóæú Þóæúãó åõæÏò Ãóæú Þóæúãó ÕóÇáöÍò æóãóÇ Þóæúãõ áõæØò ãöäúßõãú ÈöÈóÚöíÏò} [åæÏ: 89] . Ãóíú áóÇ ÊóÍúãöáóäøóßõãú ãõÎóÇáóÝóÊöí æóÈõÛúÖõßõãú ãóÇ ÌöÆúÊõßõãú Èöåö Úóáóì ÇáöÇÓúÊöãúÑóÇÑö Úóáóì ÖóáóÇáößõãú æóÌóåúáößõãú æóãõÎóÇáóÝóÊößõãú ÝóíõÍöáøó Çááøóåõ Èößõãú ãöäó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö æóÇáäøóßóÇáö äóÙöíÑó ãóÇ ÃóÍóáøóåõ ÈöäõÙóÑóÇÆößõãú æóÃóÔúÈóÇåößõãú ãöäú Þóæúãö äõæÍò¡ æóÞóæúãö åõæÏò¡ æóÞóæúãö ÕóÇáöÍò ãöäó ÇáúãõßóÐøöÈöíäó ÇáúãõÎóÇáöÝöíäó.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: {æóãóÇ Þóæúãõ áõæØò ãöäúßõãú ÈöÈóÚöíÏò} [åæÏ: 89] . Þöíáó: ãóÚúäóÇåõ Ýöí ÇáÒøóãóÇäö Ãóíú ãóÇ ÈöÇáúÚóåúÏö ãöäú ÞöÏóãò ãöãøóÇ ÞóÏú ÈóáóÛóßõãú ãóÇ ÃóÍóáøó Çááøóåõ Èöåöãú Úóáóì ßõÝúÑöåöãú¡ æóÚõÊõæøöåöãú. æóÞöíáó: ãóÚúäóÇåõ æóãóÇ åõãú ãöäúßõãú ÈöÈóÚöíÏò Ýöí ÇáúãóÍóáøóÉö æóÇáúãóßóÇäö. æóÞöíáó: Ýöí ÇáÕøöÝóÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÝúÚóÇáö ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞúÈóÍóÇÊö ãöäú ÞóØúÚö ÇáØøóÑöíÞö¡ æóÃóÎúÐö ÃóãúæóÇáö ÇáäøóÇÓö ÌóåúÑóÉð¡ æóÎõÝúíóÉð ÈöÃóäúæóÇÚö ÇáúÍöíóáö æóÇáÔøõÈõåóÇÊö. æóÇáúÌóãúÚõ Èóíúäó åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÞúæóÇáö ãõãúßöäñ ÝóÅöäøóåõãú áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ ÈóÚöíÏöíäó ãöäúåõãú áóÇ ÒóãóÇäðÇ æóáóÇ ãóßóÇäðÇ æóáóÇ ÕöÝóÇÊò. Ëõãøó ãóÒóÌó ÇáÊøóÑúåöíÈó ÈöÇáÊøóÑúÛöíÈö ÝóÞóÇáó:

(1/433)


{æóÇÓúÊóÛúÝöÑõæÇ ÑóÈøóßõãú Ëõãøó ÊõæÈõæÇ Åöáóíúåö Åöäøó ÑóÈøöí ÑóÍöíãñ æóÏõæÏñ} [åæÏ: 90] . Ãóíú ÃóÞúáöÚõæÇ ÚóãøóÇ ÃóäúÊõãú Ýöíåö¡ æóÊõæÈõæÇ Åöáóì ÑóÈøößõãõ ÇáÑøóÍöíãö ÇáúæóÏõæÏö ÝóÅöäøóåõ ãóäú ÊóÇÈó Åöáóíúåö ÊóÇÈó Úóáóíúåö ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÑóÍöíãñ ÈöÚöÈóÇÏöåö¡ ÃóÑúÍóãõ Èöåöãú ãöäó ÇáúæóÇáöÏóÉö ÈöæóáóÏöåóÇ æóÏõæÏñ æóåõæó ÇáúÍóÈöíÈõ¡ æóáóæú ÈóÚúÏó ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö Úóáóì ÚóÈúÏöåö¡ æóáóæú ãöäó ÇáúãõæÈöÞóÇÊö ÇáúÚöÙóÇãö
. {ÞóÇáõæÇ íóÇ ÔõÚóíúÈõ ãóÇ äóÝúÞóåõ ßóËöíÑðÇ ãöãøóÇ ÊóÞõæáõ æóÅöäøóÇ áóäóÑóÇßó ÝöíäóÇ ÖóÚöíÝðÇ} [åæÏ: 91] . Ñõæöíó Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò¡ æóÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÌõÈóíúÑò¡ æóÇáËøóæúÑöíøö Ãóäøóåõãú ÞóÇáõæÇ: ßóÇäó ÖóÑöíÑó ÇáúÈóÕóÑö. æóÞóÏú Ñõæöíó Ýöí ÍóÏöíËò ãóÑúÝõæÚò Ãóäøóåõ «Èóßóì ãöäú ÍõÈøö Çááøóåö ÍóÊøóì Úóãöíó ÝóÑóÏøó Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö ÈóÕóÑóåõ. æóÞóÇáó: íóÇ ÔõÚóíúÈõ ÃóÊóÈúßöí ÎóæúÝðÇ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÑö Ãóæú ãöäú ÔóæúÞößó Åöáóì ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¿ ÝóÞóÇáó: Èóáú ãöäú ãóÍóÈøóÊößó ÝóÅöÐóÇ äóÙóÑúÊõ Åöáóíúßó ÝóáóÇ ÃõÈóÇáöí ãóÇÐóÇ íõÕúäóÚõ Èöí. ÝóÃóæúÍóì Çááøóåõ Åöáóíúåö: åóäöíÆðÇ áóßó íóÇ ÔõÚóíúÈõ áöÞóÇÆöí ÝóáöÐóáößó ÃóÎóÏóãúÊõßó ãõæÓóì Èúäó ÚöãúÑóÇäó ßóáöíãöí.» ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáúæóÇÍöÏöíøõ¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÇáúÝóÊúÍö ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö Úóáöíøò ÇáúßõæÝöíøö¡ Úóäú Úóáöíøö Èúäö ÇáúÍóÓóäö Èúäö ÈõäúÏóÇÑò¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó ÇáÑøóãúáöíøö¡ Úóäú åöÔóÇãö Èúäö ÚóãøóÇÑò¡ Úóäú ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó Èúäö ÚóíøóÇÔò¡ Úóäú ÈóÍöíÑö Èúäö ÓóÚúÏò¡ Úóäú ÔóÏøóÇÏö Èúäö ÃóæúÓò¡ Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÈöäóÍúæöåö. æóåóÐóÇ ÛóÑöíÈñ ÌöÏøðÇ¡ æóÞóÏú ÖóÚøóÝóåõ ÇáúÎóØöíÈõ ÇáúÈóÛúÏóÇÏöíøõ¡ æóÞóæúáõåõãú: {æóáóæúáóÇ ÑóåúØõßó áóÑóÌóãúäóÇßó æóãóÇ ÃóäúÊó ÚóáóíúäóÇ ÈöÚóÒöíÒò} [åæÏ: 91] .

(1/434)


æóåóÐóÇ ãöäú ßõÝúÑöåöãõ ÇáúÈóáöíÛö æóÚöäóÇÏöåöãõ ÇáÔøóäöíÚö ÍóíúËõ ÞóÇáõæÇ: {ãóÇ äóÝúÞóåõ ßóËöíÑðÇ ãöãøóÇ ÊóÞõæáõ} [åæÏ: 91] . Ãóíú ãóÇ äóÝúåóãõåõ æóáóÇ äóÊóÚóÞøóáõåõ áöÃóäøóÇ áóÇ äõÍöÈøõåõ æóáóÇ äõÑöíÏõåõ¡ æóáóíúÓó áóäóÇ åöãøóÉñ Åöáóíúåö æóáóÇ ÅöÞúÈóÇáñ Úóáóíúåö¡ æóåõæó ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ßõÝøóÇÑõ ÞõÑóíúÔò áöÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó {æóÞóÇáõæÇ ÞõáõæÈõäóÇ Ýöí ÃóßöäøóÉò ãöãøóÇ ÊóÏúÚõæäóÇ Åöáóíúåö æóÝöí ÂÐóÇäöäóÇ æóÞúÑñ æóãöäú ÈóíúäöäóÇ æóÈóíúäößó ÍöÌóÇÈñ ÝóÇÚúãóáú ÅöäøóäóÇ ÚóÇãöáõæäó} [ÝÕáÊ: 5] . æóÞóæúáõåõãú: {æóÅöäøóÇ áóäóÑóÇßó ÝöíäóÇ ÖóÚöíÝðÇ} [åæÏ: 91] . Ãóíú ãõÖúØóåóÏðÇ ãóåúÌõæÑðÇ {æóáóæúáóÇ ÑóåúØõßó} [åæÏ: 91] Ãóíú: ÞóÈöíáóÊõßó æóÚóÔöíÑóÊõßó ÝöíäóÇ {áóÑóÌóãúäóÇßó æóãóÇ ÃóäúÊó ÚóáóíúäóÇ ÈöÚóÒöíÒò ÞóÇáó íóÇ Þóæúãö ÃóÑóåúØöí ÃóÚóÒøõ Úóáóíúßõãú ãöäó Çááøóåö} [åæÏ: 91] . Ãóíú ÊóÎóÇÝõæäó ÞóÈöíáóÊöí æóÚóÔöíÑóÊöí æóÊõÑóÇÚõæäöí ÈöÓóÈóÈöåöãú¡ æóáóÇ ÊóÎóÇÝõæäó ÌóäóÈóÉó Çááøóåö¡ æóáóÇ ÊóÑúÚóæúäöí áöÃóäøöí ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö ÝóÕóÇÑó ÑóåúØöí ÃóÚóÒøó Úóáóíúßõãú ãöäó Çááøóåö {æóÇÊøóÎóÐúÊõãõæåõ æóÑóÇÁóßõãú ÙöåúÑöíøðÇ} [åæÏ: 92] . Ãóíú ÌóÚóáúÊõãú ÌóÇäöÈó Çááøóåö æóÑóÇÁó ÙõåõæÑößõãú {Åöäøó ÑóÈøöí ÈöãóÇ ÊóÚúãóáõæäó ãõÍöíØñ} [åæÏ: 92] . Ãóíú åõæó Úóáöíãñ ÈöãóÇ ÊóÚúãóáõæäóåõ æóãóÇ ÊóÕúäóÚõæäóåõ ãõÍöíØñ ÈöÐóáößó ßõáøöåö¡ æóÓóíóÌúÒöíßõãú Úóáóíúåö íóæúãó ÊõÑúÌóÚõæäó Åöáóíúåö {æóíóÇ Þóæúãö ÇÚúãóáõæÇ Úóáóì ãóßóÇäóÊößõãú Åöäøöí ÚóÇãöáñ ÓóæúÝó ÊóÚúáóãõæäó ãóäú íóÃúÊöíåö ÚóÐóÇÈñ íõÎúÒöíåö æóãóäú åõæó ßóÇÐöÈñ æóÇÑúÊóÞöÈõæÇ Åöäøöí ãóÚóßõãú ÑóÞöíÈñ} [åæÏ: 93] . æóåóÐóÇ ÃóãúÑõ ÊóåúÏöíÏò ÔóÏöíÏò æóæóÚöíÏò ÃóßöíÏò ÈöÃóäú íóÓúÊóãöÑøõæÇ Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÊöåöãú æóãóäúåóÌöåöãú æóÔóÇßöáóÊöåöãú ÝóÓóæúÝó ÊóÚúáóãõæäó ãóäú Êóßõæäõ áóåõ ÚóÇÞöÈóÉõ ÇáÏøóÇÑö¡ æóãóäú íóÍöáøõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáúåóáóÇßõ æóÇáúÈóæóÇÑõ {ãóäú íóÃúÊöíåö ÚóÐóÇÈñ íõÎúÒöíåö} [åæÏ: 39] . Ãóíú Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ {æóíóÍöáøõ Úóáóíúåö ÚóÐóÇÈñ ãõÞöíãñ} [åæÏ: 39] . Ãóíú Ýöí ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì {æóãóäú åõæó ßóÇÐöÈñ} [åæÏ: 93] . Ãóíú ãöäøöí æóãöäúßõãú ÝöíãóÇ ÃóÎúÈóÑó æóÈóÔøóÑó æóÍóÐøóÑó {æóÇÑúÊóÞöÈõæÇ Åöäøöí ãóÚóßõãú ÑóÞöíÈñ} [åæÏ: 93] . æóåóÐóÇ ßóÞóæúáöåö:

(1/435)


{æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ãöäúßõãú ÂãóäõæÇ ÈöÇáøóÐöí ÃõÑúÓöáúÊõ Èöåö æóØóÇÆöÝóÉñ áóãú íõÄúãöäõæÇ ÝóÇÕúÈöÑõæÇ ÍóÊøóì íóÍúßõãó Çááøóåõ ÈóíúäóäóÇ æóåõæó ÎóíúÑõ ÇáúÍóÇßöãöíäó ÞóÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ ãöäú Þóæúãöåö áóäõÎúÑöÌóäøóßó íóÇ ÔõÚóíúÈõ æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ ãóÚóßó ãöäú ÞóÑúíóÊöäóÇ Ãóæú áóÊóÚõæÏõäøó Ýöí ãöáøóÊöäóÇ ÞóÇáó Ãóæóáóæú ßõäøóÇ ßóÇÑöåöíäó ÞóÏö ÇÝúÊóÑóíúäóÇ Úóáóì Çááøóåö ßóÐöÈðÇ Åöäú ÚõÏúäóÇ Ýöí ãöáøóÊößõãú ÈóÚúÏó ÅöÐú äóÌøóÇäóÇ Çááøóåõ ãöäúåóÇ æóãóÇ íóßõæäõ áóäóÇ Ãóäú äóÚõæÏó ÝöíåóÇ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íóÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ ÑóÈøõäóÇ æóÓöÚó ÑóÈøõäóÇ ßõáøó ÔóíúÁò ÚöáúãðÇ Úóáóì Çááøóåö ÊóæóßøóáúäóÇ ÑóÈøóäóÇ ÇÝúÊóÍú ÈóíúäóäóÇ æóÈóíúäó ÞóæúãöäóÇ ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö æóÃóäúÊó ÎóíúÑõ ÇáúÝóÇÊöÍöíäó} [ÇáÃÚÑÇÝ: 87] . ØóáóÈõæÇ ÈöÒóÚúãöåöãú Ãóäú íóÑõÏøõæÇ ãóäú Âãóäõ ãöäúåõãú Åöáóì ãöáøóÊöåöãú ÝóÇäúÊóÕóÈó ÔõÚóíúÈñ áöáúãõÍóÇÌøóÉö Úóäú Þóæúãöåö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: {Ãóæóáóæú ßõäøóÇ ßóÇÑöåöíäó} [ÇáÃÚÑÇÝ: 88] . Ãóíú åóÄõáóÇÁö áóÇ íóÚõæÏõæäó Åöáóíúßõãõ ÇÎúÊöíóÇÑðÇ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ íóÚõæÏõæäó Åöáóíúåö Åöäú ÚóÇÏõæÇ ÇÖúØöÑóÇÑðÇ ãõßúÑóåöíäó¡ æóÐóáößó áöÃóäøó ÇáúÅöíãóÇäó ÅöÐóÇ ÎóÇáóØóÊú ÈóÔóÇÔóÊõåõ ÇáúÞõáõæÈó áóÇ íóÓúÎóØõåõ ÃóÍóÏñ¡ æóáóÇ íõÑöíÏõ ÃóÍóÏñ Ãóäú íóÒõæáó Úóäúåõ¡ æóáóÇ ãóÍöíÏó áöÃóÍóÏò ãöäúåõ.
æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó: {ÞóÏö ÇÝúÊóÑóíúäóÇ Úóáóì Çááøóåö ßóÐöÈðÇ Åöäú ÚõÏúäóÇ Ýöí ãöáøóÊößõãú ÈóÚúÏó ÅöÐú äóÌøóÇäóÇ Çááøóåõ ãöäúåóÇ æóãóÇ íóßõæäõ áóäóÇ Ãóäú äóÚõæÏó ÝöíåóÇ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íóÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ ÑóÈøõäóÇ æóÓöÚó ÑóÈøõäóÇ ßõáøó ÔóíúÁò ÚöáúãðÇ Úóáóì Çááøóåö ÊóæóßøóáúäóÇ} [ÇáÃÚÑÇÝ: 89] . Ãóíú Ýóåõæó ßóÇÝöíäóÇ æóåõæó ÇáúÚóÇÕöãõ áóäóÇ æóÅöáóíúåö ãóáúÌóÄõäóÇ Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ÃóãúÑöäóÇ¡ Ëõãøó ÇÓúÊóÝúÊóÍó Úóáóì Þóæúãöåö æóÇÓúÊóäúÕóÑó ÑóÈøóåõ Úóáóíúåöãú Ýöí ÊóÚúÌöíáö ãóÇ íóÓúÊóÍöÞøõæäóåõ Åöáóíúåöãú ÝóÞóÇáó: {ÑóÈøóäóÇ ÇÝúÊóÍú ÈóíúäóäóÇ æóÈóíúäó ÞóæúãöäóÇ ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö æóÃóäúÊó ÎóíúÑõ ÇáúÝóÇÊöÍöíäó} [ÇáÃÚÑÇÝ: 89] . Ãóíö ÇáúÍóÇßöãöíäó ÝóÏóÚóÇ Úóáóíúåöãú¡ æóÇááøóåõ áóÇ íóÑõÏøõ ÏõÚóÇÁó ÑõÓõáöåö ÅöÐóÇ ÇÓúÊóäúÕóÑõæåõ Úóáóì ÇáøóÐöíäó ÌóÍóÏõæåõ æóßóÝóÑõæåõ¡ æóÑóÓõæáóåõ ÎóÇáóÝõæåõ¡ æóãóÚó åóÐóÇ ÕóãøóãõæÇ Úóáóì ãóÇ åõãú Úóáóíúåö ãõÔúÊóãöáõæäó¡ æóÈöåö ãõÓúÊóãúÓößõæäó {æóÞóÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ãöäú Þóæúãöåö áóÆöäö ÇÊøóÈóÚúÊõãú ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ Åöäøóßõãú ÅöÐðÇ áóÎóÇÓöÑõæäó} [ÇáÃÚÑÇÝ: 90] .
ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóÃóÎóÐóÊúåõãõ ÇáÑøóÌúÝóÉõ ÝóÃóÕúÈóÍõæÇ Ýöí ÏóÇÑöåöãú ÌóÇËöãöíäó} [ÇáÃÚÑÇÝ: 91] . ÐóßóÑó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö Ãóäøóåõãú ÃóÎóÐóÊúåõãú

(1/436)


ÑóÌúÝóÉñ Ãóíú ÑóÌóÝóÊú Èöåöãú ÃóÑúÖõåõãú¡ æóÒõáúÒöáóÊú ÒöáúÒóÇáðÇ ÔóÏöíÏðÇ ÃóÒúåóÞóÊú ÃóÑúæóÇÍóåõãú ãöäú ÃóÌúÓóÇÏöåóÇ¡ æóÕóíøóÑóÊú ÍóíóæóÇäóÇÊö ÃóÑúÖöåöãú ßóÌóãóÇÏöåóÇ¡ æóÃóÕúÈóÍóÊú ÌõËøóÊõåõãú ÌóÇËöíóÉð áóÇ ÃóÑúæóÇÍó ÝöíåóÇ æóáóÇ ÍóÑóßóÇÊò ÈöåóÇ æóáóÇ ÍóæóÇÓøó áóåóÇ¡ æóÞóÏú ÌóãóÚó Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåöãú ÃóäúæóÇÚðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÚõÞõæÈóÇÊö æóÕõäõæÝðÇ ãöäó ÇáúãóËõáóÇÊö¡ æóÃóÔúßóÇáðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÈóáöíøóÇÊö¡ æóÐóáößó áöãóÇ ÇÊøóÕóÝõæÇ Èöåö ãöäú ÞóÈöíÍö ÇáÕøöÝóÇÊö ÓóáøóØó Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåöãú ÑóÌúÝóÉð ÔóÏöíÏóÉð ÃóÓúßóäóÊö ÇáúÍóÑóßóÇÊö¡ æóÕóíúÍóÉð ÚóÙöíãóÉð ÃóÎúãóÏóÊö ÇáúÃóÕúæóÇÊó¡ æóÙõáøóÉð ÃóÑúÓóáó Úóáóíúåöãú ãöäúåóÇ ÔóÑóÑó ÇáäøóÇÑö ãöäú ÓóÇÆöÑö ÃóÑúÌóÇÆöåóÇ æóÇáúÌöåóÇÊö¡ æóáóßöäøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÃóÎúÈóÑó Úóäúåõãú Ýöí ßõáøö ÓõæÑóÉò ÈöãóÇ íõäóÇÓöÈõ ÓöíóÇÞóåóÇ æóíõæóÇÝöÞõ ØöÈóÇÞóåóÇ Ýöí ÓöíóÇÞö ÞöÕøóÉö ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö ÃóÑóÌóÝõæÇ äóÈöíøó Çááøóåö æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈóåõ¡ æóÊóæóÚøóÏõæåõãú ÈöÇáúÅöÎúÑóÇÌö ãöäú ÞóÑúíóÊöåöãú Ãóæú áóíóÚõæÏõäøó Ýöí ãöáøóÊöåöãú ÑóÇÌöÚöíäó ÝóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóÃóÎóÐóÊúåõãõ ÇáÑøóÌúÝóÉõ ÝóÃóÕúÈóÍõæÇ Ýöí ÏóÇÑöåöãú ÌóÇËöãöíäó} [ÇáÃÚÑÇÝ: 91] . ÝóÞóÇÈóáó ÇáúÅöÑúÌóÇÝó ÈöÇáÑøóÌúÝóÉö¡ æóÇáúÅöÎóÇÝóÉó ÈöÇáúÎöíÝóÉö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãõäóÇÓöÈñ áöåóÐóÇ ÇáÓøöíóÇÞö¡ æóãõÊóÚóáøöÞñ ÈöãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãóåõ ãöäó ÇáÓøöíóÇÞö¡ æóÃóãøóÇ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö åõæÏò ÝóÐóßóÑó Ãóäøóåõãú ÃóÎóÐóÊúåõãõ ÇáÕøóíúÍóÉõ ÝóÃóÕúÈóÍõæÇ Ýöí ÏöíóÇÑöåöãú ÌóÇËöãöíäó¡ æóÐóáößó áöÃóäøóåõãú ÞóÇáõæÇ áöäóÈöíøö Çááøóåö Úóáóì ÓóÈöíáö ÇáÊøóåóßøõãö¡ æóÇáöÇÓúÊöåúÒóÇÁö æóÇáÊøóäóÞøõÕö: {ÃóÕóáóÇÊõßó ÊóÃúãõÑõßó Ãóäú äóÊúÑõßó ãóÇ íóÚúÈõÏõ ÂÈóÇÄõäóÇ Ãóæú Ãóäú äóÝúÚóáó Ýöí ÃóãúæóÇáöäóÇ ãóÇ äóÔóÇÁõ Åöäøóßó áóÃóäúÊó ÇáúÍóáöíãõ ÇáÑøóÔöíÏõ} [åæÏ: 87] . ÝóäóÇÓóÈó Ãóäú íóÐúßõÑó ÇáÕøóíúÍóÉó ÇáøóÊöí åöíó ßóÇáÒøóÌúÑö Úóäú ÊóÚóÇØöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÇáúÞóÈöíÍö ÇáøóÐöí ÌóåøóáõæÇ Èöåö åóÐóÇ ÇáÑøóÓõæáó ÇáúßóÑöíãó ÇáúÃóãöíäó ÇáúÝóÕöíÍó ÝóÌóÇÁóÊúåõãú ÕóíúÍóÉñ ÃóÓúßóÊóÊúåõãú ãóÚó ÑóÌúÝóÉò ÃóÓúßóäóÊúåõãú. æóÃóãøóÇ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáÔøõÚóÑóÇÁö ÝóÐóßóÑó Ãóäøóåõ ÃóÎóÐóåõãú {ÚóÐóÇÈõ íóæúãö ÇáÙøõáøóÉö} [ÇáÔÚÑÇÁ: 189] . æóßóÇäó Ðóáößó ÅöÌóÇÈóÉð áöãóÇ ØóáóÈõæÇ¡ æóÊóÞúÑöíÈðÇ Åöáóì ãóÇ Åöáóíúåö ÑóÛöÈõæÇ ÝóÅöäøóåõãú ÞóÇáõæÇ:

(1/437)


{ÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóäúÊó ãöäó ÇáúãõÓóÍøóÑöíäó æóãóÇ ÃóäúÊó ÅöáøóÇ ÈóÔóÑñ ãöËúáõäóÇ æóÅöäú äóÙõäøõßó áóãöäó ÇáúßóÇÐöÈöíäó ÝóÃóÓúÞöØú ÚóáóíúäóÇ ßöÓóÝðÇ ãöäó ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö Åöäú ßõäúÊó ãöäó ÇáÕøóÇÏöÞöíäó ÞóÇáó ÑóÈøöí ÃóÚúáóãõ ÈöãóÇ ÊóÚúãóáõæäó} [ÇáÔÚÑÇÁ: 185] .
æóãóäú ÒóÚóãó ãöäó ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó ßóÞóÊóÇÏóÉó æóÛóíúÑöåö Ãóäøó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈó ÇáúÃóíúßóÉö ÃõãøóÉñ ÃõÎúÑóì ÛóíúÑõ Ãóåúáö ãóÏúíóäó ÝóÞóæúáõåõ ÖóÚöíÝñ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÚõãúÏóÊõåõãú ÔóíúÆóÇäöº ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: {ßóÐøóÈó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóíúßóÉö ÇáúãõÑúÓóáöíäó ÅöÐú ÞóÇáó áóåõãú ÔõÚóíúÈñ} [ÇáÔÚÑÇÁ: 176] . æóáóãú íóÞõáú: ÃóÎõæåõãú ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó: {æóÅöáóì ãóÏúíóäó ÃóÎóÇåõãú ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ} [åæÏ: 84] . æóÇáËøóÇäöí: Ãóäøóåõ ÐóßóÑó ÚóÐóÇÈóåõãú Èöíóæúãö ÇáÙøõáøóÉö¡ æóÐóßóÑó Ýöí ÃõæáóÆößó ÇáÑøóÌúÝóÉó¡ Ãóæö ÇáÕøóíúÍóÉó. æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ Úóäö ÇáúÃóæøóáö Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íóÐúßõÑö ÇáúÃõÎõæøóÉó ÈóÚúÏó Þóæúáöåö: {ßóÐøóÈó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóíúßóÉö ÇáúãõÑúÓóáöíäó} [ÇáÔÚÑÇÁ: 176] º áöÃóäøóåõ æóÕóÝóåõãú ÈöÚöÈóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÃóíúßóÉö ÝóáóÇ íõäóÇÓöÈõ ÐößúÑõ ÇáúÃõÎõæøóÉö åóÇåõäóÇ¡ æóáóãøóÇ äóÓóÈóåõãú Åöáóì ÇáúÞóÈöíáóÉö ÓóÇÛó ÐößúÑõ ÔõÚóíúÈò ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÃóÎõæåõãú. æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÝóÑúÞõ ãöäó ÇáäøóÝóÇÆöÓö ÇááøóØöíÝóÉö ÇáúÚóÒöíÒóÉö ÇáÔøóÑöíÝóÉö. æóÃóãøóÇ ÇÍúÊöÌóÇÌõåõãú Èöíóæúãö ÇáÙøõáøóÉö¡ ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÏóáöíáðÇ ÈöãõÌóÑøóÏöåö Úóáóì Ãóäøó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÃõãøóÉñ ÃõÎúÑóì Ýóáúíóßõäú ÊóÚúÏóÇÏõ ÇáöÇäúÊöÞóÇãö ÈöÇáÑøóÌúÝóÉö¡ æóÇáÕøóíúÍóÉö ÏóáöíáðÇ Úóáóì ÃóäøóåõãóÇ ÃõãøóÊóÇäö ÃõÎúÑóíóÇäö¡ æóåóÐóÇ áóÇ íóÞõæáõåõ ÃóÍóÏñ íóÝúåóãõ ÔóíúÆðÇ ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáÔøóÃúäö ÝóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÇáøóÐöí ÃóæúÑóÏóåõ ÇáúÍóÇÝöÙõ ÇÈúäõ ÚóÓóÇßöÑó Ýöí ÊóÑúÌóãóÉö ÇáäøóÈöíøö ÔõÚóíúÈò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö ÚõËúãóÇäó Èúäö ÃóÈöí ÔóíúÈóÉó¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöíåö¡ Úóäú ãõÚóÇæöíóÉó Èúäö åöÔóÇãò¡

(1/438)


Úóäú åöÔóÇãö Èúäö ÓóÚúÏò¡ Úóäú ÔóÞöíÞö Èúäö ÃóÈöí åöáóÇáò¡ Úóäú ÑóÈöíÚóÉó Èúäö ÓóíúÝò¡ Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÚóãúÑòæ ãóÑúÝõæÚðÇ «. Åöäøó ãóÏúíóäó¡ æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈó ÇáúÃóíúßóÉö ÃõãøóÊóÇäö ÈóÚóËó Çááøóåõ ÅöáóíúåöãóÇ ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ ÇáäøóÈöíøó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ» . ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÍóÏöíËñ ÛóÑöíÈñ¡ æóÝöí ÑöÌóÇáöåö ãóäú Êõßõáøöãó Ýöíåö¡ æóÇáúÃóÔúÈóåõ Ãóäøóåõ ãöäú ßóáóÇãö ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÚóãúÑòæ ãöãøóÇ ÃóÕóÇÈóåõ íóæúãó ÇáúíóÑúãõæßö ãöäú Êöáúßó ÇáÒøóÇãöáóÊóíúäö ãöäú ÃóÎúÈóÇÑö Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó¡ æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ.
Ëõãøó ÞóÏú ÐóßóÑó Çááøóåõ Úóäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÃóíúßóÉö ãöäó ÇáúãóÐóãøóÉö ãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ Úóäú Ãóåúáö ãóÏúíóäó ãöäó ÇáÊøóØúÝöíÝö Ýöí ÇáúãößúíóÇáö æóÇáúãöíÒóÇäö¡ ÝóÏóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõãú ÃõãøóÉñ æóÇÍöÏóÉñ ÃõåúáößõæÇ ÈöÃóäúæóÇÚò ãöäó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö¡ æóÐóßóÑó Ýöí ßõáøö ãóæúÖöÚò ãóÇ íõäóÇÓöÈõ Ðóáößó ÇáúÎöØóÇÈó.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: {ÝóÃóÎóÐóåõãú ÚóÐóÇÈõ íóæúãö ÇáÙøõáøóÉö Åöäøóåõ ßóÇäó ÚóÐóÇÈó íóæúãò ÚóÙöíãò} [ÇáÔÚÑÇÁ: 189] . ÐóßóÑõæÇ Ãóäøóåõãú ÃóÕóÇÈóåõãú ÍóÑøñ ÔóÏöíÏñ¡ æóÃóÓúßóäó Çááøóåõ åõÈõæÈó ÇáúåóæóÇÁö Úóäúåõãú ÓóÈúÚóÉó ÃóíøóÇãò ÝóßóÇäó áóÇ íóäúÝóÚõåõãú ãóÚó Ðóáößó ãóÇÁñ æóáóÇ Ùöáøñ æóáóÇ ÏõÎõæáõåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÃóÓúÑóÇÈö¡ ÝóåóÑóÈõæÇ ãöäú ãóÍóáøóÊöåöãú Åöáóì ÇáúÈóÑøöíøóÉö ÝóÃóÙóáøóÊúåõãú ÓóÍóÇÈóÉñ ÝóÇÌúÊóãóÚõæÇ ÊóÍúÊóåóÇ áöíóÓúÊóÙöáøõæÇ ÈöÙöáøöåóÇ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÊóßóÇãóáõæÇ Ýöíåö ÃóÑúÓóáóåóÇ Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåöãú ÊóÑúãöíåöãú ÈöÔóÑóÑò æóÔõåõÈò ãöäú äóÇÑò¡ æóÑóÌóÝóÊú Èöåöãõ ÇáúÃóÑúÖõ¡ æóÌóÇÁóÊúåõãú ÕóíúÍóÉñ ãöäó ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö ÝóÃóÒúåóÞóÊö ÇáúÃóÑúæóÇÍó æóÎóÑøóÈóÊö ÇáúÃóÔúÈóÇÍó {ÝóÃóÕúÈóÍõæÇ Ýöí ÏóÇÑöåöãú ÌóÇËöãöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ ßóÃóäú áóãú íóÛúäóæúÇ ÝöíåóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ ßóÇäõæÇ åõãõ ÇáúÎóÇÓöÑöíäó} [ÇáÃÚÑÇÝ: 91] . æóäóÌøóì Çááøóåõ ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ æóãóäú ãóÚóåõ ãöäó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì æóåõæó ÃóÕúÏóÞõ ÇáúÞóÇÆöáöíäó:

(1/439)


{æóáóãøóÇ ÌóÇÁó ÃóãúÑõäóÇ äóÌøóíúäóÇ ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ ãóÚóåõ ÈöÑóÍúãóÉò ãöäøóÇ æóÃóÎóÐóÊö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÙóáóãõæÇ ÇáÕøóíúÍóÉõ ÝóÃóÕúÈóÍõæÇ Ýöí ÏöíóÇÑöåöãú ÌóÇËöãöíäó ßóÃóäú áóãú íóÛúäóæúÇ ÝöíåóÇ ÃóáóÇ ÈõÚúÏðÇ áöãóÏúíóäó ßóãóÇ ÈóÚöÏóÊú ËóãõæÏõ} [åæÏ: 94] . æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÞóÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ãöäú Þóæúãöåö áóÆöäö ÇÊøóÈóÚúÊõãú ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ Åöäøóßõãú ÅöÐðÇ áóÎóÇÓöÑõæäó ÝóÃóÎóÐóÊúåõãõ ÇáÑøóÌúÝóÉõ ÝóÃóÕúÈóÍõæÇ Ýöí ÏóÇÑöåöãú ÌóÇËöãöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ ßóÃóäú áóãú íóÛúäóæúÇ ÝöíåóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ ßóÇäõæÇ åõãõ ÇáúÎóÇÓöÑöíäó} [ÇáÃÚÑÇÝ: 90] . æóåóÐóÇ Ýöí ãõÞóÇÈóáóÉö Þóæúáöåöãú: {áóÆöäö ÇÊøóÈóÚúÊõãú ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ Åöäøóßõãú ÅöÐðÇ áóÎóÇÓöÑõæäó} [ÇáÃÚÑÇÝ: 90] Ëõãøó ÐóßóÑó ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóäú äóÈöíøöåöãú Ãóäøóåõ äóÚóÇåõãú Åöáóì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú ãõæóÈøöÎðÇ æóãõÄóäøöÈðÇ æóãõÞóÑøöÚðÇ ÝóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {íóÇ Þóæúãö áóÞóÏú ÃóÈúáóÛúÊõßõãú ÑöÓóÇáóÇÊö ÑóÈøöí æóäóÕóÍúÊõ áóßõãú ÝóßóíúÝó ÂÓóì Úóáóì Þóæúãò ßóÇÝöÑöíäó} [ÇáÃÚÑÇÝ: 93] . Ãóíú ÃóÚúÑóÖó Úóäúåõãú ãõæóáøöíðÇ Úóäú ãóÍóáøóÊöåöãú ÈóÚúÏó åóáóÇßöåöãú ÞóÇÆöáðÇ: {íóÇ Þóæúãö áóÞóÏú ÃóÈúáóÛúÊõßõãú ÑöÓóÇáóÇÊö ÑóÈøöí æóäóÕóÍúÊõ áóßõãú} [ÇáÃÚÑÇÝ: 93] . Ãóíú ÞóÏú ÃóÏøóíúÊõ ãóÇ ßóÇäó æóÇÌöÈðÇ Úóáóíøó ãöäó ÇáúÈóáóÇÛö ÇáÊøóÇãøö æóÇáäøõÕúÍö ÇáúßóÇãöáö¡ æóÍóÑóÕúÊõ Úóáóì åöÏóÇíóÊößõãú Èößõáøö ãóÇ ÃóÞúÏöÑõ Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÃóÊóæóÕøóáõ Åöáóíúåö Ýóáóãú íóäúÝóÚúßõãú Ðóáößóº áöÃóäøó Çááøóåó áóÇ íóåúÏöí ãóäú íõÖöáøõ¡ æóãóÇ áóåõãú ãöäú äóÇÕöÑöíäó¡ ÝóáóÓúÊõ ÃóÊóÃóÓøóÝõ ÈóÚúÏó åóÐóÇ Úóáóíúßõãú áöÃóäøóßõãú áóãú ÊóßõæäõæÇ ÊóÞúÈóáõæäó ÇáäøóÕöíÍóÉó¡ æóáóÇ ÊóÎóÇÝõæäó íóæúãó ÇáúÝóÖöíÍóÉöº æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó: {ÝóßóíúÝó ÂÓóì} [ÇáÃÚÑÇÝ: 93] Ãóíú ÃóÍúÒóäõ {Úóáóì Þóæúãò ßóÇÝöÑöíäó} [ÇáÃÚÑÇÝ: 93] . Ãóíú áóÇ ÊóÞúÈóáõæäó ÇáúÍóÞøó¡ æóáóÇ ÊóÑúÌöÚõæäó Åöáóíúåö¡ æóáóÇ ÊóáúÊóÝöÊõæäó Åöáóíúåö¡ ÝóÍóáøó Èöåöãú ãöäú ÈóÃúÓö Çááøóåö ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ íõÑóÏøõ ãóÇ áóÇ íõÏóÇÝóÚõ¡ æóáóÇ íõãóÇäóÚõ¡ æóáóÇ ãóÍöíÏó áöÃóÍóÏò ÃõÑöíÏó Èöåö Úóäúåõ¡ æóáóÇ ãóäóÇÕó ãöäúåõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÐóßóÑó ÇáúÍóÇÝöÙõ ÇÈúäõ ÚóÓóÇßöÑó Ýöí ÊóÇÑöíÎöåö¡ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò Ãóäøó ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ßóÇäó ÈóÚúÏó íõæÓõÝó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ. æóÚóäú æóåúÈö Èúäö ãõäóÈøöåò Ãóäøó ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ãóÇÊó ÈöãóßøóÉó æóãóäú ãóÚóåõ ãöäó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó¡ æóÞõÈõæÑõåõãú ÛóÑúÈöíøó ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö Èóíúäó ÏóÇÑö ÇáäøóÏúæóÉö æóÏóÇÑö Èóäöí Óóåúãò.

(1/440)